PIANOS-BiCYCLElS. 



FOR 
BBOOKLYK 

AND 
NEW YORK 

THE 
CELEBRATED 



SOHMER 



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Are For Sale Only at 

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R ELIABLE B ICYCLES 

Columbia, Hartford, Lovell-Diamond, 
and others. 



BROOKLYN AGENCY 



-FOR- 



^COLUMBIAS 

No. 555 FULTON STREET, (?Siii!^.) 
Branch, 1216 BEDFORD AV., (wan'SSSt st.) 



Complete Line of Clothing and Sundries for Cyclists. 

BICYCLES SOLD ON EASY TERMS. 



SCHWALBACH CYCLE CO., 

(INCORPORATED.) 



POTTERY WORKS. 



Telephone, 39 Williamsburg.^ 



Gr li ^^ EC ^^ 3VL ' S 

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Each Tub composed of one Solid Piece of Hard Burned Earthenware, 1}4 inches thick, and 
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110 to 120 Metropolitan Ave., 



BROOKLYN, N. Y. 



INSURANCE. 



IT LEADS THEM ALL 

f he jVlutual Life 
Jpsuppce Gopipapy 
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-A.sso-bs O-vex? SlT5^000-,000- 



The Consol Policy recently announced by The Mututil Life Insurance 
Company of New York combines more advantages with fewer restrictions 
than any Investment Insurance contract ever offered. It consolidates 

INSURANCE, INVESTMENT, 

ENDOWMENT, ANNUAL INCOME. 

No other Company offers this policy. Apply only to Company's nearest 

Agent for details. 



The Mutual Life paid to its Policyholders in 1892, over 
$1Q,000,000- 



The Mutual has ever been in the minds of tlie discriminating public 
" THE GREATEST OF ALL THE COMPANIES." 
For full particulars of the above, or any other form of policy, address 
CHARLES H. RAYMOND, WARREN T. DIEFENDORF, 

MetroJ>olifati General Age7iiy OR District Agent for Long Island, 

No. 59 CEDAR STREET, 164 & 166 MANTAGUE ST., BROOKLYN. 

NEW YORK CITY. (Franklin Trust Company Building.) 



t:&tc 



^i^EisrA- 




Brooklyn and Long Island. 



The City's Resources and Residences, 
The Island's Retreats and Resorts, 

A Regal City in a Rich Country. 



-^ RDED by 

Library, U' ^.^^ye^'^rtm^ntlod «!ignpu(tura 



BROOKLYN, N, Y. 



1893. 



^// rights reserved. 



F- 



Z'] 






i,«OB>'' 



Copyright, 1893, by 
R. WAYNE WILSON AND COMPANY. 



KLECTROTTPED AND PRINTED BY 

,THK JERSEY CITY PRINTING COMPANY^ 

37 MONTGOSir.RY STREET, 

JERSEY CITV, N. J. 



49070 



BROOKLYN Cir,^ 



397 to 403 
Fulton Street, 




ELEVATORS. 



An elevator should be 
so constructed that an 
accident cannot occur. 

The elevator having 
the safest reputation 
is the "Otis," built by 
Otis Brothers & Co., 
38 Park Row^, New York. 



eOJ^TEJJTS. 



PAGE 

INTRODUCTION ., i 

HISTORIC LANDMARKS— 

Early History of Brooklyn — Notable Districts and Buildings — In- 
teresting Episodes and Facts About Each 3 

BROOKLYN ENTERTAINMENTS— 

Theatres — Opera Houses — Music Halls — Amateur Dramatic Socie- 
ties — Amateur Actors i6 

BROOKLYN'S SOCIAL LIFE— 

Its Clubs, _ Functions and Leaders — History of its Sets — All 
Merging ISi ow into Gay Harmony 22 

CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS— 

The Leading Social, Literary, Scientific and Political Organizations 
of Brooklyn — Their Character, Membership and Homes 30 

ARENA OF SPORTS AND PASTIMES— 

Summer Sports and Athletics— Yachting and Rowing— Horse Racing 
— Winter Sports —Indoor Games and Pastimes 43 

PARKS AND ROADS— 

Brooklyn's Pleasure Grounds — Prospect Park — Washington Park — 
The Great Parkways — Driving and Bicycling Roads of Brooklyn 
and Long Island 65 

ART AND ARCHITECTURE— 

Brookyln's Collections of Paintings- Its Statues and Monuments— 
A Review of the Architecturally Notable Buildings in the City- 
Greenwood's Mortuary Art 76 

GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS— 

How the PubHc Affairs of the City are Conducted— The Various 
Departments —Water Works, Bridges, etc 87 

FINANCE AND TRADE - 

The Independent Business Life of Brooklyn — Shopping and Trade 
Districts— Market — Financial Institutions — Manufacturing Interests 
and Localities gi 

THE HARBOR AND DOCKS— 

Brooklyn's Shipping Interests— Its Great Marine Basins a«d Dry 
Docks - Its Wharves, Warehouses and Grain Elevators— The United 
States Navy Yard. 103 



CONTENTS, 

PAGE 

MEANS OF COMMUNICATION— • 

The Post Office — Telegraph Service-^Telephone Service— Messen- 
ger Service 112 

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS- 

The Pubhc School System— Colleges, Institutes, and Academies — 
Schools ol Art, Music and Medicine — Libraries — Newspapers 126 

BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS— 

The Bureau of Charities— Public and Private Aid— Hospitals, Dis- 
pensaries. Ambulances and Nurses -Asylums for the Insane- 
Juvenile Asylums and Homes for the Aged— Reformatories and 
Day Nurseries— General and Special Rehef 141 

CHURCHES— 

Their Historical Associations— Choirs and Church Music— The Lead- 
ing Preachers — List and Location of Churches 153 

CEMETERIES— 

Description of the great Burying Places in and about Brooklyn 
— Incineration 172 

SUBURBS AND NEAR-BY RESORTS— 

The Towns and Villas of Kings County— The Great Watering 
Places on the Western end of Long Island— Long Island City and 
its Manufacturing Interests 182 

LONG ISLAND " 

Its Towns, Villages and Summer Resorts— Its Bays and Islands — 
Land and Water Sports - 193 

ALONG THE SOUTH SHORE— 

The Shooting, Fishing and Sailing along Great South Bay and the 
Atlantic — Summer Cottages and Merriment — The Clam Shell 
Road 197 

THE WEST OF THE ISLAND— 

From Roslyn to Oyster Bay — The Hempstead Barrens — Villages 
and Farms — The Cathedral of the Incarnation — Flushing and its 
Environs 207 

THE ISLAND'S CENTRE— 

The Beaches of Moriches— The Trouting in the Havens— The Land 

of Pines and the Headlands of the North Shore 215 

THE EASTERN END— 

The Hamptons and the Beaches to Montauk Point— Great and Little 
Peconic Bays— Shelter Island and Gardiner's Bay— Historic Land- 
marks and Episodes 225 

GAZETTEER OF LONG ISLAND— 

A complete List of all the Towns, Villages, Hamlets, Summer 
Resorts^ and Localities on Long Island, with distances from 
Brooklyn— Railway and Steamboat Fares, Stage Connections, &c. 
— L. I. Post Offices and Telegraph Stations 238 



CONTENTS, 

PAGE 

TRAVELLERS* GUIDE— 

Means of reaching and leaving Brooklyn— Its Surface and Elevated 
Railways— Hotels— Express Service— Piers and Docks— The Long 
Island Railroad — Steamboats, Stages and Ferries 255 

BROOKLYN STREET DIRECTORY 279 

INDEX 301 



I 

II 

III 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

X 

XI 

XII 

XIII 

XIV 

XV 

XVI 

XVII 

XVIII 

XIX 
XX 

XXI 

XXII 

XXIII 



XXIV 
XXV 



Index to Bird's~Eye Views and Maps. 

OPPOSITE PAGE. 

The Atlantic Basin, Brooklyn 4 

Fulton Street from the Ferry to Henry Street 14 

Fulton Street from the Bridge to Clarke Street. 26 

Fulton Street from Tillary Street to City Hall 38 

Fulton Street from City Hall to Gallatin Place . . . . 48 

Fulton Street from Lawrence to Gold Streets 62 

Fulton Street from Fleet Street to Flatbush Avenue 72 

Flatbush Avenue from Fulton Street to Atlantic Avenue'. *. . '. . '. 84 

Marcy Avenue from Adams to Bridge Streets . 100 

Prospect Park .- jo6 

Broadway from the Ferries to Wythe Avenue 116 

Broadway from Berry Street to Driggs Avenue 122 

Broadway from Roebeling Street to Marcy Avenue 132 

Broadway from EUery Street to Myrtle Avenue 140 

The United States Navy Yard j^o 

Grand Street from Bedford Avenue to Roebeling Street 158 

Greenwood Cemetery j55 

BETWEEN PAGES. 

Bird's-Eye View of Long Island — Flatbush — Flatlands — 

New Utrecht . . 170 & 171 

Bird's-Eye View of Long Island from Brooklyn to Jamaica 182 & 183 

Bird's-Eye View of Long Island from Jamaica to Garden 

City 194 & 195 

Bird's-Eye View of Long Island from Westbury to Smith- 
town 206 & 207 

Bird's-Eye View of Long Island from Ronkonkoma to 

Speonk 218 & 219 

Bird's-Eye View of Long Island from Westhampton to 
Sag Harbor, and from Easthampton to Montauk 
Point 230 & 231 

Street Directory Map of Brooklyn 250 & 251 

Brooklyn Surface Railroad Map 279 & 280 



A display advertisement is like the heading 
of an arti jle. 

A reading notice is the article itself. 

One may attract attention, the other holds 
it. 

A display advertisement says, " Come in 
and buy." 

A reading notice tells why a purchase should 
be made. 

The difference between the two forms of 
advertising is like that between a letter re. 
commenaitig goods and a traveller's interview 
with a customer. With a reading notice, the 
seller buttonholes the buyer. 

Always Provided 

The Reading Notice 

Is Properly Wr tten. 

The R, Wayne Wilson Company, 23 Park 
Row, New York City, know how to write 
reading notices properly. 



INTRODUeTION. 



Brooklyn has grown into greatness so unobtrusively that few even of 
its residents reaUze the nature of the miracle that has been worked on their 
shore of the East River. To say that Brooklyn's population has passed the 
million mark, that it is the fourth city of the United. States in population, 
wealth, manufactures and commerce, hardly conveys an idea of its im- 
portance and vastness. The multitudes still look upon Brooklyn as the 
home-half of New York. They ignore the fact that it has an independent 
life and would be a great city without the crowds who go to New York 
every business day and do their work on Manhattan Island. 

A very large proportion of the residents of Brooklyn have no more con- 
cern with New York than Philadelphians have. Their property, means of 
livelihood, homes and family and social ties are all on Long Island. In 
these citizens is Brooklyn's vitality, her strength and power. They attend 
strictly to their own affairs and care not if the outside world fails to observe 
the manifestations of their activity. Brooklyn in fact has distinct financial, 
commercial and manufacturing interests, and these are of vast extent. The 
real property of Brooklyn is assessed at $470,000,000, and is probably worth 
at current prices six hundred and fifty million dollars. In the ten years 
between 1880 and 1890 the number of factories in Brooklyn increased from 
5,201 to 10,561 and the capital employed from $61,646,749 to $125,849,053, 
the number of operatives from 47,587 to 103,683, and the value of the pro- 
ducts manufactured from $177,223,142 in 1880, to $248,750,184 in 1890. A pro- 
portionate increase in the amount of banking capital was also made. The pop- 
ulation almost doubled in those ten years and this rate of progress is being 
maintained. The number of houses in Brooklyn is not definitely known. The 
area of the city is about 57 square miles. It is proposed to extend this by an- 
nexing the adjoining towns, and ultimately no doubt the city limits and those 
of Kings county will De the same. With this object in view, all the streets 
and roads in the unannexed portions of the county have been laid out so 
that they will be continuations of Brooklyn's streets after which the new 
highways have been named. Thus annexation will bring little or no con- 
fusion, and as it has been discounted by all the real estate owners and busi- 
ness men whom it will affect, it will cause no economic derangements. 

Meantime, the vast and unexampled development of Brooklyn has bur- 
dened its local government with tasks of improvement and construction such 
as have seldom fallen to the lot of civic officials. Impatient citizens sometimes 
grumble because all parts of the city machinery do not run smoothly or at 
greater speed. To bring Brooklyn in a few years to as good municipal con- 
dition as New York could not be done without a rate of expenditure which 
the taxpayers would not tolerate. But marvels have been done and no 
city in the country has more to show for the money expended. It is un- 
fortunate perhaps that the improvements made have necessarily been scat- 
tered over a large area, but the time is within sight when all will dovetail 
and Brooklyn will be a city second to none in the country. As it is to-day, 



2 CITIZEN aUIDE. 

no citizen can feel ashamed. The municipal buildings are imposing, the 
roads good, the city properly drained and lighted and well supplied with 
water. Order is maintained and the persons and property of the citizens 
thoroughly protected. 

For the future, Brooklyn's prospects are very bright. Along her shores 
must be the natural extension of the great port of New York. Her prop- 
erty is steadily enhancing in value, her industries multiplying, her residence 
sections becoming more sought after. The scattered portions of the city 
are being brought into closer communication with each other by elevated 
and surface roads, the latter operated by electricity in several cases. Every 
indication of continued rapid growth is presented. Tunnels and bridges 
are projected and being built to overcome the salt water barrier which 
divides the city from the continent, and much of the travel from north to 
south and from Europe to America is destined to pass over the great rail- 
way system which now makes the whole of Long Island its tributary. 

As to the island itself , its development is along two distinct lines: in- 
dustrial on the north shore near Brooklyn and New York, and residential 
throughout the rest of the island. All the shore remote from factory towns 
is already studded with summer hotels and the cottages of the rich. Many 
of the latter have built substantial homes wherein they dwell all the year 
round. 

There are many picturesque sites overlooking the ocean or inland 
still unoccupied, however, and these are fast being taken up. All sorts of 
neighborhoods are to be found in the village towns that abound in the island 
— exclusive, democratic, quiet and gay. Of scenery, too, there is much choice, 
and even of climate. Ocean, infinitely changeable, makes the coast attrac- 
tive. There are the Sound shore and the great bays of still water for those 
who 'dislike the roar of the surf; there are inland lakes, forests, stretches of 
naked sand, scrub and sparse grass and meadows and hills carpeted with 
verdure. Every variety of sailing, from canoeing to yachting in ocean ships; 
of fishing, from angling for brook trout to swordfish spearing, of bird shoot- 
ing, of riding and driving, can be had. The details follow in their appro- 
priate chapters. What impresses one as being odd about the island are the 
contrasts presented between manufacturing hives, gay excursion resorts, 
luxurious country seats, and modest hermitages all within very short dis- 
tance of each other. The island is only iir miles long by 24 miles broad be- 
tween outside points. Its area is about i ,450 square miles. After Manhattan 
it is the most densely populated island in the world, having 828 residents to 
the square mile. The total population of the island is about i,2co,ooo, of 
whom over three-fourths reside in Brooklyn. In summer there is also a vast 
floating population, numbering perhaps a quarter of a million, drawn from all 
parts of the country by the surf and cool, strong air of the south and east coasts. 
Statesmen, bankers, merchants, brokers, lawyers, doctors, writers here re- 
new their vigor, and thus the island adds much to the prosperity of the 
nation. It seems to have been designed as the resting place and play- 
ground of the people. So it will always remain, except in its far western 
end, where business holds sway as imperious as its rule on the other side 
of the East River. 



HISTORIC LANDMARKS. 



Early History of Brooklyn — Notable Districts and Buildings — Interesting 
Episodes and Facts about Each. 



Brave though they were, the love of personal adventure was not a fea- 
ture of the character of either the Hollanders or the Walloons, who founded 
New Amsterdam. They preferred village life, and were slow to lay out 
farms beyond the stockade at the lower end of Manhattan Island. With 
much caution they made boat journeys m and out of the inlet that wound 
behind Red Hook, from the East River, and crept thence around to Gowanug 
Bay, and along the Long Island shore, back of Coney Island, to Jamaica 
Bay. Even more diffidently they approached the steep, dark face ot 
Ihpetonga (Columbia Heights), covered with big cedars up to its brow. They 
were broad-bowed fellows, reluctant to climb. Level land, cut up by 
creeks, and with abundant meadows, suited them best, reminding them of 
the flatness and wetness of Holland. 

Yet there were some, more venturesome than the mass, and it is tradi- 
tionary that these, even as early as 1624, had explored the cove of Meryc- 
kawick, as far as to the eastern side of the "bend," now known as Walla- 
bout Bay, and had gone thence up the Rennegackonck, that ran through 
salt meadows, delightful to them. And it is sure, although no written record 
of it is extant, that some of them began, prior to 1630, to lay out little farms 
at Meryckawick so;ith of the indentation where the shore tried to follow the 
droop of Ihpetonga to the lower and more sloping hills that ran to the east- 
ward. This is where Fulton Ferry now is. The settlers here intended to 
be wayfarers. Their ultimate destination was the Wallabout, but they were 
afraid to go so far without precaution; sothejr lingered, until bolder Dutch- 
men made settlements in other parts of the island, and used their locality 
as a means of approach to New Amsterdam, thereby making it advantage- 
ous not only for them to stay, but for others to join them. 

In 1636 the first patents for land within the present limits of Brooklyn 
were granted by Governor Kieft to William Adriaense Bennet and Jacques 
Bentyn. The land extended from the present line of 27th street in Gowan- 
us, as far as the present New Utrecht line, and comprised 930 acres. Ben- 
net soon acquired absolute ownership of it, and built his manor-house about 
where 27th street crosses Third avenue. This house was destroyed by the 
Indians during the war precipitated by the cruelty and rapacity of Governor 
Kieft in 1643. The next patent was procured in 1637, by Joris Jansen de 
Rapalje, for 335 acres of land within the "bend of Meryckawick," westward 
from the west side of the Rennegackonck, now known as Wallabout Creek 
or Canal. Exactly why this region is known as the Wallabout, is hard to 
determine. By some it is said to mean "the shore or beach of the cove;" 
by others, "the bay of the foreigners," whijp still others insist that it means 
"the bay of the Walloons," from the fact that Joris de Rapalje and his 
family were Walloons. Even de Rapalje was reluctant to go to this region 
for years after he had procured his patent, and it is probable that he did 
not settle there until about 1646. In the year prior to that date, Brooklyn 
was really founded; for it was then that Jan Evertsen Bout settled in what 



4 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

were known as the "maize lands of Meryckawick, on the kill of Gowanus." 
This had been a favorite honie of the Indians prior to the war of 1643, and 
when, as the result of that conflict, they were either exterminated or driven 
farther into the island, the Dutch, led by Bout, took the land for themselves. 
Huyck Aertsen, Jacob Stoffelsen, Peter Cornellisen, Joris Dircksen and Ger- 
rit Wolphertsen Van Couwenhoven, were the principal of the followers of 
Bout, and with him they established the village of Br.euckelen, in the neigh- 
borhood of where Hoyt and Smith streets now meet Fulton street. They 
acted under the advice of the Colonial Council, that the Hollanders should 
follow the example of the English, and establish villages, instead of keeping 
together in or near New Amsterdam. The name of their settlement they 
took from a town in Utrecht, Holland. 

On May 21st, 1646, Jan Evertsen Bout and Huyck Aertsen were chosen 
Schepens of the village "to decide all questions that may arise," and in 
the following month the Colonial Council commissioned them and empow- 
ered them to select two or more persons to assist them in the labor of gov- 
ernment, should they find that labor too onerous. They evidently did find 
it too onerous. In a few weeks they appointed Jan Tuinessen as the 
Schout, or constable, or sheriff. 

In 1638, the West India Company, through Governor Kieft, bought 
from the Indians all that part of Brooklyn east and southeast of Renne- 
gackonck Kill, and extending to the present Newtown. A few settlers soon 
went there to live on the creeks that ran in from the East River, and, per- 
haps as early as 1642, they erected a block-house on the headland about 
where the foot of South Fourth street now is. This bluff was known as the 
"Keike" or Lookout. Desiring to keep in sight of New Amsterdam, they 
sought, in 1660, permission to lay out a village on the "Kieke," but this w^as 
refused them by the Colonial Council. It was not until 1661 that a vil- 
lage settlement was made on the land purchased by Kieft in 1638. The 
privilege to establish it was then given to some Swedes and Frenchmen, 
who were out of sympathy in religion with the sturdy Dutchmen. It was 
made in the neighborhood of where North Second street and Bushwick av- 
enue now join, and was called Boswijck, that is, the "town of the woods.' 

These settlements of Gowanus, Breuckelen on the "maize lands," the 
Ferry, and Boswijck or Bushwick, were the beginnings of the present great 
city of Brooklyn. 

The Old Ferry. 

It is impossible in a brief narrative, such as this, to make a tour of so 
great a place, pointing out all the spots of historic interest. We will, there- 
fore, take a rapid run, noting on the way such places and things as are of 
special attractiveness. Let us begin at the "P'erry," which was for many 
years the real centre of life and activity in Brooklyn. Even prior to 1636, 
there was a boat-ferry, maintained by Cornelius Dircksen, to Peck Slip from 
what is now the corner of Fulton street and Elizabeth place, for in those days 
the beach ran in from the present bulkhead line, making a deep cove. A 
settlement speedily sprang up in the neighborhood of the ferry, mainly on 
the east side of the road, and lai^s were laid out, whose lines are now fol- 
lowed by Front and Water streets on the east, and by Doughty street on 
the west. There was also a lane, afterward known as Everit street, which 
ran diagonally from the present corner of Columbia and Doughty streets, 
to the line of Furman street, which was then the beach. It was along this 
beach that communication was kept up for years between "The Ferry" and 



BOTTLING. 



W. A. WISDOM, Pres. 



JOHN W. BROWN, Treas. 



I^ ong Island Rottling Co* 

SOLE BOTTLERS OF 

"Black Label" Lager — "Braunschweiger Mumme" Malt Tonic, 



"Gilt Edge" Ale— "Diamond Brand" Brown Stout. 




The Trade, Hotels and Families Supplied. 

IJVRITE FOR PRICE LIST. 

280, 282 9 284 Ber(§(^p Street, 
Telephone 307, Brooklyn. BROOKLYN. 



HISTORIC LANDMARKS. 5 

the settlements of Frederick Lubbertsen, on the neck lying between Gowan- 
tis Kill and the East River, and of Adriaense Bennet at Gowanus. Lub- 
bertsen's Neck took in all of what is known as South Brooklyn, excepting 
the Red Hook region, which was taken in 1638 by Governor Van TwiUer, 
who was the first of our official land grabbers. After the establishment of 
the community in the present neighborhood of Smith, Hoyt and Fulton 
streets, a narrow road was broken from there to "The Ferry." This path, 
for it was hardly more, was widened in 1704, and is now Fulton street. From 
Breuckelen, also, a path was broken to the Gowanus Kill, and one to, and 
through, Lubbertsen's Neck to Red Hook. A part of the latter yetremains 
in what is known as Red Hook lane, which runs out of Fulton street be- 
tween Boerum Place and Smith street. 

The big bridge overshadows what was known as "The Ferry" for years. 
In fact, that structure has in great part crushed out the place, and as one 
wanders there now, between Fulton and Main streets, and York street and 
the river, he can get no idea of what it was. The people had small holdings, 
and up to the Revolution their houses were bunched on Front street or in the 
small lanes that afterward became known as Dock, James, Mercein and Garri- 
son streets. They were a happy-go-lucky lot, heavy of head, obstinate, and in- 
clined to hard drinking. A wedding or a funeral were alike opportunities 
for revelry. It was the ambition of every man to procure a cask of wine, 
which should in part be consumed at his wedding, and finally be disposed 
of at his wake, for wakes were a part of their customs, and at them pipes 
and wine or schnapps were served without stint. This custom continued 
in vogue among their descendants until a late date. Rev. Evan M. John- 
son, whom many Brooklynites can yet remember as the "Dominie John- 
son" who was so ready to perform a marriage ceremony, was a powerful 
factor in doing away with it. Indeed, his willingness to marry, when no- 
tice had not been given of their intention by the parties to the ceremony, 
was the result of his desire to stop the drinking which always accompanied 
public functions. 

Most of the land near "the ferry" on the east side of "the ferry road," 
and extending almost to the Wallabout, came into the possession, prior to 
the Revolution, of Jan, or John, Rapelje, grandson of the original patentee at 
the Wallabout. His home was at the corner of Front street and Fulton 
street, just above the Corporation House, a building owned by the munici- 
pality of New York, which was used as an inn, the fish dinners in which 
were the pleasure of the British officers and are dilated upon in many a 
diary yet extant on the other side of the "big water." Attaching to John 
Rapelje is a specially interesting historic fact. He was a Tory, 
and, when the British left the country, he was banished, although it was 
admitted that "he had an honest heart and never oppressed a Whig." It 
is said that he took the Dutch records of Breuckelen with him to Eng- 
land, where he died. Some years later his descendants came here and 
made an unsuccessful attempt to recover his estate. When they returned 
to England they took away all their papers, and it is believed that among 
them was the original Dutch patent for the entire town of Breuckelen. 
Whether it was or not, it is almost certain that there was such a patent, 
for, by inference, rights conveyed by it were confirmed by a patent issued 
by the English Governor Nicolls on October i8th, 1667, which included 
Gowanus, Bedford, Wallabout, and "The Ferry" in the town of Breuckelen. 
These rights were again confirmed by a patent, granted by Governor Don- 
gan, on May 3d, 1686. 



6 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

A great part of the land owned by John Rapelje was bought by 
Comfort and Joshua Sands, for twelve thousand four hundred and thirty 
pounds sterling, in 17S4. It extended from Gold street to Fulton street. 
Joshua Sands hved in a mansion m Front street, at the corner of Dock street. 
Opposite there, on the south side of Front street, in Mrs. Chester's long 
coffee-room, pubhc entertainments were first given in Brooklyn, other than 
those given by British officers during the Revolution. "Yankee" Hill was 
the entertainer, and was famous in his day. In later years the drama had 
a temporary resting place in the Brooklyn Museum, and the variety stage 
long flourished, with the accompaniment of drinks and pretty waiter girls, 
in Burtis's Varieties. The Brooklyn Museum is yet standing at the north- 
west corner of Orange and Fulton streets, and the building in which Bur- 
tis's varieties flourished is at the northwest corner of Pineapple and Fulton 
streets. Dramatic performances were also given occasionally at the Brook- 
lyn, or Military Garden, kept for many years by the Du Flon family, on the 
site of the County Court House. In this garden the reception to Lafayette 
was held in 1824. 

"The Ferry" section of Brooklyn had no church until 1785. It is be- 
lieved that Philip Embury, and that vahant one-eyed exhorter, Captain 
Webb, of the British Army, made occasional trips over from New York, 
after founding the John Street M. E. Church there, and preached in the 
open air, after the manner of the Salvation Army enthusiasts. But this is 
a matter of tradition. As matters of history, we know that in one day, in 
1785, Woodman Hickson put a wooden slab over a barrel-head at a point in 
the present Sands street, nearly opposite the lower corner of that street and 
Fulton street, and that he there preached and pounded until he interested 
a number of his hearers. Among them was Peter Cannon, the cooper, and 
thereafter the Methodists met in his cooper-shop, near the foot of the Ferry 
Road, until 1794, when they built a church about where Hickson planted 
his barrel. The Sands street M. E. Church stood there until within a few 
years ago. The East River Bridge caused its abandonment and destruc- 
tion. On the lower side of Sands street^ at the corner of Washington, in 
a handsome grove, stood St. Ann's P. E. Church from 1808 until only a few 
years before the Bridge usurped its site. It was named for Ann Sands, the 
wife of Joshua Sands. Fashionable St. Ann's-on-the-Heights is its successor 
m lineage. How little thought of the great future of Brooklyn the early 
residents had is shown by the fact that the cemetery of St. Ann's was laid 
out along Fulton street, opposite Clark street, and was maintained there 
until the city was built far beyond it, audit had become a bleak, dismal, 
rubbish-strewn plot, where from time to time practical jokers, with weak 
minds, used to "play spook" to interest and terrify the crowds of passers-by. 

It was, by the way, on this cemetery plot that the first Episcopal 
Church stood. An Episcopalian congregation was organized in the house 
of Marvin Richardson, where Charles Johnson's resort for "sports" now is, 
at the corner of Fulton and Middagh streets, in 1784. The Independent 
Meeting House, on the plot of which we have been speaking, having been 
taken possession of by creditors, the Episcopahans succeeded to the owner- 
ship of it, and worshipped there until they built in Sands'street. 

But we have moved some distance from the "Old Ferry" m our discus- 
sion of the churches. Let us go back, stopping for a moment about mid- 
way between High and Nassau streets in Fulton street. Here, until May, 
1832, stood the Van Syclen House, as it was called, an ancient structure, 
which in 1752 sheltered the Colonial Legislature when that body fled from 



HISTORIC LANDMARKS. 7 

New York in fear of the smallpox, then raging there. It was the head- 
quarters of Gen. Israel Putnam, who commanded the patriot forces on Long 
Island in 1776. Its oaken timbers blunted many a modern implement 
when it was torn down, and most of those timbers were used in the con- 
struction of the houses now standing on its site. Only a short distance be- 
low, at the junction of Main and Fulton streets, and running back a quarter 
of a mile, were the British army's work-shops during the Revolution. Main 
street was then but a path, leading up from the big tulip tree on the river 
bank — a favorite resort for picknickers. This wide-spreading tree was par- 
tially hollow, so that eight persons could stand comfortably within it. 'J 'he 
picknickers used to cook in it. One day some of them forgot to put out 
their lire, which attacked and destroyed the tree, much to the regret of 
those who used to resort to it and to enjoy themselves cheaply but as 
satisfactorily as the wealthy club men enjoyed themselves over the river at 
the famous Belvedere, on the hill near Corlear's Hook. 

Main street was not opened until 1795, and was then named New Ferry 
street, because of the ferry then established there — now Catharine Ferry. 
Prior to that date there had also been a ferry from the foot of Joralemon 
Hill to Coenties Slip. But it was of little account, as most travelers prefer- 
red the livelier journey by way of the "Old Ferry," and for some time after 
the steamboat began to run in 18 14 the "Old Ferry" was a practical mo- 
nopoly. One block down Main street, and you reach York street, a direct 
passage from Fulton street to the main entrance to the United States Navy 
Yard. To your left, as you look toward the river, and nearer to Fulton 
street, is, or was, an irregular space. Here was for years the principal 
market of Brooklyn. A market was established at "The Ferry " as early as 
1675; and in later years one was held near the New (Catharine) Ferry. 
Both were abolished in 1884. Brooklyn was incorporated as a village on 
April 12th, 1816, with boundaries as follows: From the foot of Joralemon 
street to Red Hook Lane, thence to the Jamaica Turnpike, thence to the 
Wallabout Poncl and the East River. The villagers soon desired a village 
hall, and proposed to build one with a market underneath the offices of the 
village authorities. It was not until 1826 that they undertook to carry this 
plan into effect. The irregular space through which York street now passes 
\vas selected as the site of the hall and market, and then the authorities 
undertook to open away to it from Fulton street; but they met with an ob- 
stacle, which confronted them for years, in the person of Jacob Patchen, a 
leather-breeched, slow, conservative old Dutchman. He lived in an ancient 
shingled house, with its gable end to the street, situated just where Market 
street had to run; and he chose to live there, luxuriating under the shade of 
the big locusts that stood in front of his house, and careless of what seemed 
to others the need of public improvement. When the authorities con- 
demned his land they were unable to make a tender of the money to him. 
After playing hide and seek for a long time, they went to his house with a 
cart loaded with 6,750 silver dollais, of which to make a public offer; but 
Jacob had escaped and evaded the offer. They, therefore, invaded the 
house, sold it by auction, and when fat Jacob sought to hold the dwelling 
against all odds, they had him carried out. The courts again put him into 
possession of the land, although the house had been torn down, and Mar- 
ket street had been opened and paved. He built a fence across the street, 
and a small house, in which he lived, and started the fight afresh. The 
public had by this time got used to making its way to the market through 
Market street, so they tore down the fence and kept it down, against all 



8 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Jacob's protests. But he kept up the fight until he died, in 1840, or 
for more than fourteen years, and finally the City of Brooklyn, which had 
been incorporated on April 8th, 1834, was compelled to pay for his land 
more than double what had been originally fixed as its value. Opposite 
where old Jacob's house stood a narrow, dark lane runs from Fulton street 
to Poplar street. It used to be known as Buckbee's Alley, but is now known 
as Poplar place. The old hay-scales stood there, and on its roof was the 
first fire-bell owned by Brooklyn. At the head of the alley, in Poplar street, 
was Poplar Hall, a great resort for dancers fifty years ago. It is now the 
Newsboy's Home. 

From the Heights to the Kavy Yard, 

The easiest way to reach the plain on the top of Ihpetonga — "The 
Heights" — is from Fulton street by way of Hicks. Until you arrive at 
Cranberry street there is no place of special interest. There, turn to your 
left, and in the middle of the block, on the south side of the street between 
Hicks and Henry streets, is where the first Presbyterian Church was erected 
in the City of Brooklyn in 1822. Its site is now occupied by the Sunday 
school of Plymouth Church, whose congregation was so long ministered to 
by Henry Ward Beecher. On the comer of Henry street formerly stood 
the Apprentices' Library. The City Armory _ succeeded that edifice, and 
during the war was the scene of constant activity and interest. From there 
the famous "red legged devils" of the Fourteenth Regiment went to 
the front. There the Thirteenth Regiment had its beginning, and at vari- 
ous times other State military organizations have been quartered there. 
Opposite to it, in Henry street, is the old Firemen's Hall, the scene of many 
a lively time in the days of the Volunteer Fire Department; and around the 
corner from Firemen's Hall, at Orange and Fulton streets, is the old Brook- 
lyn Museum, where the Twenty-third Regiment was organized. Pass 
down Orange street to the brow of the "Heights," and you get, through the 
fence of a little park laid out on the top of a building in Furman street far 
below, a magnificent view of the harbor. You are now where the British 
officers used to enjoy themselves to the top of their bent during the Revo- 
lution. It was on this plain they raced their horses, baited bulls and had 
festivals of various kinds. Just above here, at Clark street, the patriots 
erected a battery in the Spring of 1776. It is probable that the terrace, on 
which now stands the house of Henry C. Bowen, at Clark and Willow streets, 
is a part of the elevation of that fortification. The British maintained the 
battery there throughout their occupancy of Long Island. 

This was for many years, and is yet, the "sweU" residential part of 
Brooklyn, although many boarding-house keepers have crept in. Here yet 
live the Lows and the Pierreponts and many other families, whose names 
have been identified with the progress of Brooklyn. All the land here, lying 
between Court street and the river, Atlantic avenue and Clark street, passed 
into the possession of Joris Remsen, son of Rem Jansen Vanderbeeck, in 
1706, and he built a mansion on the brow of a rocky promontory, just south 
of the present Remsen street, or about where the Prentice house has been 
in recent years. The Remsen mansion was occupied as a hospital by the 
British. In later years it was tumbled from its lofty situation, down into 
Furman street, where it long stood. Philip L. Livingston, a member of 
the Continental Congress, became possessed of a part of the Remsen estate 
about the middle of the eighteenth century. He built a mansion near where 
Montague and Hicks streets now cross, which, for its day, was the most 



HISTORIC LANDMARKS. 9 

magnificent in the neighborhood of New York, and perhaps in the country. 
The gardens about it were the finest in America. The woodwork in it was 
carved, the ceihngs of every room were ornamented, and the marble chim- 
ney pieces were all sculptured in Italy. Like the Remsen house, it was 
used as a hospital by the British. It became the property of Teunis Jorale- 
mon in 1803. It was to be moved to make way for the opening of Hicks 
street, and the fine carving in it had all been taken down and packed, when 
it took fire and was destroyed with all its contents. Joralemon street will 
now lead you straight to the City Hall and County Court House. The City 
Hall was planned m 1834 on a magnificent scale. Its cornerstone was 
laid on April 20th, 1835. The work of construction went on until the panic of 
1837 paralyzed every kind of business. After ten years of delay its con- 
struction on a diminished scale of architectural grandeur was begun again 
and carried on to completion. It is but a short walk from the City Hall 
through Fulton street, lined on both sides with magnificent stores, to 
where the old village of Breuckelen was established in 1646. Here in the 
middle of the roadway (Fulton street), between Smith and Hoyt streets, 
stood the first Dutch Church. Prior to 1659, Brooklyn was ministered to by 
the Rev. Joannes Theodorus Polhemus, who also preached at Midwout 
(Flatbush), Amersfort (Flatlands) and Gravesend. In that year the people 
of Brooklyn, for various reasons of inconvenience, petitioned Governor 
Stuyvesant for leave to procure a minister from Holland, and as a result, 
the Rev. Henricus Selwyn was installed at Brooklyn, in 1660. His preach- 
ing soon became famous in the colony, and Governor Stuyvesant agreed to 
pay part of his salary if he were allowed to preach occasionally in his chapel 
in the Bowery, which is now known as the Episcopal Church of St. Mark's. 
Two years later the people of Brooklyn insisted upon having Mr. Selwyn 
to themselves, and in 1666 they built for him the first Dutch Church — a 
square edifice, with thick walls and high, narrow windows. It was a damp, 
dark and gruesome building, but it continued to be used until 1810, when 
the highway was widened and repaired. Then a new church was built on 
Joralemon street, near the corner of Court, where the congregation of the 
first Dutch Church continued to worship until very recently. ' 

Passing on a short distance, to where Flatbush avenue runs from Ful- 
ton street, you reach the southeastern-most limit of Brooklyn, as it was 
when incorporated as a village in 1816. It is impossible now to follow the vil- 
lage line, which then skirted the hill on which is Washington Park, or Fort 
Greene, and crossed the country to the western bank of the Rennegackonck 
and the eastern limits of the original estate of Joris de'Rapalje on the 
southern shore of the "bend" of Meryckawick. This is true historic ground. 
Along this "bend" from the Rennegackonk to Marchwyck, the headland 
which marks its western limit, were buried thousands of patriots whose 
lives had been sapped in the noisome prison-ships. Out in the Walla- 
bout lay, from 1776 until the close of the Revolution, the prison-ships 
Jersey and Whitby, and a number of others from time to time. Several of 
these others were burned, and many prisoners of war found in the flames a 
happy release from the slow death by suffocation, starvation and general 
misery which they had been undergoing. It has been estimated that 
eleven thousand persons died on the prison-ship Jersey alone. How many 
died in all is only a matter of conjecture. For years their bones were crop- 
ping out of the meadows and headlands. In 1808 the Tammany Society 
of New York, moved by that patriotic feeling which has always character- 
ized it, had the bones of many of them disinterred, and buried them in thir- 



10 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

teen immense coffins in a mausoleum erected on the eastern side of Hud- 
son avenue, which runs on the ridge of Marchwyck. This headland was 
thereafter known as Martyrs' Hook — a corruption of the name of Martyn's 
Hook, which very naturally resulted from the fact that Jan Martyn, one of 
the original proprietors of the headland, was easily forgotten, while the 
m.emory of the martyrs of the prison-ships must always remain fresh. 

If you wish to visit the Wallabout region, you may take, at Fulton av- 
enue, opposite the mouth of Flatbush avenue, an elevated railroad train 
which will carry you to Myrtle avenue and Bridge street, from where, after 
two transfers, you may arrive within a short distance of the entrance to the 
Navy Yard from Navy street. You are now in the centre of the Fifth 
Ward, or "Irishtown." It is a rude change from one to the other, but Irish- 
town was originally a part of Olympia. When Joshua and Comfort Sands 
bought the land of John de Rapalje in 17S4, they laid it out in streets and 
plots, and called it Olympia. John Jackson, who owned much land adjoin- 
ing theirs, and running to the southeastward, joined them in the enterprise. 
But it was a slow movement, so, after the Irish revolution, Jackson made a 
bold bid to get Irish refugees to settle on his land. He called an eminence 
on his land Vinegar Hill, after the place of their last fight at home, and his 
plan succeeded. The Irish flocked to him. But an enmity grew up be- 
tween them and the Dutch at the Wallabout, and continued alive between the 
people of the two sections — particularly the young men and boys — until the 
Volunteer Fire Department went out of existence. Even to the present 
day there is a restraint in the relations between the people who live north 
and those who live south of Concord street. City Park, up to which Con- 
cord street runs at Navy street, used to be a great battle ground for the 
"Bucks" of Irishtnwn who "ran with Seven Engine," and the "Forty Acres" 
who "ran with Five Engine." In this park the dastardly murder of the 
Spaniard Don Jose Otero by his treacherous fellow-countrymen took place on 
Nov. 23, 1S65. "Irishtown" has always been a turbulent neighborhood. Dur- 
ing and for years after the war it was not uncommon to see United States 
troops surrounding sections of it, while Internal Revenue officers were 
raiding illicit distilleries, which abounded there. The strange name of 
"Forty Acres" had its origin in the fact that the predecessors of the bellig- 
erents who prided themselves on it lived on or near the forty acres of land 
along the Wallabout sold to the United States Government for a navy 
yard site by John Jackson in 1801. 

The Navy Yard will well repay a visit. It is filled with things of inter- 
est connected with the past, and instructive respecting the present. Leave 
it by wa}'- of the Flushing avenue exit, and pass up Cumberland street to 
Myrtle avenue. There you will find Washington Park, or Fort Greene. Its 
latter name comes from the title of a fortification erected in 18 14. A Revo- 
lutionary predecessor of this defensive structure was known as Fort Put- 
nam. The eminence on which Washington Park is laid out has never 
been the scene of conflict, yet it is more intimately than any other part of 
the city associated in the minds of most of our citizens with the idea of war. 
One reason for this is the fact that the bones of the martyrs of the Revolu- 
tionary prison-ships are in this park, in a vault on the side of the hill facing 
the comer of Myrtle avenue and Canton street. They were removed from 
the Hudson avenue mausoleum, which had fallen into ruin, on Jtme 17, 1873. 

Brooklyn's Battle Field. 

When it became apparent early in the year 1776 that the British pro- 



HISTORIC LANDMARKS. 11 

posed to make Long Island the place from which to send expeditions to 
crush the rebellion in detail, Generals Lee, Putnam and Greene preceded 
Washington hither. They first built Fort Defiance on Red Hook, a bat- 
tery on Governor's Island, and Fort Stirling at Columbia and Clark streets. 
These were to combat the British fleet. Then, beginning with Fort Put- 
nam, they built a line of defences across the narrow neck that separates 
the Wallabout from Gowanus Kill. These defences were, starting from the 
Wallabout: a redoubt on the hillside just to the northward of where 
Cumberland street and Myrtle avenue cross; Fort Putnam, on the top of the 
hill; a small oblong redoubt on the southwestern slope of the hill, about 
where DeKalb and Hudson avenues meet; Fort Greene, a star-sh aped 
structure mounting six guns, east of the present line of Bond street and 
between State and Schermerhorn; Fort Box (named after Major Box of 
Gen. Greene's staff), a diamond-shaped structure about Pacific and Bond 
streets; and a redoubt on the hill where Co.urt street and Atlantic avenue 
intersect. The last mentioned hill was known locally as Punkiesberg, but 
the patriot soldiers who had t)een at Boston dubbed it Cobble Hill, from 
its likeness to an eminence near that city, The fort here was built to check a 
rear attack from the East River side, or a flanking movement by way of 
Gowanus Cove. It was peculiarly constructed, with trenches running spi- 
rally from the bottom to the summit of the hill, and was commonly known as 
the Corkscrew Fort. Besides these defences there was a small redoubt at 
Degraw and Bond streets, commanding a mill-dam on Gowanus Kill. So 
the village of Brooklyn was well defended on the land side. 

To defend the approaches to the Jamaica and Bedford Roads, which 
led to the village, the greater part of the patriot army was thrown out 
along the ridge of hills which runs from the Narrows to the eastward, with 
the special duty to guard the coast road and the Flatbush and Bedford 
(Clove Road) passes. The British, who had crossed the Narrows from 
Staten Island to Fort Hamilton, then knowm as De Nyse's Ferry, on Au- 
gust 22d, 1776, soon learned of the occupancy by the Americans of the 
hills and of the passes already mentioned. For three days they skirmished 
in a desultory way. On the night of August 26th the British began to 
move forward from New Utrecht in three columns — one along the coast 
road to Gowanus, and another — composed of Hessians — to the front of the 
American position at Flatbush. The third, made up of the main body of the 
British Army, and commanded by General Howe, with Sir Henry Clinton, 
Lord Cornwallis and General Percy as aids, made its way to East New York, 
through the Jamaica Pass, which had been left unguarded, and by way of 
the Jamaica road to the left flank of the American position. As soon as 
this body began the attack on the flank and in the rear, the other two col- 
ums assailed the Americans in front. The fight began at three o'clock on 
the morning of the 27th of August. By two o'clock in the afternoon it 
was ended in a decided defeat for the patriots. But, raw and untried as 
they had been, they had proved themselves able to cope with veterans. The 
British, with the advantage of a surprise, lost as many in killed and 
wounded as the jiatriots. Prospect Park is hallowed ground, for it was the 
scene of the greater part of the fighting done in the first great battle fought 
after the Americans declared independence to be their aim. Not less holy 
is the ground from 23d street and Third avenue to Gowanus Creek, where 
Lord Stirling, with his brave Maryland and Pennsylvania regiments, main- 
tained an unequal fight for hours. 



12 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Gen» Putnam was in command of the patriot army in the fight. "Wash- 
ington was in New York. When his defeated forces arrived within the Hne 
of intrenchments he took command and made arrangements to repulse the 
enemy, who, apparently, made ready to build intrenchments for them- 
selves and to advance by degrees. Their headquarters was at Baker's 
Tavern, afterward known as Bull's Head, about where Atlantic avenue 
and Fort Greene place now meet. After some skirmishing in the neigh- 
borhood of Clinton, Vanderbilt and DeKalb avenues, and after two days of 
heavy rain upon his unsheltered men, Washington and his advisers, at a 
council of war held in the Cornell-Pierrepont house, situated where Monta- 
gue street and Montague Terrace cross, decided to abandon Brooklyn. This 
decision they carried into effect on the night of August 2gth, without arous- 
ing the suspicion of the British. When the latter awakened on the morning 
of August 31st the forts confronting them were untenanted. They entered 
Brooklyn speedily, and for seven years thereafter made Long Island their 
base cf supplies. Having strengthened the lyie of fortifications built by 
the Americans, they projected an inner line, the main feature of which was 
a fort 150 feet square at Pierrepont and Henry streets. The remainder of 
the line was an earthwork running over to the brow of the Heights, and a 
series of works, with connecting trenches, stretching from the fort across 
Johnson, Concord, Nassau, High and Sands streets to the Wallabout. The 
fort was built but the connecting works were not. 

The original fortifications were reconstructed in 1814 by the voluntary 
labor of the citizens of Brooklyn. Old Fort Putnam was then christened 
Fort Greene, which is yet the popular name of the eminence on which it 
stood. Even the redoubt on Punkiesberg or Cobble Hill, at Atlantic avenue and 
Court streets, was then rebuilt, and its trenches and terraces remained until 
District street wasbroadened and lengthened into Atlantic avenue. In 1836 
the Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad, starting from South Ferry, cut through 
the base and core of Cobble Hill. The tunnel then made was closed about 
thirty years ago. But only its ends are filled up. The last time public at- 
tention was called to it, was when ±he revenue officers discovered that some 
enterprising illicit distillers were making whiskey in it. 

They Emulated Gargantua. 

While the British were in New York they made Long Island their 
special resort for amusement. For hard drinking and good eating no 
place was more attractive to them than the " Corporation House," or, as it 
was variously known to them, "The Kings Arms " or Brooklyn Hall. This 
was a building on the old ferry road below the Rapelje mansion, about the 
middle of the block between Front and Water streets. It belonged to the 
city of New York, which then claimed jurisdiction over the Long Island 
shore as far as the high-water mark. It was always an inn, and in the time 
of the Revolution was kept by one Loosley, a bitter Tory, but a good cook, 
whose fish dinners were the delight of the British officers. Loosley also 
kept a tavern at Ascot Heath, or Flatlands Plain, where the " red coats " 
raced their own horses, or the best stock they could procure from the farm- 
ers of Long Island, New Jersey and Connecticut. Between racing at Ascot 
Heath, fox-hunting toward Hempstead, and bull-baiting on the Heights, 
they prepared themselves well for the good things that Landlord Loosley 
set before them in the " Kings Arms." Loosley was a clever advertiser in 
his way. He lost no opportunity to tell his little world what good things 
he had to serve ; 'and if ever an opportunity came to illuminate his house. 



HISTORIC LANDMARKS. 18 

or otherwise express his extreme loyalty, he never failed to improve it. One 
of the most interesting of his methods of advertising is still extant in a 
newspaper which he called " The Brooklyn Hall Super-Extra Gazette." 
This was the first newspaper printed in Brooklyn. It was a sheet of dingy 
letter-size paper, very closely printed, and made up of matter showing the 
merits of the Tory cause and of his own establishment. A copy of it is m 
the Lyceum in the Brooklyn Navy Yard. 

The impress of the thirsty British was put upon the character of " The 
Ferry " deeply enough to stay there for many years. Besides the " Corpo- 
ration House," there sprang up many less aristocratic drinking places, and it 
was long afterward a question whether there was a better reason for visit- 
ing " The Ferry " than to get a drink. Indeed, the embryonic " City of 
Churches " was in the past a cluster of dram-shops. In 1 796 there was one 
tavern-keeper to every four persons living between Fulton and Main streets. 
In 1822, when the village of Brooklyn had 7,500 residents, there were 
ninety-six places where liquor was sold. There were then four distilleries, 
or one for less than two thousand people, men, women and children. Now that 
this city has over 900,000 people, there ought to be, if the ratio had kept up, 
nearly five hundred distilleries here. In 1826 the excise fees amounted to 
$3,627. In the same way these fees ought now to be one hundred times as 
large, or $362,700, but as one dollar in 1826 could buy as many of the neces- 
saries of life as three dollars now, the real sum, to be proportionate, should 
be $1,088,100. Yet this hard drinking of our predecessors — which used to 
be done by the Dutch at home before the British soldiers caused the establish- 
ment of tap-jrooms — need not be considered to their discredit. They were 
used to liquor, and they were not light-witted people, likely to be made 
either hilarious or quarrelsome. Besides they had but narrow roads to 
reel in and many a fence to cling to. The "Ferry Road " was so narrow until 
1817, when it became Fulton street, that a drunken man could stagger from 
side to side without falling for lack of a house or a fence to support him. It 
was not until 1848 that Fulton street acquired its present width. The op- 
portunity to widen it was procured through the great fire of September 9th, 
in that year, which burned over the territory bounded by Pineapple, Con- 
cord, Sands, Fulton and Henry streets. 

The Eastern District. 

Our discourse has been altogether about what is now known as the 
"Western District of Brooklyn. The Eastern District, formerly called Wil- 
liamsburgh, has but a meagre history. From the purchase of the land east 
of the Wallabout by Governor Kieft in 1638, and the estabHshment of the 
town of Bushwick, to which we referred in the beginning of this sketch, 
that region was slumbrous, its restfulness being broken only by occasional 
forays by the patriots from Westchester or Connecticut during the Revolu- 
tion. The name of Boswijck or Bushwick, "town in the woods," was coined 
b}^ old Peter Stuyvesant, when he visited the settlement in March, 1661. He 
then conferred certain town privileges upon the community, and appointed 
Peter Janes Wit, Jan Cornells Zeeuw, and Jan Tilje to be its magistrates. 
From its beginning until 1700 there was no church in Bushwick. Most of the 
settlers were Lutherans. The Dutch did not allow them to have a minister 
not of the Reformed Dutch Church, so they went without one. But Dutch 
families entered among them, and had services in their houses from time to 
time, whenever a preacher could be procured from New York, Brooklyn or 
Flatbush. About 1705 the first church— Dutch Reformed— was built be- 



14 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

tweeii Busliwick avenue, North Second street, Humboldt street and Skill- 
man avenue. 

Besides being not markedly religious, Bushwick was from the begin- 
ning incHned to rebellion. It resented the methods of Peter Stuyvesant, 
and he had prepared himself to discipline it when the English wrested his 
domain from him. Throughout the English period the Bushwickers were 
restless. When the news of the dowlifall of James the Second reached 
them, they celebrated the event with great enthusiasm. They were also 
eager for the Revolution. Theodorus Polhemus, whose descendants are 
yet well-known citizens, represented them in the provincial congresses. 
During the Revolution they were kept in order by Hessians, who were 
quartered on them. 

Greenpoint, or Cherry Point, was a part of Bushwick, but was so re- 
mote from the village that it was even more slumbrous. In 1833 Dr. Eli- 
phalet Nott and Keziah Bliss bought thirty acres of the Peter Meserole farm 
and laid the land out with streets. The first house was built there in 1839, 
in India street, by John Hillyer. 

Williamsburgh is the offspring of an unsuccessful speculation. In iSoo 
Richard M. Woodhull, a New Yorker, conceived the idea of establishing a vil- 
lage near the old ' * Lookout, " through which the produce of Long Island should 
go to New York, instead of by way of Brooklyn. After much difficulty 
with the conservative ^farmers, he bought thirteen acres of land in the 
neighborhood of the foot of the present North Second street, laid them out 
in city lots, and named the place Williamsburgh, after his friend Colonel Wil- 
liams, of the United States Army, who surveyed it for him. He estab- 
lished a ferry from Corlears Hook, and sold a few lots. But he did little 
else, excepting to fail in 1811. Thomas Morrell, of Newtown, had mean- 
while laid out twenty-eight acres to the eastward, between North Second 
and South First streets, and dubbed his place Yorkton. He likewise start- 
ed a ferry from the foot of Grand street to Corlears Hook, Yorkton was 
the more prosperous for years, but finally Woodhull's ferry was 
benefited by the opening of turnpikes to it. Williamsburgh then became 
known over the island, and the fame of Yorkton departed. Williamsburgh 
grew, and its prosperity was assured when, in 1819, Noah Waterbury built 
a distillery at the foot of South Second street, and earned the title of "Father 
of Williamsburgh." Then David Dunham acquired interests in the vil- 
lage, established a steam ferry and erected a school house. This was in 
1S20, when Williamsburgh had a population of 934, of whom nearly a quar- 
ter were colored. Rope walks and more distilleries were started later on. 

The village of Williamsburgh was incorporated on April 14th, 1827, 
with these boundaries; beginning at the bay or river opposite to the town 
of Brooklyn, and running thence easterly along the division line between 
the towns of Bushwick and Brooklyn to the land of Abraham A. Remsen ; 
thence northerly by the same to a road or highway at a place called 
Sweed's Fly (Note — probably Swede's Vley, or valley); thence by said high- 
way to the dwelling house late of John Vandervoort, deceased; thence in a 
straight line northerly to a small ditch or creek against the meadow of John 
Skillman; thence by the middle or centre of Norman's Kill to the East 
River; thence by the same to the place of beginning. By the charter Noah 
Waterbury, Abraham Meserole, Louis Sanford, Thomas T. Morrell and 
John Miller were appointed village trustees. Miller declined to serve. At 
the first election, held November 5th, 1827, the same persons were elected 
trustees, with the exception of Miller, for whom Peter C. Cornell was sub- 




I. FULTON STo FEOM FERRIES TO HENMYSI 



PAPER AND WOOD PULP, 



I he Olen iManufacturing L/o, 



I he HaverhiH r aper L/o. 



~^ 



NEWSPAPER 



AND 



WOOD PULP. 



Boston Office: 

Globe Building. 

New York Office: 

Tribune Building. 



HISTORIC LANDMARKS. 15 

stituted. Then came a period of speculation in land, which finally ended in 
bankruptcy for many who had blindly sought fortunes. The general panic 
of 1837 made them its victims. Prosperity did not begin to appear again in 
Williamsburgh until 1844. In the meantime the villagers gave their atten- 
tion to establishing churches and improving the educational opportunities 
of the community, of which Bushwick was made part in April, 1835. 

When a new wave of prosperity came into their view, the people of 
Williamsburgh sought civic rights. After much wrangling they procured 
the passage by the Legislature of a city charter, on April 7th, 1851. In the 
following November they elected their city officers, and their charter went 
into effect on January ist, 1852. Dr. Abraham J. Berry was the first Mayor 
of Williamsburgh. William Wall was the second and last. He was a dog- 
matic and pugnacious man, who made a fortune in ropemaking. He took 
office on Jan. ist, 1854, and soon became embroiled with the Aldermen. 
As they would not do as he wished, he vetoed almost every ordinance they 
passed. His vetoes in the year he held office were afterward collected in a 
volume of more than one hundred octavo pages. Being unable to force the 
Aldermen to do his will, he favored the consolidation of Williamsburgh 
with Brooklyn, and his influence was largely instrumental in causing the 
passage of the act of consolidation, which went into effect on January i, 
1855. 

East ]N^ew York and New Lots. 

In 1852 the town of Flatbush was divided and the town of New Lots 
was created. In this town were four villages, viz: East New York, Browns- 
ville, New Lots and C3rpress Hills. Its history is not of great interest, ex- 
cepting so far as it revives memories of the march of the British through its 
territory to surprise the patriots on August 26, 1776, of the bloody riots that 
drunken soldiers used to indulge in when they were quartered on the plain 
now covered by East New York, during the war of the Rebellion, or of the 
lively times the lovers of trotting had in the days of long ago, when they 
spurted through the drives of the town, on their way to John I. Snediker's, 
or Hiram Woodruff's, or to the Union, or the Centreville Course. In those 
trotting days, when Flora Templeor George M. Patchen was the attraction 
to the Courses, the roads were thronged with light wagons or sulkies, driven 
by "whips" who all insisted upon showing the merits of their "nags," no 
matter who or what they drove over or against. But Hunt-a-fly Road is no 
longer in the minds of the people. Clove Road is only a historical fact, and 
few now living knew the joys of Ben Nelson's hostelry at Flatbush, or the 
delights of Holder's at Bedford. Union Course, built upon the site of 
Centreville, is practically forgotten, and John I. Snediker and Hiram Wood- 
ruff have long been gathered to their fathers. The old town of New Lots is 
now a part of Brooklyn, having been annexed, and labeled as the 26th 
Ward in 1887. 

Thus compactly, yet with some degree of amplitude, without which this 
would be but a summary of events and a series of dates, the endeavor has 
been made to give here the history of Brooklyn. It is not a romantic tale, 
but the story of the life-time of a city, which, beginning with a foundation 
of thrift, honesty and conservativeness, lias been built up to greatness 
by the efforts of its citizens, inspired by public spirit and the love of home. 



BROOKbYJM ENTEf^TAlNMENTS. 



Theatres — Opera Houses — Music Halls — Amateur Dramatic Societies- 
Amateur Actors. 



In a city of homes like Brooklyn, where there is no considerable ''float- 
ing population," the character and quality of the public entertainments may 
be fitly said to represent the character and quality of the people. Proba- 
bly there is no other city of its size in the world in which the people do so 
much to amuse themselves, and depend so little upon professional enter- 
tainers. The musical and dramatic amateur finds genuine appreciation in 
Brooklyn, and the church entertainments, in particular and private theat- 
ricals for the benefit of church societies and charities, bring this talent fre- 
quently and conspicuously into play. Brooklyn has more than her share 
of musical societies, some of them of national reputation, while in the 
matter of amateur dramatic clubs she has no rival on the face of the earth. 
The "Thespian Society" did not originate in Brooklyn, of course, but its 
vogue has been carried here to a limit unheard of in other cities. Where- 
fore, in taking up the subject of public entertainments in Brooklyn ama- 
teur theatricals come first into the mind. 

The amateur actor exists, in more or less repute, in every American 
city, but in Brooklyn he positively dominates. In the last twenty-five 
years the fame of the Brooklyn amateur has spread over the whole coun- 
.try. Why Brooklyn, more than any other large city, should have taken 
to private theatricals with so much energy, it would puzzle and take an 
experienced student of manners to determine. Brooklynites have the 
New York theatres at their very doors, and they have long had modem, 
well-equipped playhouses of their own in which the best of the current 
plays are performed by the best actors in the season. But the recent 
growth of theatres in Brooklyn has not in the least retarded the growth of 
amateur theatricals, and in the dramatic forces of the many societies, 
whose monthly receptions and performances are social events of acknowl- 
edged importance, many professional actors and actresses of distinction 
have had their artistic beginning. 

Before the organization of the famous and still thriving Amaranth in 
1870, the amateur actors in Brooklyn, though numerous, enthusiastic and 
reasonably ambitious, were not so conspicuously in evidence as they after- 
ward became. They had few regular performances, and generally ap- 
peared in public only for the benefit of some local charity. The old Athe- 
nseum, at Clinton street and Atlantic avenue, was the scene of most of their 
exploits, while the less ambitious among them found publicity enough to 
satisfy them at Sawyer's Hall, over the music store of Chas. Carroll Saw- 
yer, author of war songs and once popular sentimental ballads, at Fulton 
and Jay streets. The Athenaeum was then much as it is now, and was con- 
stantly in use for all sorts of entertainments, assembly balls, and meetings, 
as well as concerts and dramatic entertainments. Sawyer's Hall was a 
veritable toy theatre, with a tiny stage raised a foot or. so above the floor 
level of the audience room, a line of twinkling little foot-lights, a painted 
curtain on a slow revolving and wheezy roller, and a few miniature interior 



BROOKLYN ENTERTAINMENTS. 11 

and exterior scenes that could only be put properly into place by the con- 
sumption of much time, labor and patience. When the pioneer amateur 
actors of Brooklyn did not use either of these public halls they exerted 
their influence in the back parlors of private residences. 

The Amaranth came into existence suddenly and brilliantly. It had a 
large membership, and its dramatic corps in the beginning included men 
and women who might have made a mark on the professional stage. 
John H. Bird, John Oakey, Chas. Bamburgh, Henry W. Pope, the Messrs. 
Hardenberg, Leonard W. Moody, Dr. T. A. Quinlan, W. T. Lusk, Fanny 
Foster, Mr. and Mrs. St. George and Chas. W. Thomas were among its 
first tragedians and comedians. Its monthly entertainments in the spa- 
cious Academy of Music, followed by dances in the assembly rooms, drew 
out the best society of the Heights and the Hill, and were revelations of 
the ability and enthusiasm of the amateur actor. Then began the pro- 
tracted period of extraordinary activity among the dramatic amateurs of 
Brooklyn. Dozens of smaller societies sprang up, and the Brooklyn Ly- 
ceum, a little theatre in Washington street, became their chief abiding place. 
This had a real stage, a seating capacity of 500, suitable scenery and a 
•'greenroom." The Lyceum w^as forgotton long ago, but the Amaranth, 
as has been said, still survives, having been the progenitor of other socie- 
ties now equally well known, of which the Kemble and the Gilbert are the 
largest in numbers and the foremost in importance. The Criterion Thea- 
tre, a well-equipped and handsome playhouse on Fulton street, opposite 
Grand avenue, is used almost exclusively for the receptions and entertain- 
ments of those organizations that do not care to play in the big Academy. 

I he following is a complete list up to date of the different amateur 
dramatic societies : Amaranth, Amphion, Ariel, Amateur Opera Associa- 
tion, Armstrong, Adephi Alumni, Alpine, Assumption, Holy Name Booth, 
Barrett, Bedford Union, Bijou, Barrymore, Confraternity Sacred Heart, 
Caledonian, Claudian, Columbia, De Long Council Minstrels, Entre Nous, 
Elliott, Florence, Fidelia, Gilbert, Hawthorne, Irving, ItaHan South 
Brooklyn, Jerome, Jefferson, Kendal, Leonardis, Lafayette, Laurence, 
Laurel, Lutzover, Lyric, Lester, La Salle, Melpomene, Mantle, Midwood, 
Newspaper League, Nepenthe, Perseverance, Philomathean, Parvows, 
Portia, Rakes of Kildare, Roja, Salvmi, St. Peter's, St. Ann's, Young Men's, 
St. James' Young Men's, St. Augustine's Holy Name, South Brooklyn, 
Swedish, St. John's Young Men's, St. Thomas' Young Men's, St. Paul's 
Young Men's, Ulks, Visitation Young Men's, Lyceum, Vincentian, Warde. 
Xavier, Young Men's of St. Francis de Sales, Young Men's Sodality, Young 
Men's of Our Lady of Victory. 

Amateur actors who have achieved distinction are Messrs. Frederick 
Bowne, W. P. Macfarlane, Adam Dove, C. T. Cathn, J. J. Darling, Douglass 
Montgomery, Burt G. Cole, H. C. Edwards, W. J. Moran, Albert Meafoy, 
Ernest Jacobson, William Dinsmore, H. W. Noble, W. T. Harris, Frank 
Norris, H. J. Stokum, John E. Irwin, W. W. Butcher, Chas. Arthur, and 
J. F.^Dyer; Misses Marie Lamb, Dorothy Dearborn, Carlotta Cole, Mamie 
T. Cole, Ella G. Greene, Edith Elwood, Mary Farley, Blanche Krisler, 
Ehse Louis, Sloat, Butcher, Healy, Turner, Webster, and Paige; Robert 
Hilhard, Edith Kingdon (now Mrs. George Gould), Blanche Bender (now 
Mrs. Joe Jefferson, Jr.), Nellie Yale Nelson, Alice Chapin Ferris, Ada Aus- 
tin, Ahce Sheppard, Rose Barrington Clarke, Pauline Willard, Grace Gay- 
lor Clarke, Mamie Bender. C. H. Canfield, Norman Campbell, Willard 



^® CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Dalton George Sammis, Miss Billings, Mrs Bucklev Frp,1sr,vv c„ .1 
James Wilson, C. De Milly, Bert Andr'ews, and a ho^t oUesser Ltte 

are no^ ag5d° to t?v'4l*''" =»"«««= are vaneS and ambitiout They 
7u .''^, f'^'f'd to try bhakespeare and other English classirs The,, „Z ' 
the rights to present the most popular modern plays Llte^v som7 ^^l" 
societies have produced original plavs of some mll\t r^^^ T °' "^^ 
are well managed and the plays are ^ca?efu°l v stSS tL P'^^^ances 
ant entertainment for man^ th^ousanrof KSes ^ ^""""^ P'"^^" 

Chur^h'is t^ CZ ^"SlTr ^Ll\^euT't"aiSn^ °^ ''"■^ ^''^ °' 
t"hntS^^a?Sitt'?i?ri5S^ e'^lrrrS^f^?-^-^"^^ «-"^^^^ 

rheldTnt^Lrrx.TroC^^t ilS- S^P-^Jnl TS!^!^ 
made with rare iud^ment 3 f' . APr?^'"''"l'^^^ °^ which are 

ihe history of the Brooklyn dramatic stage has never been writto„ 

subiecf W^"°'^^'''!r''2 ^^f°™'^ f°^ an^fnte?esting volume on that 
vears 'Rrnntf n?™"'''^" ''^^ ^°'"^"y ''ad a stage of its own for many 

IP fo^iSt^l—Lrfoii^i^^^^^^^^^^^ 

theTerrfboats har?o' ^?lf '^^^ ■ '' ^^"\^^ ^^' ^°^^ ^^^^er nights! when 
W n^y cfo "" ""fx,^® *^^i^ w^y through fields of ice and limber- 

fefries anri T' ,^^? ^K ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ conveyance betweeT the 
sf and fh. .^T.^^^^^'^- • y^i Wallack's, at Broadway and Thirteenth 
ni'^htlv oonH. y PJiiicipal New York theatres, always had their S?ge 
nightly contingent of appreciative Brooklyn theatre-eoers There wS 

asXf whe^n'rl^'^T?"''^ " '"^^ ^^°^k ^«^P^-y in Bfooklynis longTgo 

ters opened th^^prrt ^h^r^' ^ T?.°^ '^^^^ ^^"^^^ ^^ theatrical^mft^ 
LCI b open ea tne l^ark Theatre, on Fulton st., opposite the Citv Hall PnrV 

Jpp'o ntmentrioSI 'TJ '''^" "' '"^''^ "'^if ^"^ in^te'deco'^a^i'ons'^aSi 
appointments would not compare very well with the snaoioiiQ mori«-r« 

Co^nry" 'thVTa?k"'lhSe4r^^^' '^ ^°'- "^^^ s'°n ' BuTunrlS 
WtoteJ''plly~%'-H^^^^^^^ 

River, though many of them would not admit the fact 



BROOKLYN ENTERTAINMENTS. 19 

Hooley's Opera House, at Court and Remson streets, was the home of a 
capital minstrel company in those days, and a little later Donnelly's Olym- 
pic, a variety theatre altered from a church, on Fulton street, near Hoyt, 
came into existence. The Brooklyn Theatre, at Washington and Johnson 
streets, was opened by Mrs. Conway in 1872, and the Park was thereafter 
managed for a time by A. R. Samuells, who brought the auditorium 
down to the street level and lost money by trying to compete with 
Mrs. Conway, though he had a very good stock company. The burning of 
the Brooklyn Theatre, December 5th, 1S76 (after Mrs. Conway's death, 
arid the final disbandment of the last of the Brooklyn stock companies), is 
a catastrophe inevitably recalled by any allusion to the local stage, but it 
need not be dwelt upon in a chapter upon public entertainments at the 
present day. The theatre erected on the same site a few years later, and 
since torn down, was never popular for obvious reasons. Yet that terribly 
fatal fire was the indirect cause of the establishment of a new and still 
popular place of amusement in Brooklyn. There was a market on Adams 
street in 1876, with an L-shaped extension opening on Fulton street at the 
time of the theatre fire, and it occurred to two shrewd men, with ex- 
perience as amusement purveyors, that the spot had a fascination for the 
general public. They secured a lease of the Adams street part of the 
building, and established a variety hall there with which they laid the 
foundation of large fortunes. Hyde and Behman's theatre of to -day is the 
second structure on the old market site, fire having destroyed the first. 

Near the site of the ill-fated Brooklyn Theatre, at Washington and 
Tillary streets, stands the newest, and, in some respects, the handsomest 
theatre in Brooklyn, the Columbia, built in 1891, and managed by Edwin 
F. Knowles & Co., Mr. Knowles' partners in this scheme being Daniel 
Frohman, of the Lyceum Theatre, New York, and Al. Hayman. Mr. 
Knowles is also manager of the handsome Amphion Academy, in the 
Eastern District. Col. Sinn's new Park Theatre, already mentioned, has 
the best site of any Brooklyn playhouse, and is equipped with the best 
modern appliances both on the stage and in the auditorium. These three 
houses are visited by all the best actors and companies in America, foreign 
and native, and in them Brooklynites can see the plays of the hour done 
^precisely as well as they are done in New York and London, in respect to 
acting, scenery and stage management. 

In another new and skillfully managed house, John W. Holmes' Star 
Theatre, Jay street near Fulton, popular stars and combinations also appear, 
while the Grand Opera House, on the site of the old Elm Place Congrega- 
tional Church, is another favorite resort of well-bred folks. All the 
Brooklyn theatres are necessarily conducted on the " combination "plan to- 
day. There are only four or five permanently established dramatic com- 
panies in the United States. Actors are now engaged for the run of plays, 
beginning in New York, generally, and then continuing in all the principal 
cities ; or else they are employed in the support of travehng stars. The 
stock companies of Daly's Theatre, the Lyceum, the Empire and Harri- 
gan's Theatre in New York, however, appear every year in Brooklyn, and 
no resident of this city ever need go to New York to see Joseph Jefferson, 
Helena Modjeska, Henry Irving, Sara Bernhardt, E. S. Willard, W. H. 
Crane, Stuart Robson, Richard Mansfield or any other famous star under 
the best possible auspices. In fact, the whole world of theatricals comes to 
the Brooklynite, if he is willing to stay in his own beautiful and thriving 
.nty and wait for it. A complete alphabetical list of the theatres, music 



20 ; CITIZEN GUIDE. 

halls and lecture rooms in the city of Brooklyn is aj5pended for easy refer- 
ence : 

Academy of Music, Montague St. near Court. Controlled by a board 
of directors of the stockholders; H. K. Sheldon, president ; J. J. Pierrepont, 
secretary. Music, the drama, social gatherings, public meetings, etc. 

Amphion Academy, Bedford Avenue near South Ninth Street, E. D. 
Owned by the Amphion Musical Association, leased by E. F. Knowlqs for 
dramatic performances. 

Art Association Galleries, Montague and Clinton Sts. Exhibitions 
of paintings and works of art by the Brooklyn Art Association. 

Association Hall, Fulton and Bond Streets, in the Young Men's 
Christian Association building. Lectures, concerts, etc. 

Athen/eum, Atlantic Avenue and Clinton Street. Theatricals, con- 
certs and lectures. 

Avon Hall, Bedford Avenue near Fulton. Theatricals, concerts and 
lectures. 

Bedford Avenue Theatre, South Sixth St. near Bedford Ave., E. D. 
Dramatic performances. 

Bedford Hall, Bedford Avenue near Fulton St. Concerts, lectures 
and amateur theatricals. 

Columbia Theatre, Washington and Tillary Sts. Managed by E. F. 
Knowles & Co. fo/ dramatic performances. 

Conservatory Hall, Bedford Avenue and Fulton Street. Music. 

Criterion Theatre, Fulton Street and Grand Avenue. Amateur 
theatricals. 

Everett Hall, Gallatin Place and Fulton Street. Lectures and 
music. 

Gayety Theatre, Broadway and Throop Avenue. Variety perform- 
ances. 

Grand Opera House, Elm Place near Fulton St. Dramatic perform- 
ances. 

Grand Theatre, i66 Grand Street, E. D. Variety performances. 

Historical Hall, Pierrepont and Clinton Sts. , in the building of the 
Long Island Plistorical Society. Music and lectures. 

Huber & Gebhardt's Casino, io Elm Place. Variety performances. 

Hyde & Behman's Theatre, Adams St. and Myrtle Avenue. Variety 
performances. 

Jefferson Hall, Boerum Place near Fulton. Lecture, meetings, &c. 

Knickerbocker Hall. Clymer St. near Lee Avenue, E. D. Lectures, 
meetings, etc. 

Lee Avenue Theatre, Lee Avenue near Division Avenue. Dramatic 
performances. 

New Turn Hall, Sixteenth St. near Fifth Avenue. Amateur theat- 
ricals, music, etc. 

Park Theatre, Fulton St. opposite the City Hall. Managed by W. E. 
Sinn for dramatic performances. 

Lyceum Theatre, Montrose Avenue, comer of Leonard St., E. D. 
Dramatic performances. 

Proctor's Novelty Theatre, Driggs Avenue near South Fourth St., 
E. D. Dramatic performances. 

Rink, Clermont Avenue near Willoughby. Festivals, revival meetings, 
ba^d concerts, etc. 



BROOKLYN ENTERTAINMENTS. 21 

Rivers' Assembly Rooms, 143 South Eighth St., E, D, Music and 
social gatherings. 

S.^NGERBUND Hall, Smith and Schermerhorn Sts. Music. 

Smithsonian Hall, Greenpoint and Manhattan Avenues. Lec- 
tures, etc. 

Star Theatre, Jay St. near Fulton. Managed by John W. Holmes for 
dramatic performances. 

Turn Hall, 71 Meserole St., E. D. Private theatricals, music, etc. 

In addition to the theatres and places of amusements above mentioned, 
the following are the public halls in Brooklyn: Acme, cor. 7th Ave. and 9th 
St.; Adelphi, cor. Adelphi St. and Myrtle Ave.; Allemania, 313 Washing- 
ton St. ; Americus, Grand St. bet. Driggs and Bedford Ave.; American, Ham- 
burg St, cor. Greene Ave.; Arcanum, 407 Bridge St.; Arlington, Gates and 
Nostrand Aves. ; Armory, Myrtle and Clermont Aves.; Anon, Wall St. near 
Broadway. ; Arvena, 9th St. and 6th Ave. ; Assembly Rooms, Washington 
near Myrtle Ave. ; Assembly Rooms, 19th St. cor. 5th Ave. ; Association, 
253 Manhattan Ave., Atlantic, 137 Court St. ; Aurora Grata Cathedral, Bed- 
ford Ave. cor. Madison St. ; Bartholdi, Greenpoint near Manhattan Ave. ; 
Bennett's Casino, Alabama and Fulton Aves. ; Cecilian, Herbert cor. N. 
Henry St.; Central, 351 Fulton St.; Chandler's, 300 Fulton St.; Colfax, Bed- 
ford cor. Vanderbilt Ave. ; Columbia, Union St. cor. 5th Ave. ; Common- 
wealth, 317 Washington St.; Co-operative, Howard Ave. and Madison St.; 
Cooper, Cooper St. and Bushwick Ave. ; Day's, cor. 3d Ave. and 54th St. ; 
Daly's, 9th Ave. and 20th St. ; Eckford, Calyer cor. Eckford St. ; Eureka, 37c> 
Bedford Ave. ; Feltman's Tivoli, 5th Ave. and 2d St. ; Fifth Ave. Casino, 
Fifth Ave. near L^nionSt. ; Granada, 128 Myrtle Ave.; Grand Army Hall, 
Bedford Ave. cor. N. 2d St.; Greenwood, 5th Ave. cor. 9th St.; Gospel 
Gates Ave. near Marcy; Happ's Neptune, Liberty Ave. and Wyona St., 
Heiser's Assembly Rooms, Broadway near Bedford Ave. ; Humboldt, Hum- 
boldt St. and Montrose Ave. ; Liberty, East New York Ave. ; Masonic Tem- 
ple, Grand cor. Havemeyer St. ; Matthews, Leonard cor. Scholes St. ; Mes- 
erole, 125 Meserole St.; Maujer's Casino, Maujer St.; Myers, cor. Union and 
Johnson Aves.; Military, Leonard cor. Scholes St.; Moore's, 5th Ave. cor. 23d 
St. ; New Everett Assembly Rooms, Bridge cor. Willoughby St. ; New Brooklyn 
Turn, Sumpter St. near Saratoga Ave. ; Pouch Gallery, 345 Clinton Ave. • 
Palace Rink, Grand St. near Berry St.; Park Circle, 9th Ave. cor. 15th S: 
Remsen, Court cor. Remsen St.; Reese's, 217 Court St.; Renwar, Wil- 
loughby Ave. and Broadway. ; Ritter's, 83 Barclay St. ; River's Academy, 
State cor. Court St. ; Robinson's, Gates Ave. and Downing St. ; Saenger- 
bund, Meserole cor. Ewen St. ; Schiellein's, Atlantic cor. Vermont Ave.; 
Templars', 467 5th Ave.; Teutonia, Harrison Ave. cor. Bartlett St. ; Tietjen's, 
154 Broadway; Tivoli, 8th St. bet. 3d and 4th Aves. ; Tuttle's, 228 Grand St.; 
Tossing, Reid Ave. and Jefferson St. ; Union Ssenger, Ewen and Mese- 
role Sts. ; Veteran, 123 Smith St. ; Veteran, 92 Meserole St.; Washington, 
Myrtle Ave. cor. Navy St. ; Washington, 831 Broadway; Waverly, Waverly 
and Myrtle Ave. ; Weinlander's Academy, 290 Court St. ; Wilbur, Fulton St 
and Brooklyn Ave.; Wigwam, 4th Ave. near 19th St.; Wurzler's,3i5 Wash- 
ington St. 



BROOKLYN'S SOClAb LIFE. 



Its Clubs, Functions and Leaders— History of its Sets— All Merging now 

Into Gay Harmony. 



To understand fully and completely the complex organization of Brook- 
lyn society as it is to-day one needs to have lived in a country town and to 
have studied its conditions. Within the past ten years social life in Brook- 
lyn has become metropolitan, but its evolution has been that of the village, 
grown at last out of its childhood. Its society is the most peculiar phase of 
Brooklyn life, for its growth and its advancement have been unique. Briefly 
put, in 1870 Brooklyn socially was a collection of little ex-towns or districts, 
fighting among themselves for supremacy, and all envious of the set on the 
site of the old village along the water front. The year 1 893 sees these elements 
beino- fused together and the sectional lines becoming obliterated. 

New York, from the days of good old Peter Stuyvesant, had a distinct 
social standing of its own. It was a city even in those times when Wall 
street marked the line between farms and streets. But on this side of the 
river the conditions were just the reverse. In 1834 the village of Brooklyn 
was incorporated as a city; in 1855 the towns of WiUiamsburgh and Bush- 
wick were added to it, welding the scattering districts into a harmonious 
whole. The population in i860 was over a quarter of a million, its com- 
merce was well advanced, its water front was the center of as busy a life as 
America can boast of. But, in spite of this material prosperity, the social 
life remained town-like, and a few old families in a single section held the 
real keys to it. 

As the Dutch took Holland many years ago, so did they take Brooklyn. 
Nassau Island— that was what Long Island was called at first- was settled 
by Mynheer and his vrauw, who built and farmed over the whole of what is 
now Kings County. Their descendants retain much of the same land even 
to-day. There are farms on the outskirts of the city— in New Utrecht, 
Canarsie and Flatlands— that have come down to their present owners in 
an unbroken line. The English domination of Manhattan Island had httle 
effect upon these Dutch settlers. Phlegmatically they submitted to the 
authority of the Duke*of York, and quietly kept on planting and digging. 
The English soldiery, busy with the affairs of the town across the river, did 
not find it worth its while to bother with this farming community. 

So, rather shut off from the outer .vorld, the Dutch founded Kings 
County, and the little cluster of houses about what is now the foot of Fulton 
street became the nucleus of Brooklyn town. Before the Revolution the 
village amounted to barely more than a country "crossroads" of to-day. 
In 1790, after Independence was declared, it numbered only 1,600. But 
about this time the "boom" began. Ten years later the population had in- 
creased one-half , and in 1820 it footed up to over 7.000. Twenty years 
after the town — now a city — was five times that size. 

Until the Revolution, the old Dutch families made up all that there was 
of Brooklyn and of the County of Kings. These old memories are still pre- 
served in'the annual dinners given by the St. Nicholas Society of Nassau 
Island, an association 300 strong, with its membership limited to those 



BROOKLYN'S SOCIAL LIFE. 23 

descended wholly or in part from the Dutchmen who lived on the Island 
previous to 1786. Even after the "foreign element" came in, the Dutch 
continued to hold the social reins, and remained in a sense "patroons" and 
the "aristocracy." 

Society at tirst was essentially the society of a rural community. In 
the old Dutch days the chief amusement and dissipation was that of tea 
drinking, which, if the historians tell the truth, the men entered into as 
heartily as the women. It seems somewhat of a return to those times when 
it is recalled that afternoon teas are the most popular of Brooklyn amuse- 
ments to-day. The custom of interchanging visits on Sunday afternoons 
was prevalent, and swains and belles found the Sabbath the time to make hay 
in matters of wooing. Marriages were then civil affairs and times of great 
display. Publicly proclaiming the banns had fallen into, disrepute, but it 
was necessary to get a license from the Governor before a \vedding could 
take place. As far back as 1673 an officer was stationed in New York (his 
jurisdiction extending over the whole of Long Island) his sole duty being 
the determination of matrimonial disputes. He was known as the "First 
Commissioner of Marriage Affairs," and the office was kept up for many 
years. 

The amusements of the town and country folk at these times were" 
many and various. Special days and seasons were observed with much hi- 
larity. Christmas was kept after the fashion of "Merrie England," with 
the Yule log and the Christmas candles. But it was the patron St. Nicholas, 
or Santa Klaes, that came the nearest to their hearts, and there is one cus- 
tom of that season that has never been omitted or lost its force in the slight- 
est, since the day the first white man landed on Nassau Island — that of 
hanging up the stockings on Christmas eve. 

The custom of New Year's calls, which, during the eighteen-seventies, 
was carried on in Brooklyn with an opulence and an enthusiasm co-equal 
with that on Manhattan Island, also originated with the early Dutch. The 
Dutchmen, however, made a far greater affair of it. New Year's eve was 
made noisy by the firing of guns, elaborate refreshments were served, and 
later people trooped to a common rendezvous where a gala night was made 
of it. There were athletic sports, all manner of games and shooting at the 
target. This revelry was finally stopped by legal enactment. Society to- 
day has cufe off New Year's as a time of visits, and very many people spend 
the mid-winter holidays at the winter resorts, for which dozens of small 
parties are made up, and the only way the social world recognizes that season 
is when the chimes of "Watch Night" cahs it into the churches. 

St. Valentine's Day was known as "Vrouwendagh," and was an hour of 
high carnival. The maidens carried lengths of cord, knotted, and gave the 
young men "love taps". as they passed. The custom of "Valentines" arose 
some years later (it can hardly be traced to Dutch sources, however) and be- 
came both expensive and extensive before it went finally out of date. 

Easter Day — " Paasch — " a time of religious service and merrymaking, 
was continued through Easter week, with its chief feature the presentation 
of Easter eggs. The first Monday in June was observed as a time of great 
good cheer. "Pinckster Day " (Pentecost) was celebrated with banquets of 
soft waffles. 

^ After the beginning of the Ninteenth Century the Dutch began to lose 
their individuality. A strong little town was growing up at their feet. 
Brooklyn itself was younger than the rest of the county. Flatlands had 
been settled in 1636 under the name of New Amersfoort, Gravesend in 



24 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

1640, Gowanus and Wallabout in 1646. Neither Gowanus nor Wallabout 
can fairly be included in the first settlement of Brooklyn. That was around 
Fulton Ferry, and as the town grew it extended up along the line of Ful- 
ton street, then a cow path, until, at the inauguration of the city government 
in 1834, City HaU Square marked its boundaries. Beyond that all was field 
and wood. 

These historical details are needed to show the lines along which 
Brooklyn society has evolved. From early in the century until i860 the 
social life was in a state of transition. The village grew, and it became a 
great city commercially, but still the village life remained. Foreign ele- 
ments poured in — chiefly the English and New Englanders — taking the edge 
off of the Dutch customs and finally destroying them altogether. In the new 
Brooklyn — the Brooklyn of progression — two elements became at once most 
pronounced, the Quakers and the New Englanders, It was a working town, 
a town of mechanics and poor people, and the days of society were yet to 
come. It needed the second and the third generations of these old Brook- 
lynites, with wealth and local family at their backs, to start a social life. 

The Dutch farmers for the most part remained quietly among them- 
selves. A fusion of these elements had to come, but it has taken many 
years. It is gradually growing more complete. There are old families on 
the edges of the county to-day who hold themselves aloof from the life of 
Brooklyn and who will never come into the city life until the city reaches 
them. 

In the eighteen-twenties Brooklyn came into her " Lyceum Days." It 
is a stage that every city, except those magically built ones of the new 
West, experiences, and Brooklyn's " Lyceum Days" do not differ from those 
of any other town. But they have this point of especial interest to-day, that 
in 1829 the Hamilton Literary Society was founded. From 1S30 to 1870 
nearly every prominent man was at some time a member of this good old 
debating association. In the forties and the fifties it was very strong and 
powerful. Its public meetings, when it gave them, were most essentially 
social red letter nights. It gathered together a library that is now of ex- 
ceptional value and interest, and then, about 1882, when Brooklyn had come 
fully into her own socially, surrendered to the new motif of the city's life 
and became the Hamilton Club. The Hamilton, though, was not by any 
means the first of these social organizations, nor the beginning of the city's 
club life. Late in the fifties the old Long Island Club was started. Active 
politics proved its ruin, and from its debris was formed the Brooklyn Club. 
A touch of politics, but not a distasteful one, clings around this latter or- 
ganization. Like the Hamilton, its rolls are crowded with prominent names 
and the two vie with each other in point of exclusiveness. 

Through all these "Lyceum Days" the social life was sporadic and 
without distinctiveness. There was no time, and there was still less money. 
The great New York merchants, who later on planted themselves on the 
Heights, and with their sons and daughters started a society that has lived, 
were then at the very beginning of their careers. The Lows and the 
Lymans, the Pierreponts, the Whites, the Prentices, the Sangers, the Pol- 
hemuses, the Litchfields, and many more, were at that time families to be 
made. The whole of the city could then have been compressed — this in 
1840 — into less than what the Second and Fourth Wards now occupy. There 
was a scattering fringe along the base of the First Ward. The "aristocracy" 
of the town was massed together on Sands street, and Brooklyn Heights. 
"Clover Hill," as the early villagers called it, was simply a bluff, with a 



BROOKLYN'S SOCIAL LIFE. 25 

magnificent view, without a house, so far as history tells, and covered with 
a grove of cedar and locust. Yet this was where the Brooklyn society of to- 
day was born. 

The war was the real starting point of the social life of Brooklyn. 
Fashion had set itself upon the Heights, the houses of the New York mer- 
chants, wealthy now, overlooking their warehouses, filled with the precious 
products of the East. The leading lights of the East India trade were 
gathered here, and many of those who had not already made fortunes, 
literally coined money while the war lasted. Nearly "everybody," in a 
social sense, lived in this part of the town during the sixties. The Bedford 
section and the Park Slope were merely fields and meadows. If there were 
"aristocrats" in the Eastern District they certainly did not come over to 
the Heights, and they had no society of their own. A few fine semi-country 
mansions stood on Clinton avenue, and were occupied by some charming 
people. But very few of them were bidden into Heights parlors and the 
Hill "set" was not yet. But about 1865 the region around Clinton and 
Washington avenues became much sought after. In an incredibly short 
space of time these two streets were settled nearly from end to end. Many 
of these mansions are standing to-day, and it was then that the "Hill" really 
commenced its building up. "South Brooklyn" at this time was more a 
name than anything else. It had no set of its own, and the famiHes of the 
magnates of First Place went in the Heights circles. 

Thus the Uttle "set" of the Heights— a set of English, Dutch, New 
England and Quaker blood — made up the first formal society of the city. 
They set the ball a-roUing superbly, too, their entertainments being given 
upon a lavish scale. It was an age of "open house," according to the old 
Knickerbocker ideas, long before the era of dancing classes and fashionable 
balls in public halls. The houses were the great mansions of the time gone 
by, with long, wide, unbroken parlors and big halls. There were no tete- 
e-tete corners in the homes of these merchants of the sixties, and their 
houses seemed built for receiving people and making merry. 

Originality and a constant change of entertainment was the keynote of 
the society of those days. There was nothing fixed and cut and dried about 
the arrangements of a night. In 1864 (the year it came to New York) the 
cotillon, then known as the "German," because it was imported direct from 
the "Vaterland," commenced to be danced in Brooklyn. For any dancing af- 
fair it gained absolute domination. People were fascinated with its evolu- 
tions, and it went far toward building up society firmly and strongly. 
Either the old Entre Nous, the pioneer of all dancing classes, meeting m 
Dodsworth's Montague Street Dancing Academy, went to popularize it, or 
it went to popularize the Entre Nous. However this was, the "German" of 
the sixties was a most elaborate affair, both as regards figures and favors. 
Flowers were used in profusion and the "properties" were unique indeed. 

Another form of amusement of the time was parlor theatricals. The 
great amateur societies of the town were not in existence then, nor had 
" play acting " come into general vogue among the people. The social set 
of the Heights seized upon it readily and with interest. Series after series 
of quaint little farces, such as " The Loan of a Lover " and " Ici on Parle 
Francais," were played in Heights drawing-rooms year after year. Later, 
in the seventies, amateur opera was once or twice attempted and always 
with success. But, as the big amateur companies formed themselves, pros- 
pered, and gave frequent performances in public halls, society rather 
dropped the " boards." 



26 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

The feature of interest of those times was the early hours kept. As a 
rule, a dance was over shortly after midnight; it must be a very wonderful 
and beautiful ball indeed that kept up its revelry long beyond that. One of 
the most noted and popular houses on the Heights was the home of a typical 
Quaker. He was liberal in his views, his home was the centre of private 
theatricals, frequent dancing parties were given there, and his daughter 
was one of the most brilliant of the Heights belles. But at every gather- 
ing, at precisely 11:30, he would instruct the musicians to play "Home, 
Sweet Home." Of such were the social life and manners of 1860-70. 

The Casket Sociables, held at private houses, first organized the social 
interests. If there were like assemblages earlier than these, they have 
made no impression and had no real strength or power. The Entre Nous, 
already mentioned, lasted with its large membership for many years. The 
Sanitary Fair, continuing for some weeks, and held in the Academy of 
Music and Knickerbocker Hall, over the way, with a bridge spanning Mon- 
tague street, was the social event, par excellence, of the early sixties. Its 
Board^ of Directresses included every woman of position in the town ; its 
selling power was enorinous ; it paid into the treasury of the Sanitary Com- 
mission $400,000. It was the direct progenitor of the Academy fairs for the 
last twenty years, which have led as social events, and only now have just 
seen their day. They will be referred to again below. 

The Art Receptions and the Charity Balls marked the years of the sev- 
enties. These Art Receptions were gorgeous affairs. The Art Association 
had just completed its handsome Gothic building, the laymen managed the 
social and financial interests, the artists constituted the hanging committee, 
and got together fine loan collections each year. The pictures were hung 
in the Assembly Rooms, the Academy parquet was floored over and made 
into a brilliant ballroom. A promenade concert always inaugurated the 
evening. These receptions were continued until about 1S76, when other 
social interests caused them to be dropped. 

Of the same era were the brilliant Charity Balls. They rivaled in in- 
terest those across the river (it is said that a Brooklyn man, he who headed 
the management of the first one, was also the originator of these famous 
New York dances). No finer affairs have ever been seen in Brooklyn. 
Though not so exclusive as the Ihpetonga, they v>^ere larger, of more mag- 
nificence and the chief events of a very full social era. They were planned 
by the women of the board of managers of the Home for Destitute Chil- 
dren, and were given for the benefit of all the principal charities of the 
town, the very large profits being divided proportionately. Thus they ap- 
pealed to the entire community. Both the balcony and the dress circle of 
the Academy were cut up into boxes for the very first time in Brooklyn's 
life. As at the Art Reception, the parquet was floored over, and the view 
of these many box fronts from the dancing floor was only less beautiful 
than the floor itself. 

The sixties were marked by dignified and charming evening parties; 
with the seventies "afternoon receptions" came in, the immediate forerun- 
ners of the modern teas. Simplicity became the great cry. It got to be 
the fashion to serve light refreshments. A host on the Heights once de- 
clared in semi-ridicule that the whole expense attendant on a certain enter- 
tainment was only fourteen dollars. This simplicity extended even to 
dress. Elaborate toilets were as a rule discarded for plain street cos- 
tumes, and for a few years "evening parties" were almost lost sight of. 




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BROOKLYN'S SOCIAL LIFE. S7 

One of the important minor organizations of this period was a "Book 
Club," composed of women of the Heights, who, accompanied by tlieir hus- 
bands, met fortnightly for literary discussion. Books were purchased by a 
chosen committee, and went the rounds from house to house. 

In the meantime, through all these years, the Hill had been growing 
and founded a "set" of its own. Clinton avenue was its sectional backbone; 
it was bounded by DeKalb avenue, Grand and Fulton avenues and South 
Elliott place. Sectional disputes immediately arose. People of wealth 
were in the new section, they gave expensive and beautiful entertainments, 
the parades after church showed the onlooker exquisite frocks, and some of 
the finest equipages in the city were driven by these uptown families. 
Very largely the Hill set was made up of new residents ; they were not, as 
the term is, "Old Brooklynites." The cotillon flourished among them, and, 
in all probability, there were more Germans danced uptown during the 
seventies than there were on the Heights. In spite of all that could be 
done, however, the two "sets" would not come together. Oil and water 
could have been mixed more readily. 

These "sets" were so far apart, in fact, that a good deal of feeling was 
caused. There was rivalry and jealousy, and a decided cliqueism. Society 
at that period was showing its inland town characteristics, and the remedy 
has not been found till recently, when metropolitanism has gained hold. 

Other "sets" came upon the scene. The South Brooklyn people had a 
"set" — and a very successful one — of their own. This has since died out, 
and is known no more. The Eastern District people, about the fountain in 
Bedford avenue, backed by a literary and musical clique among them, 
founded a coterie that has a good deal of power to-day. The Bedford sec- 
tion — what might be called the "upper hill" — has its own dances and enter- 
tainments and even dancing classes. And, last of all. Prospect Heights, 
the Park Slope, has won itself social recognition. 

More nearly than anything else the Park Slope corresponds to the new 
West Side of New York. Fifteen years ago the buildings on it were scat- 
tering, both few and far between. From the old Litchfield mansion in the 
Park, now the ofiice of the Park Superintendent, there was a superb view 
of the bay across vacant lots. Now the streets are lined with handsome 
houses, two of the leading clubs of the town are located there, and the sec- 
tion has won its social position from the people who live in it. 

That the sectional lines are being so thoroughly obliterated to-day is 
due to the clubs and the big Academy fairs, or their successors, the great 
dances for charity. There is not an important club in Brooklyn that does 
not number men from all the social districts. Over cigars or the whist 
table, in the cafe, -or else at one of the Inter-Club Bowling or Whist League 
meets, these men have become acquainted and learned that there are peo- 
ple worth knowing in the other "sets." Working side by side for charity at 
one of the great fairs, these men's wives and daughters have learned ex- 
actly the same thing. The three or four great Academy Bazaars a season 
of several years ago have brought Hill, Heights and Slope together as noth- 
ing else would have done. These fairs were the successors of the Sanitary 
Fair and the great Charity Balls. Brooklyn has no great public balls to-day 
nor has it had for a number of years. The fashion runs to more select 
affairs. Once each season, though, the Emerald Ball for the Roman Catholic 
Orphan Asylum and the Hebrew Ball for the Hebrew Orphan _As5dum are 
danced, always with the greatest financial success and in the midst of splen- 
did decorations. The "civic set" is out in full force on these occasions. 



28 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

From about 1875 to 1S90 the Academy fairs went off with nnbotinded 
social success. They were a financial success because society had 
set her seal of approval on them, the leading women of the city 
were behind the booths, the prettiest maidens in the flower bowers and 
garbed as waitresses. The Homoeopathic Hospital, the Industrial School 
and the Orphan Asylum were the three leading institutions benefited. To 
indicate how well charity has drawn the social sets together it is only neces- 
sary to glance at the roll of the Homoeopathic Hospital's "Ladies' Aid." 

For the past two seasons great amateur musical and dancing perform- 
ances have, to an extent, superseded the time-honored fair. The Heights 
has given "Fasching Thursday in Venice," the Hill "Living Whist," the 
Park Slope "The Kirmess." The Carnival of Opera this past season was 
another of these great alfairs and one of much artistic merit. These enter- 
tainments call out the best people of the town, both on the stage and in the 
seats. The list of patronesses marks their social importance and their suc- 
cess. The Academy of Music is always their scene. 

The era of dancing classes, the chief and the important events in the 
social life of the Brooklyn of the present, commenced in the fall of 1881 
with a series of Bachelor Germans on the Heights. There never was more 
of a misnomer than this word dancing class. It smacks of the heel-and-toe 
school down in the lecture room of the old Brooklyn Institute years ago, 
where the fashionable little misses and masters all went to learn grace and 
deportment. That this word does not give these dances their true name 
has been recently recognized, and the two leading classes of the city — the 
Heights, meeting in Remsen Hall, and the Prospect Heights, meeting in the 
Pouch Gallery, now dub themselves "Assemblies." 

The Heights "class" — for as such it was known then — was organized 
in the fall of 1886. Practically the same set as that which made up the 
Bachelor Germans composed it. The same year the Hill "set "formed a 
" class " under the name of the " Cotillons " and ran it for four years under 
the same roof where the Heights danced, in Remsen Hall. In 1887 the 
Prospect Heights " class " gave its first cotillon up in Johnston Hall. Since 
that day there have not been many changes to recall. The Heights as- 
sembly still meets in Remsen Hall, though last year it held its dances in 
the ballroom of the Germania Club, and numbers seventy couples. The 
Hill " class " was absorbed by the Prospect Heights in 1889, and the amal- 
gamated organizations, under the name of the Prospect Heights, now give 
three dances a year in the Pouch Gallery, with about the same membership 
as that of the Heights. 

There are other "dancing classes" besides — for by this name the 
smaller must still be called — dances organized only for a season and sub- 
scription cotillons by the score. But only one other has *made itself per- 
manent and won itself a name-^the Tuesday Evening Subscription dances 
— the dance of the younger set of Hill and Slope, now in its third season, 
and, while not ambitious in its scope, pretty, jolly and full of life. 

Thus the "assemblies" and " classes" stand as the dominating features 
of social life. Their big cotillons, splendidly led, for there are true masters 
of the German in Brooklyn, have overshadowed and taken the place of the 
pretty cotillons once danced by the dozen in private houses. The German 
of the great ballroom has size and completeness, color and life. The 
parlor German has not entirely died out, of course, but not nearly as 
many of them are given as there were fifteen years ago. People's energies 



BROOKLYN'S SOCIAL LIFE. 29 

are concentrated now on the assemblies, and each year sees these danced 
in a more complete and enjoyable way. 

The season blocks itself out early in November. The whole social 
framework reveals itself at a glance by the time December ist has come. 
The assemblies and the small " classes " have fixed their dates, the nights 
of the great "charity performances" are given out, the evening of the 
Ihpetonga ball, which is to Brooklyn what the Patriarchs is to New York, is 
named. On this skeleton the fabric of house dances, dinners, " at homes " 
and •' afternoon teas" is built. Dove tailing in with these, wherever they 
can best be put, are set the annual club receptions *' to wives, daughters 
and sweethearts " and the weddings, so well arranged generally that it is 
seldom that two important events take place on the same night. The mode 
of entertaining differs little from that of across the river. Brooklyn is 
metropolitan from the social standpoint nowadays. By the time the year 
1900 comes around it is certain there will not be a vestige of the old-time "sets." 

The "afternoon tea" is stronger than ever and the chief house enter- 
tainment of the hour. The once popular card clubs have lost their force, 
and "progressive games" are out of date. An occasional private ball of 
great magnificence is given, but these are rare, and there is seldom more 
than one a season. 

The power of the clubs in making up the new Brooklyn has already 
been alluded to. It should be added that this social course is strengthened 
by admitting women to certain parts of the clubhouses at all times. The 
Riding and Driving Club, whose members come from every social section 
of the city, has gained immense power in society. It has the leading men 
and women of Brooklyn on its rolls, and its music rides and ring evolutions 
by the members themselves each Wednesday night, are watched from the 
galleries by a most fashionable throng. This club has not its counter- 
part anywhere in the world. It is distinctively a Brooklyn organization 
and one of great influence. Family is largely the key to entering therein. 
It has recently covered itself with glory by giving Brooklyn's first horse show. 

The Ihpetonga is the one great ball of the town, and is danced but 
once a year. The Patriarchs itself is not more exclusive and select. It is 
a loosely bound organization, composed of sixty men of the Heights. The 
subscription fee is $50, and this gives the management three thousand dol- 
lars to spend on a single -evening. The Art Association and the Assembly 
Rooms are completely transformed with the most elaborate decorations. 
Last season the Art Room was done in red and gold. This season it was 
turned into an Empire ballroom in green and gold and white, glittering 
with snowy cornices, mirrors and hundreds of electric globes. An elabo- 
rate "sittin^-do-^n" supper is always served at little tables in the Assembly 
Rooms, which are set as a garden with palms and flowers for relief to the 
eyes, and contrast. The Ihpetonga ball is the night beyond all else of new 
frocks for Brooklyn women, and the costumes of the town are seen on that 
evening. The cotillon is danced just after supper, commencing at about 
half past one. Each subscriber has the privilege of five guests. The asso- 
ciation was formed in 1886. 

It is through family that admission to the inner circle of Brooklyn soci- 
ety is gained. Money avails not at all, locality of residence comparatively 
little. Yet a home on the Heights has both meaning and power to it. It is 
by no means a sure and certain key to the magic door, but it goes a very 
great ways. 



©LUBS AND ASSOeiATIONS* 



The Leading Social, Literary, Scientific and Political Organizations of 
Brooklyn — Their Character, Membership and Homes. 



The clubs and associations of Brooklyn are, beyond a doubt, the most 
remarkable feature of " the city across the river." They embrace in their 
scope every possible interest, be it of work or of play. Where the power 
and the finances of an organization are not extended enough to allow of a 
permanent abode, its members resolutely meet in leased rooms, or even in 
each other's houses. It is very rare indeed for a Kings County club to go 
out of existence. The club and the association are the recognized enthu- 
siasms of Brooklyn life, and chiefest among its amusements. 

As a whole, the clubs proper have not the elegance without and within 
of their contemporaries on Manhattan Island. But they are more home- 
like and cheery, and the members know each other far better. Camera- 
dei'ie is the essential feature of the Brooklyn club. Science, politics and 
the arts are well represented in the societies. Literature holds its own, 
though in a small way. Musically, the singing societies and their contin- 
ual work have made this the city of choral song. 

Clubs that are Purely Social. 

Algonquin Club. — The leading social organization of South Brooklyn. 
The club is small, but its membership is carefully made up and nearly all 
on its rolls are residents of that part of the city. It has the old Lyall 
mansion on President street; there are ten non-resident and very nearly 150 
resident members. It was incorporated in June, 1889. 

Aurora Grata. — The Masons' Club of Brooldyn, and of great success. 
It was organized in May, 1887, under most unique conditions. Aurora 
Grata Lodge of Perfection, founded in 1806, bought the Old Dutch Re- 
formed Church and parsonage at the corner of Bedford avenue and Madi- 
son street in that month of that year. The church was turned into a Scot- 
tish Rite Cathedral, and the parsonage was immediately disposed of by 
thirty of the master masons forming themselves into a club. It was not 
until March, 1891, though, that the building was fully fitted up and a 
" house-warming " given. It is almost as much a woman's club as a man's, 
since the fair sex have one day out of eyery week. Only members of 
Aurora Grata Lodge are eligible to membership ; 321 men are on its rolls. 

Bedford Club. — Founded in 1883. Its objects are purely social and fra- 
ternal. Present membership 200. House, 634 Classon avenue. 

Brooklyn Club. — A most exclusive organization, famed for its cuisine. 
More elaborate little dinners have been given in its rooms, it is said, than 
at an)^ other club in town. It claims to b3 the oldest distinctively social 
organization in Brooklyn, and this claim has not been as yet disproved. 
It was incorporated April 24, 1865, and immediately moved into its present 
quarters at the comer of Clinton and Pierrepont streets. Five years ago 
the adjoining building was purchased and the whole remodeled and refit- 
ted at an expense of many thousand dollars. Its tone is distinctively 

*For fall list of clubs and associations see Citizen Almanac. Tlie most prominent only are 
given Iiere. 



CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS. 31 

^NnV f-hP inrlaeci and citv officials being included in its membership. This 
has^ven^ti^^^^^^^^ Democratic tinge in contra-distmction to the 

Rpnublican Union League. It numbers 325 members. 
^CarlIton CLUB^-The first of the Park Slope clubs to come into exist- 
ff hSn^ incoroorated March 24. 1881. It has a small but tasteful 
Se It the fom^f sS?h avenue and St. Mark's place. Its ongmal by- 
?a4 at first prohibited the drinking of anything stronger than cofEee m the 
laws ^\^^^J P^''^'"f.g„^^^ modified to include malt hquors, and recently the 

X^lteHrst'dXcSsrwron'&allatin 'place When the Hamilton 
S\noved to its new building in 1884. the Columbmn took possession of 
Clubmoveatoiisnew uu q Clinton and Joralemon streets. In May, 

Ts,f\^evr^S^S^o:^^^^^ ^--^ P^^^^^^^ South Portland 

""'"conItTtut^'on cTuT-^ purely social club, but comprised of Democratic 
politidaS alone Politics are not usually discussed within its walls though 
?riThavrundoubtedly been planned there. Location 48 Willoughby 
s?rtt,nelr the Hall, " Lss " M^cLaughlin's f "^^^f^ ^g^ "tt m^^^^^ 
from the fire company, " Constitution No. 7,' of the Fifth Ward its mem 
berThm roll contains many famous local names. Membership 169. 

cTes?Lt Athletic CLUB.-In spite of its name, its excellent gymnasium 
andThe finest non-collegiate football team in the X^'S\8?fbf twenty 
social ore-anization. It was founded as a football club m 1885 by twenty 
BSoM^tesTmostofwhomhad played on college teams. Its first rooms 
were orthes^thwest corner of'^Cllnton street and Montague, where it 
wS definitely formed into an athletic club. In 1889 it consolidated with 
^e Nereid Boat Club, and purchased the Van Brunt property at Bay Ridge 
In the spring of 1890 it moved into its present city house, 71 Pierrepont 
street Las! spring it absorbed the Alcyone Boat Club (nearly 100 men) 
The Crescent's presint strength is 1,400, which makes it one of the most 
powerful clubs in the country Its country house, on the site of the old 
^aTBrunTmanSoTcEight^^^^^ street), i's hardly equaled m beauty any- 

where near New York. .,11.-. ■n> 4. -rk^v+^-^f 

EcKFORD Club.— Founded in 1865 as a social club by Eastern District 
men, but for eleven years previous one of the finest amateur baseball or- 
ganizations in the Atlantic States. Has adopted the crest of the Eckford 
family of England for its seal. Its rooms are at 95 Broadway and its 

membership is 56. ^ . . t- .1, -4. Tf t,oo 

Excelsior Club.— Perhaps the most fraternal club of the city, it nas 
been well described as a " tight little corporation," for its membership is 
only about 100, and the members are old friends of many years standing. 
Report has it that the Excelsior is the most difficult club m town to get into. 
It was organized in 1854, but for many years devoted itself steadfastly to 
the interests of baseball. Its house is at the corner of Livingston and Clm- 

Field and Marine Club.-A country club located at Bath Beach, with 
its membership drawn largely from Brooklyn. The three houses ^^ V.P^ 
open throughout the year, but only in the summer months are they made 



32 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

use of to any extent. The club has sleeping accommodations for 70 mem- 
bers. One of its features is an out-of-door dining-room, commanding a 
superb view of the Lower Bay. There is no initiation fee, and membership 
is only to be had by buying, with the club's approval, one of the existing 
certificates of membership. The transfer fee is $25. Organized 1885; 
membership 320. 

Germ ANi A Club. — The "swell" Teutonic club of Brooklyn. There is 
a provision in its by-laws which says that at least 75 per cent, of its mem- 
bers must be able to converse in German. It has on the upper floors of its 
house the most perfect supper and dancing rooms in the city. The danc- 
ing hall is also provided with a stage, 50x30, on which professionals as well 
as amateurs have appeared. An "open entertainment" is given about 
once in every three weeks, and there is nearly always a New Year's ball. 
Masques are also excessively popular. Organized July 26th, i860; incor- 
porated 1862; house, 120 Schermerhom street; number of members 516. 

Hamilton Club. — The most exclusive and carefully guarded club of 
the city. It possesses an admirably arranged clubhouse at the comer of 
Remsen and Clinton streets, and the only adequate library to be found in 
Brooklyn. This library came over from the old Hamilton Literary Asso- 
ciation (founded in 1830, in Brooklyn's " Lyceum Days"), which was merged 
into the Hamilton Club at its founding in 1882. There is an annual dinner 
on January nth, in honor of the birthday of Alexander Hamilton. Mem- 
bership nearly 700. 

Hanover Club. — The leading Eastern District social organization. It 
occupies the old Hawley mansion at the comer of Rodney street and Bed- 
ford avenue, recently added to and embellished. The members' wives and 
daughters have the privilege of the cafe and alleys in the mornings. Or- 
ganized 1890 ; membership 430. 

Knickerbocker Club. — Originally a tennis organization founded in 
the spring of i88g. It has since, however, expanded, and is now a genuine 
social club. Its little house on the outskirts of Flatbush is being enlarged 
at an expense of $10,000. The tennis feature is still kept up on a beauti- 
fiilly cut lawn. There are 162 members, divided into three classes — senior, 
junior and women. A member's ticket gives all the club's privileges to his 
family. It is essentially a country club. 

Lawrence Club. — The leading Hebrew social club. It occupies the 
Dingee mansion, now moved from its Clinton avenue site to the comer of 
Waverly and Myrtle avenues. The informal entertainments and suppers 
of the club are its great charm. Organized 1887; incorporated 1890 ; mem- 
bership 165. 

Lincoln Club.— Located on the "Upper Hill," at 65 and 67 Putnam 
avenue, and without specially distinctive qualities. Its membership is 
drawn from all over the city. It numbers many of the most clubable men 
of the town. Organized December, 1877; membership about 375. 

Manhanset Club. — Of recent organization and growth. Its member- 
ship is composed of the younger Park Slope element. House, 435 Ninth 
street. 

MiDwooD Club. — The most prominent social club of Flatbush, and one 
highly regarded by Bfooklynites. Its house is the quaint and beautiful 
Clarkson mansion, built half a century ago, and surrounded by three acres 
of park. It is noted for its exquisite balls and set entertainments. An 
idea in the minds of its members is to eventually make it a " Driving Club " 
for Brooklyn people. Organized 1889; membership 80. 



CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS. 33 

MoNTAUK Club. — The uptown club, par excellence. Vi& facade is the 
most artistic and unique in the city. A cleverly cut classic frieze showing in 
bas-relief the exploits of the Montauk Indians adorns the upper stories. Its 
women's dining rooms are famed throughout the city for feminine luncheons, 
and the Montauk balls each season are eagerly looked forward to. It is the 
aknowledged rendezvous of the Park Slope set. House, Eighth avenue 
and Lincoln Place; organized 1889 ; membership about 300. 

Oxford Club. — The oldest club on the "Hill." It was organized June 
24th, 1880, and has a membership of 350, drawing from all over the town, 
^fs members are men of power and standing, and of thoroughly clubable 
tone. A peculiar but well-working provision has recently been introduced , 
The initiation fee is $100, and every man who paid that sum previous to 
January, 1892, has the " privilege " of bringing in a friend without any 
entrance fee. Saturday night is " club night," and a formal entertainment 
takes place each month. House, 109 Lafayette avenue. 

Union League Club. — As in the case of its namesake across the river, 
a Republican stronghold. The Brooklyn club, however, has more marked 
social aims. There is a movement, in fact, to break down the political 
barrier, and admit members purely on social lines. Its forte has been its 
great commemoration banquets and dinners to noted statesmen. Finest 
location of any Brooklyn club. Superb women's receptions annually, and 
the centre of much social " Hill " life. Founded March 1st, 1888 ; location, 
Bedford avenue and Dean street ; membership 950. 

Waverly Young Men's Club. — Organized in the Washington avenue 
.Baptist Church in 1891. The membership is not confined to any sect now, 
but a majority of the Board of Trustees must be members of that congre- 
gation. The keynote of the club is absolute temperance within its doors. 
Membership, 125; house, 459 Waverly avenue. 

Windsor Club. — An Eastern District organization with purely social 
aims. Founded 1878; membership 33; house, corner of Lee and Division 
avenues. 

Principal Political Clubs. 

Brooklyn Democratic Club. — An offshoot of the Young Men's Demo- 
cratic Club, 100 or more members seceding from that organization in the 
winter of 1887. Its aim is reform of the tariff and independent Democracy. 
Amalgamation with the Young Men's Club has been sought for but never 
reached. Early this year the club combined with the Cleveland and Stev- 
enson campaign clubs of Kings County. Present membership 500; head- 
quarters, 201 Montague street. 

Brooklyn Ballot Reform League. — An association rather than a club, 
formed for the purpose of introducing the Australian ballot into New York 
State. Rather inactive since the fall of 1890, but numbering 850 members, 
many of great prominence. Founded January, 1890; headquarters, 392 St. 
Mark's avenue. 

Brooklyn Revenue Reform Club. — 176 Columbia Heights. Owes its 
greatest fame to having been founded by Henry Ward Beecher, December, 
1880. It held for many years great public meetings *and debates on the 
tariff. At present its activity is suspended. Membership 500. 

Brooklyn Single Tax Club. — A club with the sole purpose implied 
in its name. It was organized as the Henr)?- George Land Club in 1887, 
and passed through many changes of name and difficulties until May, 1S90, 
when as the Single Tax Club it moved into a house of its own at 198 Living- 



34 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

ston street. An immense quantity of literature is sent out by the club to 
propagate its theories. Present house, 35 Schermerhorn street ; member- 
ship 200. 

BusHwiCK Democratic Club. — Formed of the old German Democratic 
General Committee in the campaign of i88g. It is very largely a social 
club, but politics is its fountain head. Its strongest hold is upon the upper 
wards of the city, but many prominent downtown politicians are in its 
ranks. The club has a very beautiful house on Bushwick avenue at the 
corner of Hart street. Incorporated October, 1890; membership 383. 

Lafayette Club. — A strong Republican club confined to Twentietl^ 
Ward men, located at the corner of DeKalb and Vanderbilt avenues. Or- 
ganized 1886; membership 175. 

Seymour Club. — A powerful Democratic club of social tendencies, de- 
voted during the fall of each year to do effective campaign work. Member- 
ship 540; organized 1891; incorporated 1892. (It occupies a fine and new 
house at 186 Bedford avenue.) 

Young Men's Democratic Club. — Founded October, 18S0, for the pur- 
pose of bringing about municipal reform, tariff reform and personal purity 
in politics. Headquarters, 44 Court street; membership about 400. 

Young Republican Club. — Organized for the same purpose in April, 
1881. Headquarters, Johnston Building, Fulton street and Flatbush avenue; 
membership 1800. 

Art Clubs. 

Brooklyn Art Association. — Established 1862 and incorporated 1864, 
for the purpose of cultivating the fine arts and founding a gallery of pic- 
tures and statuary. This gallery has never been established, but the asso- 
ciation has fine loan exhibitions every year, and now, in conjunction with 
the Brooklyn Institute's Department of Painting, is conducting a most suc- 
cessful art school. In addition, it has an excellent course of art lectures 
each winter. Its picture hall is frequently used for great social events. 
The association's "art receptions " in the early seventies were leading 
social functions. Membership about 250; building adjoining the Academy 
of Music. 

Brooklyn Art Club. — An association of about eighty artists, mainly of 
Brooklyn, but with some excellent New York names on the rolls, having 
yearly exhibitions in the picture hall of the Art Association. It was origi- 
nally known as the Brooklyn Art Social (founded 1862), and after several 
reorganizations took its present title in 1886. Only self-supporting brush 
men are admitted to membership. Secretary's address, Hotel St. George. 

Brooklyn Art Guild. — " For the encouragement of all things artistic" 
and the keeping up of an art school. Co-operates with the association in 
this work. Rooms, Ovington Building, 246 Fulton street. Organized 
1880 ; membership 40. 

Rembrandt Club. — An exclusive association, limited to 100 men, who 
meet monthly at each other's houses and listen to papers read by well- 
known artists. Organized May, 1880. 

Literary Clubs. 

Brooklyn Chautauqua Union. — Formerly the Brooklyn Chautauqua 
Assembly. It was organized in 1886, is composed of twenty-nine circles, 
ruled over by a central committee, meeting every two months, and numbers 
1,000 members. Seven lectures and entertainments are given during the 



CLUES AND ASSOCIATIONS. 85 

winter, and each summer there is a moonHght excursion and a special 
train run to Chautauqua and Niagara Falls. "Secretary's address, 279 Bal- 
tic street. 

Brooklyn Literary Union. — A successful association of Afro-Ameri- 
cans, meeting twice a month in Everett Hall, corner of Bridge and Wil- 
loughby streets, for the object of "general improvement." Organized 
1886 ; membership 400. 

Brooklyn Philosophical Society. — Object, propagation of knowledge, 
practical and philosophic. Rooms, 118 South Eighth street; membership 
50; founded 1878. 

Brooklyn Press Club. — Fraternal and journalistic. A " Pocket Edi- 
tion of the New York Press Club." House, 171 State street; organized 
1892 ; membership 120. 

Bryant Literary Society. — Musical and literary in its aims. A series 
of entertainments are given each winter in Association Hall. The mem- 
bership includes the best people of the Park Slope, and there are now about 
1,000 subscribers. The society at first met in the members' houses, then 
filled the lecture room of the Memorial Presbyterian Church, and finally 
had to seek a hall. Organized 1878. 

Bush Literary Society.— Founded 1888; membership 90; meeting 
place. Phoenix Hall, South Eighth street. ' 

Franklin Literary Society.— The oldest and most famous of such or- 
ganizations in Brooklyn. Since the absorption of the Hamilton it has taken 
its place. The Franklin has served its chief part as a training school for 
many of the best of Brooklyn's orators and statesmen. Its rooms are m 
the Hamilton Building, 44 Court street, where the Hamilton was for many 
years. Its vigor to-day is unimpaired. Active membership 90; founded 
1864. 

Long Island Historical Society.— An influential and valuable asso- 
ciation of nearly 1,500 members, founded in 1863. It has a very beautiful 
building at the corner of Clinton and Pierrepont streets (first occupied in 
1880), containing a fine concert and lecture hall, an admirable reference 
library, and a museum of natural and physical relics of Long Island of in- 
calculable value, and arranged on scientific lines by Elias Lewis, Jr. 

Mrs. Field's Literary Club. — A society of well-to-do women, mem- 
bers of Mrs. Mary A. Field's Literary Classes. Meetings are held once a 
month at the members' houses, when luncheon is served and papers on 
various phases of literature are read. Annually, there is a reception to 
some celebrity in the world of books. Marion Crawford was the club's last 
guest. Organized 1882; membership 84. 

Y. M. C. A. Literary Society. — Meets in the association lecture room 
on Saturday evenings. Organized 1887; membership 30. 

Scientific and Learned Societies. 

Brooklyn Academy of Medicine. — A small association of physicians 
for mutual improvement. Membership about 125, 

Brooklyn Academy of Photography. — The leading camera society 
in the city, and including within its membership the chief experts wkh the 
" little black box." Since its organization in 1887 it has absorbed several 
smaller organizations, and it now numbers 120 men ; women are not ad- 
mitted to its membership. Frequent lectures and exhibitions are given in 
the Brooklyn Art Association rooms. Rooms 177 Montague street. 



36 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Brooklyn Dental Society. — For the advancement of the art of den- 
tistry. Rooms, 356 Bridge street; membership 58. 

Brooklyn Ethical Society, — A unique organization meeting bi- 
monthly on Sunday evenings in the Second Unitarian Church, Clinton 
and Congress streets. Its purpose is purely that of ethical and philosophical 
investigation. Papers are read by noted men and a discussion follows. 
Founded 1881; membership about 200. 

Brooklyn Gynaecological Society. — An organization of experts for 
special scientific study. Membership about 50; rooms, 356 Bridge street. 

Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences.— An association abso- 
lutely unique in its broad scope and comprehensive aims. When its new 
building on the Park Slope is completed and tenanted, it will have the space 
for a gallery of art and scientific and natural collections, for all of which 
preparation is now being made. At present it conducts its work by means 
of lectures and occasional exhibits under the auspices of some one or other of 
its twenty-five departments. Each of these departments has its own 
organization, the Institute itself being ruled over by a board of trustees. 
The departments are as follows : Archaeology, membership 115; architec- 
ture, 108; astronomy (once the American Astronomical Society), 113; 
botany, 154; chemistry, 135; electricity, 215; engineering, 126; entomology, 
51; fine arts, 361; geography, 137; geology, 140; mathematics, 47; micros- 
copy, 133; mineralogy, 117; music, 117; pamting, 80; pedagogy, 158; phil- 
ology, 422: photography, 170; physics, 154; political and economic science, 
404; psychology, 144; zoolog3^ 67. The general library of the Institute con- 
tains about 13,000 volumes. 

Its objects are to " provide for rich and poor, educated and unlearned, 
free access to valuable and well-arranged collections in the realms of 
science and art, to afford to teachers and pupils otherwise unprovided 
means to the ends of illustration, and to encourage and aid the specialist." 

The Institute had its beginnings in the old Brooklyn Apprentices' Li- 
brary in 1823. In 1843 its name was changed to that of the Brooklyn Insti- 
tute, and Augustus Graham, its founder, liber all}^ endowed it. The Institute, 
however, did not get entirely free from debt until 1887. Now it has started 
on a new course of prosperity. All the old Institute's property and privi- 
leges have been transferred to the new Brooklyn Institute of Arts and 
Sciences. The total membership of the Institute proper is nearly 200. Its 
financial resources, including endowments and money from the sale of its 
old building on Washington street, are not far from $250,000. 

Brooklyn Theosophical Society. — One of the branches of the Ameri- 
can section of the Theosophical Society, receiving its charter in April, 1889, 
with six charter members. It meets twice a week (Thursday and Sun- 
day evenings), and has 38 full members, besides a number of associates. Its 
rooms are now at 464 Classon avenue. Its ranking is exactly the same in 
the American section as that of the Aryan Theosophical Society of New 
York City. 

HoAGLAND Laboratory. — Object, the fostering of original research in 
medical science, more especially in regard to bacteriology, histology and 
pathology. Incorporated, February, 1S87. Ruled by board of directors; 
house, corner of Henry and Pacific streets. 

HoMosoPATHic Medical Society of Kings County. — Formed for the 
mutual study of homoeopathy. Rooms, 272 Halsey street; 117 members.' 

Kings County Medical Association. — An organization of general 
practitioners. Rooms, 319 Washington street; 90 members. 



CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS. 37 

Kings County Pharmaceutical Society. — For the study of pharmacy. 
Rooms, 339 Classon avenue; membership i8o. 

Medical Society of Kings County. — The largest of such professional 
organizations in the city. Membership 417; rooms, 356 Bridge street. 
Publishes the Brooklyn M,edical Journal, an exceedingly prosperous class 
organ. 

Musical Societies. 

Amateur Opera Association. — The only society for the giving of gen- 
uine amateur opera that has ever flourished in America. Three perform- 
ances a year are given in the Brooklyn Academy of Music and frequent 
receptions at the Remsen rooms. The Association's first performance was 
given in 1874 in the old Central Hall, corner of Fulton and Flatbush 
avenues. Members, active (chorus), 75; subscribing, 100. 

Amphion Society. — Mainly composed of Eastern District men. In 
1887 the society built the Amphion Academy for its concerts, but after- 
ward found it more profitable to lease it as a theatre. Has a good amateur 
orchestra, besides its vocal chorus. Organized 1879; membership 450 ; 
rooms, Clymer street and Division avenue. 

Apollo Club. — This society, now in its fifteenth season of concert, is 
conceded to have the finest chorus in Brooklyn, from a social point of 
view. It was founded by Dudley Buck, who is and has always been its 
musical director. Musically the Apollo is of the highest ranking. Three 
concerts a year are given in the Academy of Music. The chorus numbers 
70, and there are now about 240 subscribers. 

Arion M/ennerchor. — The leading German singing society of Brook- 
lyn, with the exception of the Brooklyn Sa^ngerbund, which holds the same 
position in the Western District as the Arion does in the Eastern. The 
Arion is three years younger than the Saengerbund, having been founded 
in 1865, in a Williamsburgh school house. It has a fine clubhouse on Wall 
street near Broadway, and an excellent picked chorus. Membership about 
300. 

Brooklyn Amateur Musical Club. — A very recently organized society 
of musical and cultured Brooklyn women, planned on exactly the same 
lines as those of the Chicago Amateur Musical Club. The club's doors of 
admission are definitely closed to professionals, the line being strictly 
drawn. Afternoon concerts (with the performers chiefly the club's mem- 
bers) are given at Wilson Hall and Brigham Memorial Hall, Y. W. C. A. 
Building. Organized November, 1892; 60 active and 100 subscribing mem- 
bers. 

Brooklyn C^ecian. — Organized in 1881, for the purpose of improving 
the singing in the public schools. At present it consists of a single class of 
100 young women, meeting weekly at Conservatory Hall, Bedford avenue 
and Fulton street. In past years, however, there have been children's classes 
under the same management. 

Brooklyn Choral Society. — The largest society of both male and 
female voices in Brooklyn. Its chorus numbers 400, and is admirably dis- 
tributed. Three concerts in a year are given in the Academy, and ora- 
torio is nearly always attempted. The financial afi^airs of the society are 
managed by a Board of Trustees, but the chorus has its own organization. 
The society has just been incorporated. Rehearsals are held at the Taber- 
nacle. The system of tabulating the attendance of each singer is an intri- 
cate and a very clever one. The seventh season is now in progress. 



38 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Brooklyn S^ngerbund. — The status of this society has already been 
referred to in the description of the Arion. Its object is given as culture of 
music. Its occasional masques and merry-makings at the Academy have 
been very artistic. The Ssengerbund was founded in 1862, and incorpo- 
rated four years later. Its membership is 285. It occupies Burnham's old 
gymnasium at the corner of Smith and Schermerhorn streets. 

CECILIA Ladies' Vocal Society. — Said to be the organization of the 
" Wives, sisters and daughters " of the Amphion men. It gives two or 
three private concerts a season, generally in the Amphion auditorium. 
Founded January, 1885; 125 associate and 70 chorus members. 

Choral Club. — A mixed chorus of forty, consisting of the young society 
set of the Heights and admirably conducted. It has several fine vocalists 
and instrumentalists among its members, and recently (in early March) gave 
its fiist formal concert in the ballroom of the Germania Club. It was organ- 
ized in the spring of 1892 and meets at members' houses fortnightly. 

Philharmonic Society of Brooklyn. — Relatively the most important 
musical society in the city. Its performers are always professional, and 
the finest talent in America has always been brought before its subscribers. 
Theodore Thomas wielded its baton for nearly twenty years, and gave the 
Brooklyn Philharmonic national fame. When he was called to Chicago at 
the beginning of the season of 1891-92, the Boston Symphony Orchestra, 
under the guidance of Nikiseh, was secured in his place. The Philharmonic 
is ruled by a board of 25 directors. The numbers of subscribers varies 
annually from 600 to 1,200. Founded 1857; first concert at the Brooklyn 
Athenaeum; headquarters. Chandler's, Fulton street near Pierrepont. 

Seidl Society. — This association has the direct object of fostering 
musical culture among the middle and lower classes. It was organized in 
1889 by a few enthusiastic women (there are only women in its ranks), and 
its first work was to enable women and girls to hear Anton Seidl's concerts 
at Brighton Beach that summer, at a purely nominal cost, the railroad fare 
and admission being less than the price of entering a concert hall in the 
city. Each season since then the Seidl has given three practically free con- 
certs which, curiously enough, have been great social successes as well as 
popular affairs. Classical music only is played at these concerts, and 
Anton Seidl is in musical charge. Headquarters, Pouch Gallery ; memberr 
ship about 400. 

United Singers of Brooklyn. — Composed of the (active) members of 
the twenty-five leading German singing clubs of the city. Its complete 
chorus numbers 934. The association is a branch of the Ssengerbund of 
the Northeastern States, which has a ssengerfest every three years, the 
seventeenth to occur in New York City in 1894. Its general object is the 
perpetuating of German song and the social ways of the Fatherland ; or- 
ganized 1 88 1. 

WiLLiAMSBURGH S^NGERBUND. — The oldcst of all the local singing so- 
cieties. Organized January 12, 1855; membership 250; meeting place, 
Goetzer's Haft, on Meserole street. 

Zoellner MyENNERCHOR. — Foundcd i860, and incorporated 1865. Its 
house was recently destroyed by fire, but the club contemplates building 
again. Present headquarters, 156 Broadway; membership 400. 

Miscellaneous Clubs. 

Brooklyn Chess Club. — This society has no other interest than that of 
the great eastern game. It numbers practically all of the " crack" players 




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CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS. 39 

of Brooklyn, and the rooms are seldom empty. The enthusiasts of the 
club not infrequently sit the greater part of the night at the tables. The 
Chess Club's public receptions are exhibition games of famous visiting ex- 
perts. Organized 1886 ; membership 100; rooms, 201 Montague street. 

Brooklyn Turn Verein. — A society with a membership that is largely 
German, with the object of physical and intellectual development. It has 
about 100 active gymnasts among its members, a dramatic division of 35, a 
singing division of 50, a fencing division of 20, and a women's auxiliary of 
about 100. Annexed to the Turn Verein is a German school, where some 
300 children are taught the German language after school hours — the boys 
drawing and modeling, the girls needlework and designing. Founded 
iSSi; house, 351 Atlantic avenue; membership 238. 

Ihpetonga. — A club limited to sixty members, wealthy men of Brook- 
lyn Heights, without a house or rooms, and organized solely for the purpose 
of giving an annual ball in the Art Association rooms in January. Organ- 
ized 1886. 

National Greyhound Club. — To stimulate the breeding and the im- 
portation of the greyhound, the Russian wolfhound and the deerhound by 
offering prizes at various shows and at the American Coursing Meet at Great 
Bend, Indiana. Organized in Queens County in 1886. The second annual 
bench show of the club took place in the Clermont Avenue Rink last Nov- 
ember, 600 dogs being exhibited. Nearly all of the prominent owners of 
the hound breed are members. Offices, 148 South Eighth street. 

Riding and Driving Club. — Best summed up as^ without doubt the 
finest socio-equestrian club in the world. The club building on the 
corner of Flatbush and Vanderbilt avenues has the largest ring of any 
riding club in America, with a capacious gallery, parlors, reception and 
dressing room, baths and stabling accommodations for 180 horses. The 
ring's dimensions are 90x180, splendidly, shaped and with a fine run. 
" Club night" is Wednesday, when there is a music ride, rough riding and 
evolutions, and various equestrian specialties, such as tandem riding, the 
jeu de barre ("tag"), relay races, football on horseback, skirt and potato 
races. Many of the women are as expert in the saddle as the men. The 
club is finely situated just on the outskirts of Prospect Park. Many mem- 
bers stable here, and there is good accommodation for " rigs." Organized 
1889; membership 342 (the wives, minor sons and unmarried daughters 
having equal privileges with the members themselves) ; cost of building, 
$250,000. 

Robins Island Club. — An organization, limited in membership, for 
shooting and hunting. Clubhouse, Robins Island, Suffolk county; mem- 
bership 25; founded 1881. 

Associations. 

Association of Exempt Firemen. — (Brooklyn, W. D.) This associa- 
tion aims to keep up, in as great a degree as possible, the spirit of the " old 
fire laddies" by two reunions a month, and to assist comrades in need. It 
was organized in 1852 and incorporated 1874. Its meetings are held in 
the City HaU. The membership is large, including very nearly every 
exempt fireman in the Western District of Brooklyn. 

Brooklyn Bar Association. — An organization of 100 attorneys, banded 
together under the Act of 1887 " to cultivate the science of jurisprudence, 
to promote reform in the law, to cherish the spirit of brotherhood among 
the members," It sustains the same relations to the Kings County Bar as 



40 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

the Bar Association of the county of New York does to the lawyers there. 
A permanent meeting place has not yet been acquired, but will be very 
shortly, 

Brooklyn Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. — 
On the same lines as Mr. Gerry's Society across the river; 1,269 com- 
plaints have been heard this past year, 279 cases prosecuted before the 
court and 237 convictions obtained. In the society's eleven years' work 
4,560 children have been removed from evil parents and guardians 
and cared for, and 2,939 convictions have been secured. Founded 1880; 
headquarters and " shelter," 105 Schermerhorn street. 

Brooklyn Society of Vermonters. — Meets annually to dine on " Ver- 
monters' Day" Qan. 17). The society was organized March 4, 1891, the 
looth anniversary of Vermont's admission into the Union. Women as well 
as men are among its members. Secretary's address, 436 Clinton avenue; 
membership about 100. 

Brooklyn Teachers' Association. — An influential organization of 
nearly 2,000 teachers, male and female, formed with the aim of mutual 
acquaintance, improvement and the pushing of professional interests. 
These objects are accomplished by classes in the languages and sciences 
and frequent meetings in the Board of Education Building. Organized 
1874. 

Brooklyn Women's Club. — This would be considered a purely literary 
society were it not for its practical work. It founded the Business Women's 
Union (see below),, and now has a free Kindergarten under its charge. Its 
intellectual work consists of the reading of Present Day Papers on many 
topics. Meetings are held every other Monday afternoon at the rooms of 
the Union. Organized 1869; membership 148. Men are admitted to hono- 
ary membership. 

Brooklyn Women's Suffrage Association. — A society for discussion 
alone. The first meeting was in 1862, and activity only ceased between 
1 88 1 and 1S83. The meetings are now held in the parlors of the Business 
Women's Union on the third Tuesday of every month. Eminent women 
frequently address the association. Membership about 100. 

Business Women's Union. — "To furnish a comfortable home for self- 
supporting women at a low price." Founded in the spring of 1871. Ac- 
comodates about 40 boarders. Located at 80 Willoughby street. 

The Daughters of the Revolution. — A " chapter" of the New York 
society, numbering thirty to forty members, and founded in October, 1891, 
Its object is primarily patriotic, and afterward social. Papers on local 
Revolutionary history are read at the meetings. The Regent's address is 
46 Willow street. The Sons of the Revolution have no association here, 
though they are well represented in the New York society. 

Emerald Association. — By a brilliant annual ball at the Academy 
(netting usually some $6,000 a year), this society raises funds for the Roman 
Catholic Orphan Asylum. The first ball was held January 12th, 1839. 
Rooms, 44 Court street; membership 216. 

New England's Society in the City of Brooklyn. — Celebrates the 
Landing of the Pilgrims by a banquet on December 21st of each year. Its 
other objects are to promote charity and good fellowship, to encourage the 
study of New England literature, and to establish a library. Incorporated 
1880; membership 450. 

Packer Alumnae. — The association was founded in the spring of 1882. 
About the end of May a luncheon is given at the Packer, and through the 



CLUBS AND AZr^OCUTlOm. 41 

winter Sattl1*5&^* ttiottiing- lectures are teM at private residences. It pub- 
lishes a paper semi-annually, the " Packer Alumna." Membership 525. 

Polytechnic Alumni Association. — To keep alive the old. institution's 
fellowship by an annual dinner. Organized in 1869, ig men present. At 
the last dinner ('92) over 100 were present. 

Polytechnic Reunion. — Broader in purpose, including all ex-students. 
Founded in 1887. Membership varies from 100 to 150. Dinners in Rem- 
sen Hall. 

St. Nicholas Society of Nassau Island. — To collect and preserve in- 
formation of the history, settlements and customs of the early inhabitants 
of the island, and for social intercourse. Founded 1848; rooms, 30 Court 
street; membership 300. 

St. Patrick's Society of the City of Brooklyn. — Object, to celebrate 
the day by a public dinner. Founded 1848; address, 546 Second street; 
membership 250. 

Society of Old Brooklynites. — To preserve the traditions of old 
Brooldyn. Meets on the first Thursday evening of each month in the Sur- 
rogate's courtroom. Only those who have been residents of Brooklyn for 
fifty years are eligible to membership. The annual dinner occurs in April. 
Membership over 300. Society calls eu masse on the Mayor on New Year's 
Day. Organized 1880. 

Union for Christian Work. — "A relief" organization, with employ- 
ment bureau, laundry providing work for poor women, library and drawing 
and shorthand classes. The library is the second largest free lending libra- 
ry in the city. The union is supported mainly by voluntary contributions. 
It was organized in November, 1886, and its first rooms were in the Hamil- 
ton Building,- 44 Court street. 3,187 persons were assisted by this associa- 
tion during 1892. 

Volunteer Firemen's Association. — To provide a headquarters for ex- 
firemen of the volunteer days, and for mutual aid. Rooms, City Hall, 
organized and incorporated 1885; membership 800. 

Women's Health Protective Association. — Has the aim of bringing 
about cleanliness of the streets and public vehicles. No regular meeting 
place. President's address, 73 Macon street. Incorporated i8go; member- 
ship 300. 

_ Yale Alumni Association of Long Island.— Purely a fraternal organi- 
zation. Quarterly reunions and annual dinner. Organized in the fall of 
1886; membership over 200; 62 Wall street, New York City. 

Young Men's Christian Association.— Undenominational, and on the 
lines of the New York society, after which it is largely modeled. It has a 
membership of 3,500 in its Central Association (502 Fulton street) and four 
branches. Two more branches are on the verge of organization , w;hich 
will add 500 more young men to the rolls. Its g>-mnasia and educational 
departments (eight of the latter) are admirably equipped. The library of 
the Central Association contains 12,000 volumes. Over 500 young men 
secured employment this past year through the association's bureau. 
There are outing, athletic and camera sections, and a large Boys' Branch. 
Organized 1853; in new building, 1885. 

Young Women's Christian Association. — "For the temporal, moral 
and mental welfare of young women." In its aims and features it closely 
resembles the Young Men's Association and the New York institution of the 
same name. Nearly all of the prominent women of Brooklyn are actively 
Interested in its work; 900 young women secured positions through its 



42 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

employment bureau last year. It has a " Woman's Exchange," with sales- 
rooms, parlors, hall, gymnasia and baths, besides classes in many branches 
and a "Vacation House " at Locust Valley, L. I. Attached to the Asso- 
ciation is a boarding house at 352 Pacific street, where 30 girls can find 
board and lodging. Endowment fund, $122,000. Membership 3,000; or- 
ganized 1888. House at the junction of Schermerhorn street and Flatt)ush 
avenue. 



THE /cRENA OF SPORTS /cND f ASTIMES. 

Summer Sports and Athletics — Yachting and Rowing — Horse Racing- 
Winter Sports — Indoor Games and Pastimes. 



We Americans do nothing by halves ; it is either the whole thing or 
nothing with us. Within the past thirty years we have changed from a 
people who scarcely ever took part m recreative exercises to a condition of 
rivalry with old England in our natural born love of sports and pastimes. 
This growth in popularity of recreative physical exercise, too, is not an 
evanescent thing ; we have really become permanently attached to out- 
door sports of all kinds, and our desire, as a people, to excel all othep 
nations, and especially England, in every department of manly exercises 
will not cease until we have carried off championship honors on every 
field of sport in the civilized world. 

There has been a wonderful change in the once staid old "City of 
Churches " — as Brooklyn is called — within the past quarter of a century in 
regard to the growth of sports in popular favor in this city, and especially 
as to field games and athletic sports. Fifty years ago the old Eng- 
lish game of cricket was the only field game seen play ed in Brooklyn m 
which adults took part. But since those early days a wonderful transfor- 
mation has taken place, and now Brooklyn more than rivals New York in 
the popular favor shown the leading field sports of the period. 

The sports and pastimes to which Brooklyn people are now devoted 
may be properly ranked in classes, and these include equestrian sports, 
such as running and trotting races, driving, riding and the game of polo ; 
andjthe field games, such as baseball, cricket, lacrosse, football, tennis, 
croquet, archery, lawn bowls and quoiting. The sports of the several 
seasons, too, include another variety, such as the summer sjjorts of )^acht- 
ing, rowing, canoeing, fox hunting, angling and swimming ; added to 
which are the winter sports of skating, curling, ice-boating and sledding ; 
and under the generic term of athletics may be named walking, run- 
ning, jumping, bicycling, hare and hounds, fencing, boxing and wrestling ; 
while the indoor sports in vogue include billiards, chess, bowling, shuffle 
board, hand ball, and the special exercises of the gymnasium. Every one 
of these several sports and pastimes of the present period are now in vogue 
in Brooklyn, each during its special season and some all the year round, 
and no visitor to the city can fail to find either facilities for the special 
sport with which he is familiar or for the particular one in which he may 
desire to become an expert. With this preface we begin our Guide to Sports 
and Pastimes in Brooklyn for 1893. 

There is one thing in which Brooklyn excels all other cities in the way 
of facilities for the full enjoyment of field games, and that is in its posses- 
sion of the finest public recreation grounds in the United States, viz., its 
noted Prospect Park. When this public park was under the superintend- 
ence of Mr. John Y. Culyer, it was the model park of the country for the 
facilities it afforded for the playing of all kinds of field games, alike for 
winter sports as well as those for the summer season. Since Mr. Culyer's 
retirement, however, these facilities, though still great, have not been im- 



44 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

proved as they should have been. In Prospect Park there is the grand 
parade ground of forty odd acres in extent, on which the amateur baseball 
players revel in their pet game as they do on no other public recreation 
ground in the country. There, too, do the cricketers, lacrosse and foot 
ball players congregate in force during the summer and fall seasons. Be- 
sides which there is the great Park Lake with its sixty acres of water sur- 
face, on which rowing and sailing and miniature yachting are enjoyed dur- 
ing the summer, and skating, curling and ice-boating in the winter time. 
Added to these facilities is the extensive common of the Park, with its cut 
a.nd rolled grassy lawns, on which the tennis and croquet players enjoy 
their respective games, while near by is the archery field. Besides which 
there are the Park picnic grounds where the church and school picnics of 
the summer time are thoroughly enjoj^ed under the protection of the Park 
police, free from the evil contaminations of the beer garden picnic parks of 
the city. What Brooklyn would do without its grand public recreation 
grounds at Prospect Park it would be difficult to tell; suffice it to say, that in 
no single respect does New York Central Park equal Brooklyn's Prospect 
Park in the facilities for the enjoyment of sports and pastimes which are at 
public command. 

The Sporting Clubs of the City. 

Brooklyn is now noted for its prominent clubs which are, to a more or 
less extent, devoted to recreative sports. First and foremost of these is 
its model outdoor sport organization f the Crescent Club, with its handsome 
new clubhouse at Bay Ridge, its city headquarters at 71 Pierrepont St., 
its fine boathouse on the Bay Shore, together with its baseball, cricket, la- 
crosse, football and tennis fields, and its indoor social attractions. Then there 
are the wealthy class of social organizations of the city, prominent among 
which are the clubs with elegant homes, like the Union League, the Mon- 
tauk, the Hamilton, the Lincoln and the Carleton, together with the 
Brooklyn, the Excelsior, Aurora Grata, Midwood and Knickerbocker Clubs, 
all of which foster the most attractive of the indoor sports of the period, 
such as bowling, billiards, whist, etc. Added to these social organizations 
are the various bicycle clubs throughout the city, like the Kings County 
Wheelmen, the Brooklyn Bicycle Club, the Brooklyn Ramblers et al,, all 
of which enjoy the facilities for wheeling which the asphalt paved streets, 
its parkways and boulevards provide, to an extent which makes the city 
an exceptional resort for bicyclists. 

A finer yachting centre than Brooklyn waters present it would be diffi- 
cult to provide. Its leading yacht clubs find safe anchorage in front of 
their respective clubhouses at Bay Ridge and Gravesend Bay, and the best 
of sailing facilities are afforded by the inner and outer bays of New Yort 
harbor. The rowing clubs, too, have at command quiet waters for their 
regattas in front of their boathouses on the Bay Ridge shores and at 
Gravesend and Sheepshead Bays, while the canoe clubs simply revel in 
the facilities for their club races which the waters around South and West 
Brooklyn afford. The devotees of the rod and gun clubs find good fishing 
waters and shooting grounds at command in the suburbs of Brooklyn, the 
angling facilities for salt water fishing being unusually great in the island 
inlets and bays, while an hour's ride by rail will take them to well-filled 
trout ponds on the south shore of the island. There, too, the votaries of 
the turf find in the Jockey Club courses at Sheepshead Bay, Gravesend, 
Brighton Beach and the Brooklyn Driving Club's Park all that can be desired 



THE ARENA OF SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 45 

« 

in the way of first-class running and trotting race courses. In fact, Brook- 
Ivn and Kin^s County combined is now a sporting centre unsurpassed by 
any other outside of the great metropolis. In deyoting the pages of our 
Guide to the Sports and Pastimes of Brooklyn, we shall giye them m the 
order of their classifications under the respectiye heads of the sports of the 
two separate seasons, and also of outdoor and indoor sports, each sport 
being giyen a separate head under its special class. 

The Sports of the Summer Season. 

We find under this head all of the well-known field games in vogue, 
as also the special sports of the social club men, such as yachting rowing, 
canoeing, bicyding, etc. In this chapter we begin with the field games, 
giving a special article to each in the order of its position in popular favor, 
and we begin with the national game. 

Baseball. 

'J'he facilities for the enjoyment of baseball in Brooklyn surpass 
those at commandinNew York "by a large majority." First and foremost 
comes the great baseball field out at the parade ground at Prospect Park, 
on which forty-acre field of level turf twenty odd basebah matches can be 
proceeded with at one and the same time. On the Fourth of July and other 
hoUday occasions, at one time or another, nearly a hundred ball matches 
have been played there between sunrise and sunset, A portion of the 
field on the southern side is laid out ^Aath three diamond fields for the 
use of the uniformed clubs of the Brooklyn Amateur Association, m their 
regular championship games of each season. These clubs as well as 
other clubs having uniformed players, are granted the use of the dressmg 
?ooms of the clubhouse at the parade grounds, and it is a very attractive 
sio-ht to see the six clubs of the association engaged m championship con- 
?eirs eve?y Saturday afternoon from May to September each of the 
three fields being surrounded by crowds of spectators who specially en- 
iov the free exhibitions. On school half-holiday occasions every vacant lot 
or field in the suburbs of the city is utilized for ball games; besides which 
there is the model ball grounds of the professional class of the country 
looted in the Twenty-sixth Ward of the city at East New York which is 
patronized to a very large extent every week day during the League 
championship season, this baseball park being owned by the Brook- 
lyn Baseball Association, the representative ^League club of Brook- 
lyn The faciUties for reaching these several ball grounds are as follows : 
The parade ground is most easily reached by the trolley cars which run 
from the Hamilton and the Fulton ferries, as they go direct to the club- 
house end of the parade ground, the fare being five cents and the time 
from the ferries about half an hour. The Flatbush avenue trolley cars also 
go near the eastern end of the parade ground, passengers getting out at 
Clarkson st.;the horse cars from the eastern district of the city run- 
nine throuo-h Frankhnand Nostrand avenues, with a branch road starting 
from the Wlllink entrance to the Park, also set passengers out at the parade 

^"""""roVeach the professional ball grounds at East New York the nearest 
route is by the Kings County Elevated Railway from Fulton Ferry and 
the Bridge, the Union Elevated roads taking passengers from the Eastern 
District to East New York, but not within a quarter mile walk of the 



46 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

grounds, while the Kings County road runs to the grounds direct. The 
time to Eastern Park by special trains from the Bridge on match days is 
twenty -five minutes, fare five cents. 

Among the prominent baseball clubs of Brooklyn for 1S93 are those 
representing the several prominent collegiate schools, such as the Poly- 
technic and Pratt Institute, the Adelphi Academy and the Brooklyn High 
School and the Latin School. Most of these clubs play their championship 
con cests at Prospect Park, but some of them play at the old professional 
grounds at Washington Park, located on Fourth and Fifth avenues and Third 
and Fifth streets, South Brooklyn. 

Cricket. 

The English game of cricket has been a time-honored sport in Brook- 
lyn for the past half century, and never before has it been as popular in 
the city as it is' now. The facilities afforded for playing the game on the 
free field at the parade ground at Prospect Park has been a great aid to 
the local clubs, the park being the field headquarters of the Cricket clubs 
of the city. Another thing which materially helped the game of cricket in 
Brooklyn was its adoption by the Young Men's Christian Association, their 
club being known as the Brooklyn Cricket Club. The oldest existing cricket 
organization of the city is the Manhattan Club, which has had a special 
home at Prospect Park since the seventies. The other local cricket clubs 
for 1893 are the Kings County, the Bedford, Sons of St. George and the 
South Brooklyn, all of which clubs play their league championship contests 
on the centre cricket fields of the parade grounds at Prospect Park. The 
Crescent J Athletic Club has organized a cricket team for 1893 which will 
practice on the club's cricket field at Bay Ridge this summer. For infor- 
mation about reaching the grounds see page 64. 

There are in the suburbs of the Eastern District of Brooklyn, and ad- 
joining the Queens County line, and also in Long Island City, several ball 
grounds which are used by the class of semi-professionals chiefly for 
Sunday games, the most prominent of which is the Ridgewood grounds 
near the terminus of th^ Ridgewood branch of the Union Elevated Rail- 
road. 

Lacrosse. 

The Canadian national game of lacrosse is practiced at Prospect 
Park this year mostly by visiting teams from New York, as there is no reg- 
ular Brooklyn lacrosse club, as there was a couple of years ago, the 
wealthy athletic clubs of the metropolis having absorbed nearly all of the 
Brooklyn lacrosse players. The Crescent Athletic Club of Brooklyn, 
however, has a lacrosse team which promises to make its mark. 

FootbalL 

The most prominent football team in Brooklyn is that of the Crescent 
Athletic Club, which team, composed, as it hitherto has been, of graduates 
of Harvard, Yale and Princeton Universities, has won championship 
honors in the American Football Association for eight consecutive years. 
The other football teams of note in Brooklyn are those of the Adelphi 
Academy; the Polytechnic and Pratt Institutes; the Brooklyn Latin and 
High School; the Columbian Eleven, composed of old graduates of Colum- 
bia College; the Varuna Boat Club team, and that of the Bedford Prospect 
teams. The Crescents play their f^hampionship games at Eastern Park, 



THE ARENA OF SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 47 

and the school teams at Washington and Prospect Parks. All of these 
games are played under the college rules. But there are several clubs 
which play Sunday football at Ridgewood Park and at the Recreation 
grounds of Long Island C.'ity under association rules, besides the clubs 
which play under the rules of the Gaelic football clrbs, a game which is 
really the only true football now played. 

Tennis. 

Brooklyn ranks as the greatest tennis centre in the United States. The 
great facilities aiforded for the enjoyment of the game at the public parks 
of the city — notably so at Prospect Park — has led to the organization of 
hundreds of local tennis clubs in Brooklyn within the past year or two. 
Outside of Prospect Park, on " the Hill," at " Prospect Heights," and, in 
fact, in every part of the city where society people reside, tennis grounds 
abound, every vacant lot at command of the clubs being utilized in the 
summer time for tennis players by small clubs and coteries of players. But 
it is at Prospect Park that tennis especially flourishes. On the Common 
in the sumaier time over a hundred tennis fields are to be seen occupied at 
one time on its extensive lawn. The turf is not kept as smoothly cut or 
rolled as it might be, but the fun and frolic of the game is enjoyed at the 
Park as it is nowhere else. 

Tennis is also played at Washington Park, fronting on Cumberland 
street; also at Tompkins Park, in the " Hill" district of the city, bounded 
by Marcy, Tompkins, Lafayette an d Greene avenues. 

Tennis grounds abound, too, in the neighborhood of the Adelphi 
Academy and the Pratt Institute on Grand and Classen avenues and be- 
tween Willoughby and Lafayette avenues. In South Brookljm, too, tennis 
grounds on vacant lots are numerous, one of the largest being located on 
President and Carroll streets near Seventh avenue, this being occupied by 
the Altiora Tennis Club. The Prospect Heights Club, too, has grounds on 
Eighth avenue near Tenth street, as also the Stirling Club on Stirling 
place. Among the clubs on the " Hill " district of the city, exclusive of 
the academy clubs, may be named the Bedford Club, the Brooklyn Racket 
Club, the Brooklyn Tennis Club, the Clover Hill Club, the Jefferson Heights 
Club, the Kings County Club, the Lament Club, the Lexington, Madison, 
the Windenmare and a dozen others. All the suburban villages have tennis 
clubs, that of the Althea Club at Blythebourne being noteworthy. The 
tennis grounds of the Crescent Athletic Club at Bay Ridge are among the 
finest in the city. These are reached by the Third avenue steam cars to 
Eighty-second street. The Marine and Field Club at Bath Beach is 
another fine tennis resort. Flatbush, too, has several tennis clubs, the 
most noteworthy for its fine grounds being those of the Knickerbocker Field 
Club on Eighteenth street and Avenue A, and the Midwood Club on Fulton 
street. The Flatbush Field Club also has good grounds on Waverly avenue. 
In fact, it would be difficult to visit any part of the fashionable districts of the 
city in summer and not meet with a tennis club party enjoying their 
favorite game. 

The following rules and regulations governing the free use of the 
tennis fields at Prospect Park will be found useful to parties of players 
made up for a day's outing on a tennis field of their own. The demand for 
the park fields for tennis is very great during the summer months, and early 
applications are necessary to get an assignment of a field. The rule is 
"first come, first served," each day, except in the case of clubs playing regu- 



48 . CITIZEN GUIDE. 

larly at the park, to whom a degree of preference is shown. The card of 
rules is as follows: 

The following regulations for tennis playing at the parks are establish- 
ed with a view to secure the comfort and convenience of all persons to 
whom courts shall have been assigned for the season: 

The demands for courts at this time are grreater than are our accommodations to meet 
them; for this reason it is necessary that applicants shall select the days and parts of days 
preferable by rheni and state them definitely in the application. 

No person will be permitter! to play in the park without tennis shoes. 

All organizations must furnish a small banner or pennant with the name of the club 
inscribed upon it, and fastened on a small staff to be set up near the court when occupied 
by players. The objecc of this is to identify readily the organization to whom the couit 
has been assigned and to avoid any interference or confusion. 

Preference in the assignment of courts will te given to those organizations that are 
most likely to play with some i-egularity throughout the summer months; discrimination 
as to choice of ground will De made in favor of adults and more experienced players. Or- 
ganizations and individuals desiring temporary accommodation will be provided for from 
the general courts, a number of which wUl be established for the use of those persons who 
desire to play for the day. These may be applied for on the ground in conformity with the 
rules governing their use at the time. 

Clubs must make their selections of the days not to exceed four days in each week in 
order that courts may be made to serve more than one party if necessary. There will prob- 
ably be no ditTiculty in accommodating tiiose "svho desue to piay eyery day iii the week, but, 
in order to avoid possible complaint and dissatisfaction, this condition is imposed upon 
applicants. 

A.S far as it is possible for us to do so, lockers will be provided to all organizations of 
four or more members. Our means are limited in this particular, and the mtention is to 
provide only for the storage of n 3ts and other playing apparatus, and p.' ay ers should come 
to the park in clothing suitable for playing, as but linjited dressing facilities can be af- 
forded 

The attention of all persons is specially called to the injimction that valuable cloth- 
ing, money, articles of jewelry, etc., nuist not be left in the lockers or upon the grounds, 
except in the care of their own memb ers, or their friends, and any disregard ol this I'ule must 
be at their own risk. It is impossible for us to inform ourselves as to the individual mem- 
bership of the numerous organizations playing at the park. In case of loss of clothing, etc., 
of any kind, however, report the facts promptly to the keeper or other attendant. Avoid 
all discussions or disputes en the gromifls, and consult the keeper or communicate prou' pt- 
ly with the supei-intendent. The grounds will be ready for use daily from 9 to 6.30, after 
wliich latter hour it is not desirable to play. 

When the turf is in condition for use the card designating the court assigned will be 
delivered to a representative of the club at the Litchfield Mansion, in the Park, in order 
that there shall be no miscarriage or m)fc,understanding. 

These rules apply generally to all the parks in which tennis playing is 
practicable. 

The courts will be laid out and maintained at all proper times at the ex- 
pense of the Brooklyn Park Commission. All the employees are paid 
for their services while upon the park, and there will be no charge whatever 
for any work or service performed by them under any circumstances. 
They are prohibited from taking or receiving any fee or presents for any 
attention or service performed by them, and the giving of any fees or com- 
pensation is alike prohibited on the part of the players, from whom the priv- 
ilege of playing will be withdrawn in case this rule is violated, while the 
employee will be subjected to peremptory discharge. 

Croquet. 

This once most fashionable field game, while it has been superseded by 
tennis to a large extent, still finds its votaries in Brooklyn, the croquet 
centre of the city being on the Common at Prospect Park. There is but 
one croquet club in Brooklyn of any note, and that is the Brooklyn Cro- 
quet Association, which plays what is known as the " scientific game," and 
has its field at Prospect Park, located on the west side of the Common, near 




V. FDLTON-ST. FEOM CITI MLL ID GALLATIN RL 



TRUST COMPANY. 



THE; 



l^assau T^fust Gojnpapy 

lOl BROADWAY, BROOKLYN, N. Y. 

Capital, $500,000. 



Deposits received subject to check at sight, and interest allowed on the re- 
sulting daily balances. 

Certificates of deposit issued for time deposits, on which special rates will be 
allowed. 

Interest Commences from Date of Deposit. 

Authorized by law to act as Executor, Administrator, Committee, Guardian, 
Trustee, Receiver, Fiscal and Transfer Agent and as Registrar of Stocks and 
Bonds; is a legal depository for Trust Funds and for moneys paid into court. 

LOANS MADE ON APPROVED COLLATERALS. 

Checks on this Company are payable through the New York Clearing House. 

A. I>. WHEELOCK, F»rest. 
WILLIAM mCK^^ j. vice-Prests. O. F. RICHARDSON, Sec'y. 



JOHN TRUSLOIIV, 



Wm. Dick, 
A. D. Baird, 
Darwin R. James, 

E. B. Tuttle, 
John Truslow, 
Ditmas Jewell, 

F. W. Wurster, 

Statement of THE 



John Loughran, 
Edward T. Hulst, 
John T McLoughlin, 
A. M. Suydam, 
Wm. E. Wheelock, 
O. F. Richardson, 
Henry Seibert. 



Bernard Peters, 
Wm. E. Horwill, 
Judah B. Vorhees, 
A. D. Wheelock, 
Wm. F. Gairison, 
John T. WilJets, 
Charles H. Russell, 

NASSAU TRUST COMPANY, of the City of Brooklyn, at the 
close of business, December 31st, 1892. 

ASSETS. LIABILITIES. 

Capital Stock 8^500,000 00 

Due Depositors 3, r 61,013 16 

Certified Checks 5,073 97 

Secretary's Checks ^ 147 75 

Expenses Accrued 1,250 00 

Unearned Interest 546 68 

Undivided Profits 184,835 95 



>,443 70 



135,860 86 
388,403 00 



Cash on hand 

Cash on Deposit in Bank 
and Trust Company . . . 

Bonds and Mortgages 

Stock Investments at 

Market Value 1,303,048 15 

Amount Loaned on Collat- 
erals 1,438,850 00 

Bills Purchased 55,100 00 

Interest Accrued 33, 160 GO 



$3,353,866 40 

9 



»3,363,866 40 

O, F. RICHARDSON, 

Secretary. 



THE ARENA OF SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 49 

the Third street entrance to the Park. The club is composed of veteran 
croquet players, who muster at the Park for play the first spring days that 
the frost is out of the ground, and they play there every fine afternoon until 
the snow covers the field in early December. They have a beautiful lawu 
for the game, and a small shelter house erected by the Park officials lar.t 
year for the storing of club materials, etc. The club has its annual tour- 
neys at the Park, and the members play a ver}^ fine game. Of course, there 
are numbers of croquet coteries which meet at the Park to play the ordinary 
game; besides Avhich, croquet is played by outing parties andp icnics at the 
parks; but this kincl of croquet playing does not compare with the scientific 
methods of the Association players. 

Archery. 

The graceful outdoor exercise of archery is still a feature of the field 
sports enjoyed at Prospect Park, but the furore archery occasioned in 
Brooklyn some years ago has disappeared. Few votaries of archer^' in 
Brooklyn will ever forget the grand archery tournament which occurred on 
the parade ground at Prospect Park a decade ago under the supervision of 
Superintendent John Y. Culyer. It was shortly after that time that the 
archery field at Prospect Park was laid out on the field adjoining Ninth 
avenue and near the Ninth street entrance, and it is on this field that arch- 
ers are to bo seen flying their arrows to the butts during July and August 
each year, but there are only small coteries of archers who gather there 
now, as there are no regular clubs in existence as there v/cre some years 
ago. 

Lawn Bowls. 

This old English lawn game, in vogue with royalty two or three cen- 
turies ago, is being reintroduced in this country, and it is quite a feature at 
Dunnellen in New Jersey. Last year a few games were jilayed at Prospect 
Park, and this year there will be a Lawn Bowls Club organized to play on the 
Common at Prospect Park. It is a quiet outdoor field exercise, full of excit- 
ing incidents. It is likened to curling on the green lawn, as it is played on 
the same principle. A ball is rolled to a certain spot on the lawn and the 
game consists in rolling other balls as near this spot ball as possible. 

Quoiting'. 

The old English game of quoits was a favorite sport in Brooklyn years 
ago, but of late years it has not been played to any such extent as it 
was. There is a quoit court on Court street near Hamilton avenue 
where professional ];31a3^ers gather frequently during the season, known 
as Dick White's Quoit Rink, located at 577 Court street, the veteran pro- 
prietor being himself an expert at the game. Quoit matches are played 
there every day throughout the season. There used to be a number of 
favorite resorts where the quoit players of the city met some years ago, but 
this excellent exercise and exciting sport has fallen off in popularity in 
Brooklyn of late years, but it has sprung up into favor again since 1891. 

Athletic Sports. 

Under the head of athletic sports there are a number of outdoor as well 
as indoor exercises which are not included among the regular field games 
in vogue in Brooklyn. The programme of recreative exercises of the legit- 
imate athletic clubs of Brooklyn includes contests in running, jumping, 



50 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

walking and gymnastic exercises generally. Then there are clubs devoted 
to the pedestrian sport of "hare and hound," or " paper chasing " and 
" cross-country ruijning," as it is called. Of the legitimate class of athletic 
clubs, that of the Crescent, with its fine clubhouse and grounds at the foot of 
Eighty-second St. , Bay Ridge, is the model organization of the city. There is 
the athletic branch of the Young Men's Christian Association, with its fine 
gymnasium, at the Association Hall on Bond street and Fulton ; also, the 
athletic branches of the Polytechnic and Pratt Institute and the Adelphi 
Academy, together with the athletic clubs of the various Brooklyn National 
Guard regiments, the events of which take place at the armories, these 
being chiefly of the Twenty-third, Thirteenth and Forty-seventh regiments. 
There has been a large increase in the number of athletic clubs in 
Brooklyn since the era of hard glove fights set in a few years ago. 
Ordinarily athletic clubs are organized for the sole object of fostering a love 
of outdoor sports generally, and for the purpose of promoting healthy and 
manly athletic games and exercises in particular. But a class of so-called 
athletic clubs have sprung into existence in Brooklyn within the past three 
years, the real object of which is to obtain gate money by glove fight exhi- 
bitions, and not solely to promote legitimate athletic sports. Out of a list 
of twenty or thirty of the existing athletic clubs of the city, scarcely half a 
dozen are entitled to be classed among such clubs as the older organizations 
of the kind of the metropolitan district, but one, in fact, combining in its 
organization the essentials of a model athletic club, that one being the 
Crescent Athletic Club of Brooklyn. This club occupies an exceptional 
position in every respect, as it is the only organization of the kind in the 
city which has its own clubhouse and grounds, while the high social 
character of its members place it upon the plane of the best athletic club of 
the metropolis. In the struggle for gate money receipts from prize fight- 
ing, the so-called athlatic clubs forget all about athletic games at their tour- 
neys, as a rule, and confine their exhibitions to the glove fights between the 
semi-professional class of " amachoor " boxers. Now and then they get up 
a few contests in running and jumping, etc., to give a coloring of legitimacy 
to their club work, but their principal business is prize fights with hard or 
" skin " gloves in which knock-outs with plenty of gore thrown in are the 
" gate " attractions. -The scene of most of these prize fights in Brooklyn 
was the Clermont Avenue Rink, adjoining the Twenty -third Regiment Ar- 
mory, until the Coney Island Athletic Club sprang into existence as the 
headquarters of the local prize fights of the period, that club having soon 
monopolized all the leading professional prize fighting events at great 
pecuniary profit to the club. The culminating point in the success of these 
" peculiar" organizations has been reached this year, and their decadence 
must follow in the near future. Like the winter racing and all other bru- 
talizing features of sports, the prize fighting athletic clubs will eventually 
disappear under the reaction of public opinion which set in in 1892. 

Hare and Hounds. 

No better locality can be had for the votaries of the pedestrian's game 
of "hare and hounds," or "paper chasing," as it is sometimes called, than the 
suburbs of Brooklyn afford, as the whole country south and east of Pros- 
pect Park is as level as a prairie, and it is crossed, by plenty of roadways 
in all directions. The leading hare and hounds club of Brooklyn was 
the Prospect Harriers, who also engaged in other athletic games, but 



THE ARENA OF SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 51 

paper chasing was their specialty. But this noted club disbanded last Jan- 
uary and its athletes joined other clubs. 

The fine macadamized drives throughout the Park, and the saddle 
roads and pathways for bicycling, are to be included in the list of facilities 
for recreative exercises which Prospect Park affords. 

The Professional Ball Fields. 

Except in the eastern suburbs of the city, where there are several in- 
closed grounds on which semi-professional clubs play, chiefly on Sunday, 
there is but one regular professional baseball ground in Brooklyn, and 
that is at Eastern Park in East New York, now the Twenty-sixth Ward of 
Brooklyn, which ground is owned by the Brooklyn Baseball Association, 
or rather by the syndicate which controls the organization. Eastern Park 
is situated on grounds adjoining the eastern parkway on its front entrance, 
and close to the Snedeker avenue and Eastern Parkway Station of the 
Kings County Elevated Railroad; while the Manhattan Beach Railroad, from 
Thirty -fourth Street Ferry, New York, runs by its eastern side ; but there is 
no station of the latter road nearer than the Manhattan junction on Atlantic 
avenue. The ball grounds are reached in twenty-five minutes from the 
Brooklyn end of the Bridge, and the Union Elevated Railroad station at Man- 
hattan junction, carries patrons of the ground from the Eastern District. 
The grounds are the most extensive of any baseball club in the country. 
The admission rates are on the theatrical plan of seventy-five cents, fifty 
cents and twenty-five cents, according as the seats are on the grand 
stand, the pavilion or the " bleacheries," there being a separate entrance 
for each. It is the coolest ball ground in the country from June to the 
close of August, a sea breeze from the ocean blowing in every afternoon in 
fair weather. Mr. Charles H. Byrne is president and Charles B. Ebbetts 
secretary, with Messrs. Goodwin, Abel and Byrne, directors. 

The Sports of Suiniuer — Yachting, Rowing and Canoeing-. 

Under the head of summer sports, while the various field games already 
mentioned are of course included, special reference is made to yachting, 
rowing, canoeing and swimming, which are sports peculiar to the summer 
season, while several of the field games are indulged in during the early 
spring and the late fall months. Brooklyn is especially a city available for 
the yacht, rowing and canoe clubs. On the South Brooklyn shore from 
Fortieth street to Bay Ridge, not only are there good anchorage grounds 
for yacht clubs, but also comparatively quiet waters for the rowing clubs. 
The same may be said of the waters of Gravesend Bay fronting the Island 
shore from Fort Hamilton to the mouth of Coney Island Creek. Then, 
too, at Sheepshead Bay there are facilities for the sailing of small sized 
yachts, and for rowing races on smooth waters, while the waters of the 
New York Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, fronting Coney Island, afford good 
sailing courses for all sized yachts. 

The leading 3'-acht organization of Brooklyn is the Atlantic Yacht Club, 
which has its clubhouse and anchorage grounds on the South Brooklyn 
shore, foot of Fifty-sixth street, its club fleet including first class schoon- 
ers, steam yachts and large sized sloop yachts, as well as the class of small 
cabin yachts. The next in importance is the old Brooklyn Yacht Club, 
once the leading yacht club of the city; it has its clubhouse on the shore at 
Bath Beach, and its anchorage grounds in front of its clubhouse, as 
also the Marme and Field Club, which owns a fleet of small yachts which 



53 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

anchor off its grounds near to that of the Brooklyn club. There are also 
several of the smaller class of ^^acht clubs, such as the Coronet and the Ex- 
celsior, which have their clubhouses at the foot of Ninety-second street and 
P'orty-third street, respectively. There is the Bensonhurst Yacht Club, lo- 
cated at Bath Beach, and the Seawanhaka Yacht Club, which has its old 
clubhouse at the foot of South Tenth street in the Eastern District, and 
a new one at South Oyster Bay, L. I., added to which is the Williamsburg 
Yacht Club, with its clubhouse near Astoria, L. I. 

The American Model Yacht Club sails its miniature yachts on the large 
lake at Prospect Park, and stores its boats in a room adjoining the Well 
House on the lake shore. In the summer time every Saturday afternoon , in 
favorable weather, the club has its miniature yacht races on the large lake, 
the scene presented at such times being very picturesque. 

Rowing in Brooklyn has flovuished for several years past under the 
Long Island Rowing Assocation, which held its seventh annual regatta in 
1892. The clubs located in and around Brooklyn include the Seawanhaka 
Club, which has its headquarters and boathouse foot of South Tenth street, 
Brooklyn; theVaruna Boat Club, with its boathouse foot of Fifty-eighth 
street and its clubhouse at 169 Atlantic avenue; the Nameless Rowing 
Club, with its boathouse foot of Fifty-sixth street; the Nautilus Boat Club, 
with its clubhouse foot of Sixty-fifth street, and the Crescent Athletic 
Club's rowing department, which has its fine, large boathouse on the 
Bay Ridge shore opposite the clubhouse, foot of Eighty-sixth street. 
The Marine and Field Club at Bath Beach also has a rowing department 
and a boathouse on the Gravesend Bay shore. All of these clubs, located 
on the shore from Thirty-sixth street to Bay Ridge, can be easily reached 
by the trolley cars on Smith street and Third avenue from Fulton Ferry or 
the Bridge. 

Facilities for canoeing are very great in the waters surrounding the 
southern part of Brooklyn, but at present there is only one bona fide club 
located in Brooklyn, viz., the Brooklyn Canoe Club, which has its boathouse 
foot of Fifty-sixth street, and its city clubrooms at 199 Montague street, 
This is a club which devotes its whole attention to canoeing. It is lim.ited 
to a membership of 30. Its boathouse floats at the anchorage grounds of 
the Atlantic Yacht Club, and the house holds thirty odd canoes. It has the 
best record of any canoe club in and around the metropolis, viz., that of 
winning eighteen out of twenty-tv»'0 races engaged in in one year. 

The New York Canoe Club last year located its boathouse on the 
shores of Gravesend Bay. The other canoe club is that connected with the 
noted Marine and Field Club, a combination organization which stands next in 
importance to the Crescent Athletic Club, this club meriting a special de- 
scription. It is the one club in Brooklyn devoted to summer sports which 
occupies a decidedly exceptional position, inasmuch as it con-bines facilities 
for yachting, rowing and canoeing with those for such field games as ten- 
nis, croquet and lawn bowls, together with social accessories for the full- 
enjoyment of leisure hours by the seaside during the hot summ.er months. 
There is no club in the country which possesses a more charming location 
or as attractive a clubhouse as the Marine and Field Club at their house on 
the shore of Gravesend Bay at Bath Beach, L. I. For beauty of 
scenery and extent of marine landscape it is unsurpassed. The building 
and grounds of the club are located near the picturesque home of the late 
Barney Williams at Bath Beach, and there is a handsome entrance through 
the grounds, having a broad gravel walk, shaded by trees on each side, 



THE ARENA OF SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 53 

which leads up direct to the clubhouse proper, and to the tower hall and 
the club's cottage dormitory. The former is a handsome three-story build- 
ing having a wide veranda on three sides, from which a fine view of the lower 
bay is to be had, and from the upper story a grand marine view is obtained 
extending from the Atlantic shore to the highlands of Jersey and State n 
Island Sound. On the western edge there is a well-equipped boathouse 
which shelters about five thousand dollars' worth of boats, from the large 
eight-oared bargees to the single-pair-oared racing shells, as also the club's 
canoes. There is also an extensive well-turfed field for tennis courts front- 
ing the buildings on the grounds. Several circumstances have combined to 
make the club a great success since its incorporation in 1885. What with 
its organizers of financial and executive ability, and the high social position 
its members occupy — who in 1892 numbered over 300 — together with the 
club's real estate so delightfully located and its close proximity and easy 
access to New York, the club possesses exceptional advantages. 

That valuable aquatic sport and exercise, swimming, has a school for 
instruction in the natatorial art at the foot of Fifty-sixth street, South Brook- 
lyn, and at Fort Hamilton, at which swimming is taught by Miss Bennett, 
who has developed several expert lady swimmers for several years past. 

Winter Sports — Skatiug and Curling. 

Brooklyn surpasses the Metropolis in the facilities it offers for a full 
enjoyment of the winter sports of skating, curling, ice boating and sledding, 
while the driveways for sleighing, when there is plenty of snow at com- 
mand, equal the best New York can present^ as the experience of the 
winter of 1892 and 1893 fully proved. But it is especially for skating facili- 
ties that Brooklyn is noted, the Prospect Park lakes alone presenting a sort 
of paradise for the skating fraternity under favorable weather conditions, as 
the park lakes are easily reached from all parts of the city, besides which 
skating at Prospect Park is invariably at command some daj's earlier than 
it is at Central Park, New York* The skating facilities of Prospect Park — 
after a severe cold wave has given a thick coating of ice to the lakes, and 
before a fall of snow interferes temporarily with the sport — extend from 
the skating house, located at the easterly end of the park near Willinck 
entrance, past the two inner lake bridges to the large sixty-acre lake which 
reached near to the southern end of the park. The inner lakes are thrown 
open to the public as soon as a surface of ice at least four inches in thickness 
has been formed, for until then it is not regarded by the j)ark officials as 
safe. This inner lake for skating is kept ready for use despite of repeated 
falls of snow, but a heavy snowstorm temporarily stops skating on the large 
outer lake beyond the main plaza at the east end. But when the large late 
has a surface of at least six inches of ice on it without snow, it is then thrown 
open to skaters, and in the mornings it is used for ice boating. At all 
times during the winter the curlers are provided with a clear surface of ice 
on the large lake 'in front of the Well House for their rinks, which 
seldom exceed half a dozen at one time; but three local curling clubs use 
the ice for their matches, these being the Caledonia, the Thistle and the 
Long Island City Clubs, the latter only on match -playing days. 

The skating hours at Prospect Park, when the ball is up, are from 8 
a. m., until 10.30 p. m., the inner lake being lighted up at night for skat- 
ing when the ice is in good condition. When there is good skating on the 
large lake as well as on the inner lake, the ball players get up baseball 
matches on the ice to the gratification of thousands of spectators. The un- 



54 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

precedented cold weather of the winter of 1893, in January, led to a period 
of sliating at the park unprecedented for many years past, and the Presi- 
dent of the Park Commission took advantage of the opportunity to inaugu- 
rate a series of skating matches for prizes which he himself offered, some- 
thing before unknown either in the history of the Prospect or Central Parks. 
To reach the park skating lake in winter, the best route is from the 
bridge to the Willinck or t^ astern entrance by the Flatbush trolley car route. 
There is also a route as direct from the Eastern District, via the Franklin 
and Nostrand avenue horse-car routes, which end at the Willinck entrance. 
The curlers find the readiest access to the curling rinks on the large lake via 
the Coney Island and Smith street trolley cars to the depot near the south- 
west entrance to the park, which is not far from the Well House, in which build- 
ing the curlers store their curling stones. When there is skating at the park on 
the inner lake there is invariably facilities offered for curling on the large lake, 
and at times, too, when skating is not at command on the large lake. 

Ice Boating'. 

When the ice is in a favorable condition for use on the large lake, facili- 
ties are afforded for ice boating with small-sized yachts. A few years 
ago several interesting ice-boat races took place on the large lake, in which 
ice yachts owned by Messrs. Weed and Decker, Inspector McLaughlin, 
John Y. Culyer and others took part. The park ice yacht " Eagle," how- 
ever, is now the solitary yacht sailed on the lake. There is a good stretch 
of a half mile on the large lake from the plaza at the east end to the 
southern extremity of the lake for ice yachts, and a mile and a half of cir- 
cuit sailing on the lake could be easily laid out. The yachts taken to the 
park, however, should not exceed the size of the Park ice yacht " Eagle." 

Sledding. 

The boys' winter sport of sledding down hill finds ample facilities for 
its enjoyment on the hilly portions of Brooklyn, and especially at Prospect 
Park and the hilly slopes of Prospect Heights. There is also a short course 
of a few blocks allowed by the Park Commissioners for sledding on DeKalb 
Avenue, on the northern sidewalk adjoining Washington Park from Cum- 
berland to Raymond street. From Ninth avenue down Third street, to 
Seventh avenue, when the sleighing is good, there is good sport for the boys 
on their sleds, as also on the streets and slopes leading from Ninth avenue 
down to Seventh avenue on Prospect Heights. At Prospect Park the offi- 
cials allow sledding down the hillside bordering the Common at the Park. 

Sleighing. 

When sleighing is at command there is a model roadway for fast trot- 
ters in front of stylish sleighs along the Ocean Parkway to Coney 
Island, there being plenty of hotels on the route fitted up with glass front 
verandas overlooking the boulevard, prominent among which is Mrs. 
Howe's hostelry near Parkville. Stage sleighs run the circuit of the park 
for passengers at twenty-five cents a head when there is good sleighing in 
the park. Another good route for sleigh rides is to Fort Hamilton along 
the New Utrecht road and also on the Eastern Parkway from Prospect Park 
to East New York. 

Indoor Sports — The Bowling Clubs. 

A veteran writer on sports, in this country in an address delivered be- 



THE ARENA OP SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 55 

fore the Society of Old Brooklynites some time ago, referred to the 
popularity of the game of tenpins in Brooklyn away back in the forties. 
After-years, however, saw the old game decline in public favor to a very 
large extent, and it was not until the German residents of New York revived 
it over a decade ago that it began to attract the general attention 
which it now enjoys throughout the full extent of the metropolitan 
district, and especially in Brooklyn, where over a hundred bowling clubs are 
numbered. The game, in fact, has become the most popular recreative 
winter exercise in vogue in the City of Churches, all classes as well as both 
sexes patronizing the club bowling alleys of the city. Now more gam.es are 
played in Brooklyn in a single week than were played in a whole year in 
the olden times. There is also quite a difference in the rules of play now 
to what prevailed in the forties. In the old days solid balls were used en- 
•tirely. In the game of to-day the German finger-hole ball has taken the 
place of the old solid balls. Then again the modern alleys are of a superior 
kind to the old alleys in the early days of the game. For several years 
there have been bowling tournaments held in Brooklyn, the contestants in 
which number from half a dozen up to ten or twenty clubs each. The 
Caruthers annual tournament is the most largely attended, no less than 
21 clubs entering its tournament for 1892-93. Then there is the Eastern 
District tournament, with 15 clubs on its list of entries, and the Heiser 
tournament, with 11 clubs, added to which is the Bush wick tournament, with 
7 clubs on the list, and the Prospect Heights tourney, with 5, as also the 
Daly tournament, with 5 clubs. A woman's bowling club tourney was 
inaugurated at the Arlington alleys on March 7th, in which four clubs 
participated, it being a great success. Women bowlers, too, are given the 
use of the Carleton Club alleys, as well as those of other of the leading social 
clubs in the city, once a week. The most interesting gathering of club 
bowling teams in Brooklyn, however, is that of the Inter-Club Bowling 
League with its 9 club teams, playing under its own league rules, based 
chiefly on those of tha American Amateur Bowling League. The Inter- 
Club League comprises the Union League, Lincoln, Oxford and Aurora 
Grata Clubs of the "Hill" district of the city ; the Montauk and Carleton 
of the " Prospect Heights " district ; the Hanover Club of the Eastern Dis- 
trict, and the Knickerbocker Field Club and the Midwood Club of Flatbush. 
As a natter of reference the rules of the American Amateur Bowling 
League v/hich govern all the Brooklyn bowling clubs in the tournaments 
held there, are appended. 

Playing Rules of the Ainerican Amateur Bowling League. 

As Ajjopted by this Association for, the Season of 1891-92. 
Rule I. These rules shall be known as th3 Rules of the American Amateur Bowling 
League. 

n. The games to be played shall be the American Ten Frame Game, 

III. A regulation alley shall not be less than forty-one inches, and shall not exceed 
forty-two inches, in width. 

IV. The spots on the alley shaU be twelve inches apart from centre to centre. 

V. A regulation pin must be used in match games. Each pin shall be fifteen inches 
in height and two and one-quarter inches in diameter at the bottom. It must be fifteen 
inches in circumference at the body or thickest part (four and one-half inches from the 
bottom), five inches circumference at the neck (ten inches from the bottom), and seven 
and three-quarter inches in circumference at the thickest part of the head (.thirteen and 
one-half inches from the bottom). 

VI. No balls shall be used exceeding twenty-seven inches in circumference. 

Vn. In the playing of match games there shall be a line drawn upon the alleys and 
gutter, the centre point of which shall be sixty feat from the centre of the head, or front 



56 • CITIZEN GUIDE. 

pin spot, measuring to the outside of the line, which shall be continued upward at right 
angles, at each end, if possible. 

VIII. Match jrames shall b3 called at eight o'clock. Should either club fail to pro- 
duce its men thirty 'minutes after, the captain of the team present may claim the game. 

IX. lu m^^tch c^ames an equal number of men from each club shall constitute the 
teams, in case a club'shall not be able to produce a f uU team, it may play ; but the oppos- 
ing clu'o may play its full team if present. 

X. In playing, two alleys only shall be used ; the players of the contesting teams to 
roll successively and but one frame at a time, and to change alleys each frame. The 
games shall consist of ten frames on each side. All strikes and spares made in the tenth 
frame shall be completed before leaving the alley and on same alley as made. Should 
there be a tie at the end of the tenth frame, play shall continue upon the same alley until 
a majority of points upon an equal number of frames shall be maintained, which shall con- 
clude the game. 

XI. Players must play in regular rotation, and after the first frame no change^ 
shall be made in players or position of players, unless with the consent of the captains. 

XII. A player in delivering a ball must not step on or over the line, nor allow any 
part of his body to touch on or beyond the line, or any portion of his foot to project over 
the line, while at rest, until after the ball has reached the pins. Any ball so deUvered shall be 
deemed foul, and the pins made on such ball, if any, shaU be respotted. Should any ball 
delivei-ed leave the alley before reachmg the pins, or any ball rebound from the back 
cushion, the pins, if any, made on such balls shall not count and must be respotted. All 
such balls to count as balls rolled. Pins knocked down by pins or pins rebounding from 
the side or back cushion shall count as ijins down. 

XIII. The deadwood must be removed f rom^the alley after each ball rolled. Should 
any pias fall in removing the deadwood, such pins must be respotted. 

XIV. In all match games an umpire shall be selected by the captains of the respect- 
ive teams 

XV. In all match games there shall b3 a scoi-er appointed by the captain of each 
team, whose duty it shall be to keep a correct record of the game, and, at the conclusion 
thereof, sign his name to the score. 

XVI. The umpire shall take great care that the regulations respecting the balls, 
alleys and all the rules of the game are strictly observed. He shad be the judge of fair 
and unfair play, and shall determine ail disputes and difference 5 which may occur during 
the game. He shall take special care to declare all foul balls immediately upon their 
occurrence unasked, in a distinct and audible voice, He shall ia every instance, before 
leaving the alley, declare the winning club and sign his name in the score books. The 
decision of the umpire in all cases will be final. 

XVII. Neither umpire nor scorer shall be changed during a match game, unless with 
the cons3n£ of the captains of the teams. 

XVIII. No person engaged in a match game, either as umpire or scorer, shall be 
directly or indirectly interested in any bet upon the game. 

The Montauk Club won the championship of the Inter-Club Bowling 
League for 1S93. 

Bowling^ Organizations. 

The following is the list of bowling associations of Brooklyn, with the 
number of clubs belonging to each and the location of the bowling alleys 
the clubs use : 

ASSOCIATIONS. CLUB MEMBERSHIP. ALLEYS USED. 

National BowMng Association, 21 clubs, 1411 Fulton street. 

Arlington Bowling Association, 15 clubs, Gates and Nostrand avenues. 

Interclub Bowling League, 9 clubs, On each clubs alleys. 

Prospect Heights Bowhng Association, 8 clubs, 7tii avenue and 9th street, S B. 

Acme Hall Bowlmg Association, n clubs, 7th avenue and 9th street, S. B. 

Golden E igle Bowling Association, 6 clubs, 127 South street. 

Twenty-sixth Ward Bowling Association, 5 clubs. At East New York. 

Never before in the annals of bowling has the game been played as 
during the winter of 1892 and '93, all the public alleys being well patronized, 
while larger bowling resorts, like Caruthers' great bowling hall, have had 



THE ARENA OF SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 57 

every one of the private alleys engaged by clubs all the season. One of the 
successes of the season, too, was the Women' s Bowling Tourney at the Ar- 
lington alleys on Gates and Nostrand avenues, in which the Independent, 
Arlington No. i, Jolly Women, and Selected Ladies Clubs of Brooklyn took 
part once a week during March and April. The Kenil worth Club, which 
meets on Gates and Reid avenues, has a women membership, as have a 
dozen other like clubs in Brooklyn. 

Chess. 

The royal game of chess has become quite a feature of Brooklyn's in- 
door recreations, especially since the existing Brooklyn Chess Club was 
organized in 1886. For nearly fifty years, in fact, chess has been a favorite 
indoor game with Brooklynites, but never before has it been so extensively 
played as during the present decade of the nineties. Brooklyn has two 

Prominent chess organizations in the Brooklyn Chess Club of the Western 
)istrict of the city and the older organization, the Philidor Club of the 
Eastern District, which in November, 1892, celebrated its seventeenth anni- 
versary. The former club has a handsome suite of chess rooms located at 
201 Montague street, adjoining the Brooklyn Library, and it is in everyway 
the strongest representative chess club Brooklyn has ever had. It is pre- 
sided over by Charles A. Gilberg, the noted American chess problem com- 
poser, and it ranks among its members some of the most skilled experts in 
the game in the metropolis. The club has daily chess sessions from 10 a. m. 
until midnight, and it gives semi-monthly receptions to its members and 
invited guests, on which occasions the most attractive of chess entertain- 
ments are given in the form of simultaneous game tourneys, in which some 
noted expert plays against a dozen adversaries in a few hours contest, or an 
exhibition of blindfold playing is given. The dues for membership are $10, 
payable half yearly in advance, and the roll of members has nearly reached 
the limit of two hundred. 

The Philidor Club m.eets semi-weekly at 491 Broadway, E. D., and it 
is reached by the Union Elevated Road from either the bridge or the Wil- 
liamsburg ferries, the station nearest the club rooms being that of Hewes 
street. The veteran player, Phil. Richardson, is the club champion and 
president. The members of the club are mostly resident Germans. There 
are several chess coteries m Brooklyn, one of which meets at its mem.bers' 
houses in South Brooklyn, and is composed mainly of veteran Columbia 
College students. Another, which is of a similarly private character and 
which has several lady members, is the Evans Chess Coterie, which meets 
weekly in the "Hill" district, at its president's residence. The St, 
Mary's Chess Club is another new organization of the " Hill " district. The 
old Danites Chess Club, which once was very prominent, has occasional re- 
unions, but its members were absorbed by the Brooklyn Club on thelatter's 
organization. 

There is a chess club connected with the Brooklyn Young Men's 
Christian Association which has become a permanent organization, the 
ne\^ departure made by the association in its policy of encouraging manly 
outdoor pastimes, and rational indoor games and exercises, having proved 
highly successful in promoting the popiilarity as w^ell as the welfare of the 
organization, none but the most bigoted of the religious portion of the_ com- 
munity now opposing physical education and healthy sports in the Christian 
Associations of the country. 



58 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Chess tables are at free command, too, at the rooms of the Union for 
Christian Work in Schermerhorn street, near Boerum, and chess playing is 
a prominent feature of most of the wealthy social clubs of the city, that of 
the Hamilton Club being the strongest. 

Billiards. 

, ..t'^^^^ most attractive indoor recreative exercise is engaged in in the 
billiard parlors of Brooklyn residents to an extent rivaling that of the 
pnvate billiard rooms of New York city. In fact, no residence of any wealthy 
member of Brooklyn's best society is now considered complete without its 
billiard room, which is frequently in greater demand than the library room 
of the house. Billiards often keep the young men of the house home at 
nights when they might otherwise be out "seeing the sights." The 
time was when bilHards, as a game of the home circle, was tabooed in 
the " City of Churches," but that period has passed never to return, and 
now there is no more attractive home recreative exercise than billiards, 
especially where the ladies of the household participate in the graceful 
exercise, as so many Brooklyn fair ones do. 

Brooklyn has now several public billiard resorts which are models in 
the great facilities they afford for a full enjoyment of the game, and in the 
excellent order preserved, and the high character of the patronage accorded 
them, the principal saloon of the city being Maurice Daly's model assem- 
bly billiard saloon on Washington street near the Post Office, with its twenty 
billiard and pool tables and its private billiard parlor. There are small 
billiard saloons by the dozen in the different wards of the city, and most of 
them are well kept and patronized, the largest, in South Brooklyn, being 
that at Acme Hall on Seventh avenue. The time will come, and in the 
near future, too, when the Young Men's Christian Associations will add a 
billiard table to the attraction of their gymnai^iumH and chess tables, just 
as the CathoHc Christian Associations do. 

Roller Skating". 

This enjoyable exercise reached a public furore in Brookl5m a few years 
ago,' when not only was the large building known as the Palace Rink on 
Clerrnont avenue given up to the sport, but there was a fine rink built 
especially for the purpose on Bedford and Atlantic avenues, and another on 
Fifth avenue. The former has since been used for boxing tournaments, 
while the old skating rink on Bedford and Atlantic avenues has been turned 
into a home for several of the fashionable riding clubs of the city, the Fifth 
avenue rink having burned down. Roller skating has been relegated 
to the boys and girls of the period who revel in the sport on the asphalt 
pavements of the city, which afford excellent facilities for the exercise. 

Fencing'. 

While there are no fencing clubs in Brooklyn, as there are in New York, 
the graceful exercise is engaged in at most of the gymnasiums of the city 
by the German Turners and at the National Guard Armories by the officers 
of the regiments, with whom the exercise is quite a favorite, it being valuable 
to every soldier in the National Guard. 

The Brooklyn Gun Clubs. 

Brookl}^ is the headquarters of most of the gun clubs of the metropo- 
lis, and those belonging to Brooklyn are numerous, and are, as a rule, in- 



THE ARENA OF SPORTS "AND PASTIMES. 59 

fluential organizations. There are three regular shooting grounds occupied 
by the Brooklyn gun clubs, viz. : The Woodlawn Park Grounds near Park- 
ville, the West End Grounds at Coney Island, and Dexter's Park on the 
Jamaica Turnpike Road near the Cypress Hills Cemetery. The latter is 
the most frequented of the three. The Fountain and Coney Island Gun 
Clubs meet at the Woodlawn Park Grounds, the former on Wednesdays, 
and the latter on Saturdays; the Atlantic on Mondays at the West End 
Grounds , the others having their monthly meetings at Dexter Park. The days 
of meetings and the gun clubs which shoot at Dexter''^ Park, are as follows: 

Waverly Gun Club, ist Monday. 

Long Island Sportsmen, 2d Monday. 

Acme Gun Club, ist Tuesday. 

Manhattan Gun Club, ist Wednesday. 

Crescent Gun Club, ist Thursday. 

Parkway R. & G. Club, 2d Wednesday. 

Unknown Gun Club, 2d Thursday. 

Kings County Gun Club, 3d Tuesday. 

Glenmore R. & G. Club, last Wednesday, 

Linden Grove Club, 4th Thursday. 

Vernon Gun Club, 4th Thursday. 

Falcon Gun Club, 3d Thursday. 

Phoenix Gun Club, 4 times a year. 

Jeannette Gun Club, 8 times a year. 

New York German Gun Club, 8 times a year. 

First New York German Gun Club, 8 times a 3''ear. 

Downtown Gun Club, 8 times a year. 

Emerald Gun Club meets each month, but no distinct day. 

The North Side and Hanover Clubs meet at the Queens County Driv- 
ing Park at Maspeth, L. I. Dexter Park is now under the supervision of 
the veteran Miller, and he not only caters for the gun clubs in question, but 
in the summer his large grounds and clubhouse are available for outing 
parties either for ball games, rifle shooting or other like sports. 

Blattmacher's shooting grounds at Woodlawn Park are reached at all 
times by Culver's Coney Island Railroad, and in the summer time by the 
Sea Beach Railroad direct. The West End grounds on Coney Island are 
passed by the trolley electric car route from Smith street and Prospect Park. 
Dexter's Park is easily reached from the Twenty-sixth Ward terminus of the 
Union Elevated Road and by the electric car route which joins it at East New 
York. Visiting pigeon shooters going to the gun club grounds in Brooklyn 
can ascertain full particulars as to days of shooting of the clubs and how to 
reach their respective grounds on application to the veteran Madison at his 
shooting headquarters on Flatbush avenue near Lafayette avenue, as he 
is a member of nearly all of the prominent gun clubs of the city. For the 
information of those who visit Long Island for rod and gun recreation we 
give below the new game laws for 1893, applicable to Long Island, which 
has become one of the greatest of shooting and fishing localities of the At- 
lantic coast east of Virginia. 

Long^ Island Sporting Clubs. 

The island clubs devoted chiefly to fishing and shooting, the members 
of which are mainly residents of Brooklyn, include the following clubs, lo- 
cated mostly in Queens and Suffolk Counties: 

Suffolk Club, Brookhaven; Amagansett Club; North Side Sportsmen's 



60 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Club ; Robins Island Club, Peconic Bay ; Rod and Reel Society ; South 
Side Sportsmen's Club, Oakdale ; Olympic Club, Bay ^ Shore; Hanpton 
Club, South Hampton ; Meadow Brook Hounds, Hempstead ; RocS;away 
Hunt Club, Far Rockaway ; East Hampton Gun Club Association ; Fisher's 
Island Yacht Club ; Meadow Club of Southampton ; Quogue Field Club ; 
Queens and Suffolk County Clubs ; Shelter Island Yacht Club ; Short 
Beach Club; Wawayanda Club, Islip; South Side Field Club, Bayshore; 
Great South Bay Yacht Club, Islip ; West Hampton Country Club ; 
Waverly Gun Club ; Bay Shore Gun Club ; Flanders Club ; Seatack Club ; 
Keystone Fishing Club; ^4j:tna Fishing Club; Lake Ronkonkoma Fishing 
and Gun Club ; Undine Fishing Club. 

Game Laws of Long Lsland— Wild Fowl. 

The counties of Kings, Queens and vSuffolk on Long Island have special 
provisions assigned them in the new State game laws for 1S93, as follows: 

Close season for web-footed wild fowl, except wild geese and brant, May 1st to Octo- 
ber 1st. Shall not be pursued, shot at, hunted or killed between sunset and daylight. 
Floating devices may be used for the purpose of shooting v/eb-footed wild fowl therefrom 
in Long Island Sound, Great South Bay west of Smith's Point, Shinnecock and Peconic 
Bays, and in any part of said coimties said birds may be piu'sued and killed from boats pro- 
pelled by hand and from any sailboats in Long Island Sound, Gardner and Peconic Bays. 

Plover, Wilsons (English Snipe,) Rail. San.ipiper, Mud Hen, Gallinue, Grebe, Bittern, 
Surf Bird, Snipe, Cm-lew, Water Chicken, Bay Snipe or Shore Bu'ds of any kind.— Close 
season from January 1st to July 1st. 

Woodcock, Riiffed Grouse, Partridge and Grouse.— Close season January 1st to Nov- 
ember 1st. They shall not be sold or possessed between February 1st and November 1st, 
and possession thereof between January 1st and Febraary 1st is forbidden, unless proved by 
possessor or seller that said birds were killed within the lawful period for killing the 
same in or out of the State. 

Quail.— On Robbins Island may be shot between October 14th and February 1st. 

Robins are now included among the songbu'ds, and cannot now be killed at any time 
of the year. 

ANIMALS. 

Hares.— Close season, Jannary 1st and November 1st, 
Rabbits.— Close season, January 1st to November 1st. 

Deer.— Deer shall net be shot at, himted with dogs or otherwise killed except from 
the 10th to the loth day of November, inclusive. 

Squirrels (Black and Gray).- -Close season, January 1st to November 1st. 

FISH. 

Jamaica Bay.— Fish shall not be fished for, caught or killed by any device except ang- 
ling, which shall be lawf id on any day of the year between the first clay of April and the 
first day of December in the waters of Jamaica'Bay or the inlet thert-of . ' No striped bass, 
sea bass, or black tish under six inches in length shall be taken in said waters; 
if any are taken, the same shall be I'eturned to the water without any unnecessary 
injury. The inlet of Jamaica Bay shall not be wil. fully obstructed by any net or 
or device so as to prevent the passage of fish therein at any time. This section does not 
prevent the catching of eels by the use of spear or eel- . eir, or the capture of fish for bate 
or shrimp by means of hand or cast nets. 

Speckled on Brook Trout.— April 1st to September 1st, trout less than six inches 
long to be put back in the water. 

Black Bass and Pike. — June 1st to January 1st. No fish to be caught in any fresh 
waters witn any device other than angling except minnow bull heads, eels, suckers and cat- 
fish. 

Prohibited.— All shooting, hunting, trapping or fishing on Sunday; shooting wild 
fowl on any of the waters on Long Island between sunset and davlight with the aid of lights 
or lanterns; the use of swivel or punt guns; the snarins:, netting or trapping of quail or 
grouse, and the selling of such birds so taken. Trespassing on inclosed or cultivated 
grounds forbidden. 

Fishing^ Clubs. 

The fishing localities in the suburl3S of Brooklyn include a trout stream 
running from Flatbush to the Sheepshead Bay, private property; good fishing 



\ THE ARENA OF SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 61 

waters in Sheepshead, Canarsie and Jamaica Bays, all reached by local 
railroads; good bass and \veakfishing in Coney Island Creek and Graves- 
end Bay, 'and blueiishmg witn seabass, and blackbass fishing in the ocean 
waters facing Coney Island from the point to Rockaway inlet. The Coney 
Island Rod and Gun Club offers medals to its members for the best catches 
of the season in local waters, as does the Atlantic Rod and Gun Club. 
There is a fisiiing club, too, which has its headquarters in the summer sea- 
son at Lake Ronkonkoma, Long Island, and a rod and reel club whose mem- 
bers enjoy fishing privileges on the south side of the island. There is 
a club, too, which has a fine clubhouse for its Brooklyn members at Robins 
Island'on Peconic Bay which has fishing as well as game preserve privi- 
leges The annex of the Oxford Club, known as the Seabrook Club, which 
has trout ponds at Eastport, L. I., is also prominent for its fishing privi- 
leges. There are several fishing clubs which utilize Jamaica and Canarsie 
and Sheepshead Bays for their fishing. 

Equestrian Sports— Horse iiiiciug-. Riding, Driving^, etc. 

The race courses of Brooklyn include that of the Brooklyn Jockey Club, 
located at Gravesend; the Coney Island Jockey Club, which has its race 
track at Sheepshead Bay; the Brighton' Beach Racing Association, the 
track of which is located at the back of the Brighton Beach Hotel on Coney 
Island, and the Brooklyn Driving Park, which is a private organization. 
The track of the Brooklyn Jockey Club was formerly that of the Prospect Park 
Race Course, the Brooklyn Jockey Club taking possession of it in 1886. The 
Coney Island Jockey Club went into practical operation in 1888, when its 
track was finished. It has a running course a mile and a furlong long. That 
of the Brooklyn Jockey Club is one mile in circumference, and that of the 
Brighton Beach Association the same. The Gravesend track is reached by 
the Long Island Railroad from Hunter's Point, with a station at East New 
York, and from the Flatbush avenue depot, as also by the Brighton Beach road 
from Bedford and Franklin avenues. The other two public race courses 
are reached by all the Coney Island railw^ays. 

There are several fine riding clubs in Brooklyn, the most prominent being 
that of the Brooklyn Riding and Driving Club, which owns a large and 
handsome clubhouse on Vanderbilt Avenue and Park Place near the main 
entrance to Prospect Park. Busch's Riding School, formerly the old roller 
skating rink on Bedford avenue, corner of Atlantic avenue, is the head- 
quarters of several riding clubs, including the Adelphi, Algonquin, Brevoort. 
Brooklyn, East End, Prospect and Bedford Clubs. There is also a riding 
school on Dean street near Powers, 

The Parkway Driving Club is an organization which has its private 
driving park on the Ocean Parkway, with Henry C. Boody as its president 
and Mr. Still well as its secretary. It is the afternoon resort of wealthy 
members of Brooklyn society who pride themselves on their fast horses, 
and the Park is the scene of many a private trotting match. The list of 
riding schools and clubs in Brooklyn and their location is as follows: 

CLL'BS AND SCHOOLS. LOCATION. 

Adelphi Riding Club, Bedford avenue cor. Atlantic avenue. 

Algernon Riding Club, " " " " 

Brevoort Riding Club, " " " 

Bedford Riding Club, 

Bedf'd Rid'g Acad. (Adolph Busch. director), " " " 

Brooklyn Riding Club, " " " 

East End Riding Club, " " " 

Riding and Driving Club, Vanderbilt avenue near Park Plaza. 



62 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

The equestrian sport of polo was once familiar to the public at Prospect 
Park, the polo clubs of the metropolis having been allowea for one season to 
piay their games at the eastern portion of the parade ground at Prospect 
i^ark; but snice then the game has only been played on the private race 
course grounds near Hempstead, L. I. Polo is the most expensive field 
sport in vogue, and none but the very wealthy can afford to engage in it as 
club members. 

Bicycliug:. 

Brooklyn has become one of the greatest wheelmen's cities in the 
country. Its asphalt pavements on streets leading through prominent 
districts of the city, and its Prospect Park roadways and the boulevard lead- 
ing from the Park afford excellent facilities for bicycling. Many of the 
bicycle clubs of Brooklyn have fine clubhouses, and at some of them there 
are facilities for billiard 'playing, while others have bowling teams. There 
is also a ladies' bicycling club m Brooklyn which numbers over a dozen very 
expert lady riders. Up to the severe winter of 1892 and 1893 wheeling was 
indulged in for several years past during eight months of the year 
and even longer. This year, however, the sport was msterially handi- 
capped by the snow and ice on the roadways during December, January 
and February. Of a fine afternoon from March to December the asphalt 
paved streets of the city present lively and picturesque scenes with the 
hundreds of wheelmen to be seen enjoying their invigorating sport, especi- 
ally on Bedford avenue in the Eastern District to Atlantic avenue, and 
on Sixth and Seventh avenues on Prospect Heights. Here is a list of the 
prominent bicycle and wheeling clubs of Brooklyn which have club houses: 

CLUB YEAR ORGANIZED. CLUB HOISE. 

Brooklyn Bicycle Club .June 21, 1879 .... 62 Hanson place. 

Kings Countv Wheelmen March 17, 1881 .... 12.56 Bedford avenue. 

KiuRs CountV Wheelmen March 17, 1881 . . E. D. Branch, 18- Clymer street. 

Long Island Wheelmen Nov. 23, 1882 12^1 Bedford avenue. 

Prospect Wheelmen Aug. 14, 1888 .... 804 President street. 

Bedford Cycle Club May 2o, 18S0 ... 980 Bedford avenue. 

Brooklyn Ramblers Jan. 4, 1889 357 Flatbush avenue. 

Peerless Wheelmen . . Dec. 18, 1890 ... 100 Buffalo avenue, E. D. 

Bedford Wheelmen Jan. 2, 1891 153 Division avenue E D. 

South Brooklyn Wheelmen.. . April, 1891 Eighth avenue and Fifteenth Bt.,B. B. 

Montauk Wheelmen June 22, 1891 93 Prospect place. 

Bedford Wheelmen 182 Clymer street. 

Mattowak Cycling Club Feb. 7, 1892 61 Bradiord street. 

New Brooklyn Wheelmen Oct. 26, 1892 70 Buffalo avenue. 

Pratt Institute Bicyc e Club 1892 Pratt Ins., Ryerson n. DeKalb aye. 

Amity Wheelmen 262 Manhattan avenue, Gref npoint. 

Centaur Wheelmen Oct. 22, 1889 302 Manhattan avenue, Greenpoint. 

Flatbush Wheelmen Flatbush. 

There are also among the newly organized cycling clubs the Brooklyn 
Roadsters, Phoenix Cvcling Club, Brooklyn City Whee men and the Cler- 
ical Cycling Club. The wheelmen's route to almost all of the suburbs of 
Brooklyn to the southeast is through Prospect Park. Entermg by way of 
the Bridge, the rider, desirous of going to the Park, goes up Henry street to 
Toralem«Dn, thence down Clinton to Schermerhorn and up that street to 
Flatbush avenue, and then to the main entrance to the Park. On this route 
the pavement is either concrete or ridable granite blocks. . t^ 1 

From Prospect Park there is fair riding along the Coney Island Boule- 
vard and on the Eastern Parkway, the former leading direct to Brighton 
Beach. Going bv way of the South Ferry to the Park, take Hamilton 
avenue, and thence up Union street to the mam entrance of the Park, an 




¥1. FUL'roN,§X,FHOM LAWEENCE TOGOLoilS. 



AUCTIONEERS. 



JOSEPH HEGEMAN. ARTHUR WINNINGTON. 

Telephone No. 1008. 






■J 



AUCTIONEER 



SPECIAL AND PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO 

SALES OF FURNITURE, &c, AT PRIVATE HOUSES, 

In Brooklyn, New York and Vicinity. 



Regular Weekly Sales on Fridays 

OF FURNITURE, PIANOS, CARPETS, AND MERCHANDISE OF 
EVERY DESCRIPTION, AT THE 



Centra 




)onis 

WILLOUGHBY, Cor. of PEARL ST., 

BROOKLYN. 

Charges Moderate and Sales guaranteed. 



STORAGE FOR FURNITURE, 

S. E. Corner of Henry and Cranberry Streets, Brooklyn. 



THE ARENA OF SPORTS AND PASTIMES. 63 

up-hill ride, by the way, over granite blocks. Taking the Wall Street Ferry 
there is quite a hill from the ferry up Montague to Clinton, thence a level road 
to Schermerhorn, and a hill to mount — asphalt paved — on Flatbush avenue. 
Appended are the rules for bicyclers in Prospect Park : 

I. Wheelmen may use at all times the short path at Gate 4, from Drive to East 
Shelter, and. path in front of same. 

II. Wheelmen desiring to go to Tennis Grounds may push wheels (f''ismounted) on 
any path leading to Tennis Grounds from the West Diive, but shall not take wheels upon 
the tui'f . 

III. WTieehnen on the way to Restaurants or Shelters may push wheels (dismounted) 
on the paths leadiner thereto. W heels may be left standing upon patns at Siielter, Restau- 
rants and Tennis Grounds. 

IV. Riding faster than 8 miles an hour in the Park is prcihibited, except at Nether- 
mead Circidt before 9 a. m , and coasting is not allowed. This shall not prevent Safety 
riders from descending hills slowly under the brake, with feet on the coasting bars. 

V. Bicycles shall not be ridden in the Park at night, imless exhibiting a lighted lamp. 
. VI. Wheels may be ridden on all the paths before 9 a. m. 

VI [. Wheelmen will be required to keep on the right side of the road, and in passing 
vehicles going in the same direction, pass to the left whenever practicable. 
By order of the Park Commissioners. 
Brooklyn, September 17, 1891. 

Social Sporting CUilbs. , 

Appended is a list of the prominent social clubs of Brooklyn which 
make a specialty of indoor games, such as bowling, billiards, whist, chess, 
etc. , together with the locality of each. Most of them are members of the 
Inter-Club Bowling and Whist Leagues of Brooklyn, which leagues have 
annual tourneys for championship honors : 

CLUBS. SPECIAL SPORTS. LOCATION. 

Aurora Grata, Bowling, Billiards, etc., Bedford ave. near Madison street. 

Brooklyn, BUliards, Chess, etc., Pierrepont street cor. Clinton street. 

Carleton, Bowling, Billiards, C hess, etc., Flatbush avenue cor. Sixth avenue. 

Excelsior, Billiards, Chess, etc., Clinton street cur Livingston street. 

Hamilton, " . " Remsen street cor. Clinton street. 

Hanover, Bowling, Billiards, Chess, Bedford ave. cor. Rodney sti-eet, E.D. 

Lincoln, " " " Putman avenue near Grand avenue . 

Montauk, " " " Lincoln Place, near Eighth avenue. 

Oxford, BowPg, Bill'ds. Shuffleb'd, Ten., Chess, etc., Lafayette avenue cor Oxford street. 
Union League, " '" " Bedford avenue cor. Dean street. 

Midwoo<l League, " " " Flatbush avenue, Flatbush. 

Knickerbocker, Tennis, Bowling, Billiards, Avenue A and 18th street, Flatbush. 

Hand Ball. 

The Irish national game of hand ball is played to a considerable extent 
in Brooklyn, especially in South Brooklyn, where the votaries of the exciting 
game assemble every day throughout the year at the Brooklyn Hand Ball 
Club's fine court on Degraw street a few doors east of Court street, of which 
court the champion hand ball player of the world, Philip Casey, is the pro- 
prietor. There is a smaller court lower down in South Brooklyn kept by 
Will Courtney, another strong player, but Casey's place is the headquarters 
of the hand ball players of the city. Here such well-known experts as ex- 
Alderman James Dunne and his son; Barney McQuade, the New York City 
champion ; John Lawlor, the Irish champion, and others prominent in the 
game meet in match games every day, the first day of the week being 
known as " club day." At ordinary games the gallery overlooking the court 
is free, but on match days an admission fee of from, half a dollar to a dollar 
is charged, according to the importance of the contest. The court is finely 
fitted up with dressing rooms, shower baths, etc., and the court itself is the 
finest in the country. During the early spring months in March and April, 



64 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

the professional ball players congregate daily at the court for training prac- 
tice. The Y. M. C. A. has a hand-ball court ni its gynasium which is used 
in the spring for baseball training purposes. 

Directory to Sporting Liocalities. 

Below will be found the locations of the various villages, hamlets and 
sporting resorts around Brooklyn, together with the distance each place is 
from the Brooklyn City Hall and the direction m which it lies, as also the 
route by which each place can be reached ; 

Z,^i O 

^< tf ; 

w ^ * J 

M >< ^ "^ 

LOCATION. m^ t^ fH ROUTE TO BE TRAVKLBD. 

Bath Beach 6 • South Union Elev. R. R. or Bath Beach R. R. 

Bav Ridge 5 .. Southwest.. Third Avenue Trolley R. R. 

Ba^ Belch JiiAction. '. 5 . . . . South Union Elevutea R- K- ^ ^ 

Bedford 3-- '"st Kings County Klevated R . R. 

Bensonhurst .■.■.■.■.■■.■ J South Union We vR. R. & Bath Beach R R, 

Bushwick Jimction 5. . . .East L. I. R. R^ bunter^sPomt 

Canarsie 6 . . .East Cauarsie R. R., East >,ew York. 

j Kuigs Co. Elev. R. R. to Culver R. 
Coney Island 8. . . .Southeast. . -j ^ ^^ Manhattan Beach R. R. 

CvDress Hill 7 Fast i ^^^^ Co. Elev. to Electric R. R. at 

CypressHiii i^^su ^ EastNewYork. 

East New York : 5 ... Fast . . . Kings Coounty Elevated R. R. 

Flatbush 3 . . Southeast. .Flatbush Surface R. R. 

Fort Hamilton . • 6 . . Southwest .3d Avenue Trolley R. R, 

Fresh Pond 5 East Flushing. R.R., Hunter's Point. 

Gravesend 6. ...South Culver R. R. 

Greenpoint 3 — Ea^t Horse cars, Fulton Ferry. 

_ , . T, . . . -r> u- j Surface R. R., hor;:e cars and ferry 

HuntersPomt 4....Eas. j ^^ Reck well street. 

Kings Highway 5 Southsast. . Culver's R. R. 

J'ariiville 4.... South.. Culver's R. R. 

Ridgewood 5 . East Union Elevated. 

Scheutzen Park 5 

_,,.-, rf o *v- 4. i Brighton Beach R. R. or Manhattan 

Sheepshead Bay 7 — Southeast.. -( -n n i p t? 

Van Dyke Line Station 6 . Southeast. Culver's R. R. 

West End Sh oting Park . . . 6 . . Southwest.Snoith street Trolley R. R. 

Woodiawn Shooting Park 5. . . .Southwest.Culyer's R. R. 



PARKS AND ROADS. 



Brooklyn's Pleasure Grounds — Prospect Park — Washington Park — The 
Parkways — Driving and Bicycling Roads of Brooklyn and Long 
Island. 



Brooklyn has vied with the other great cities of the land in the institu- 
tion of great pleasure grounds and other places of outdoor resort for the 
healthful recreation and amusements of her vast population. The people 
of few cities in the world are more blessed with the facilities for innocent 
open air enjoyment. Besides the beautiful parks within the limits of the 
city, the world-famed ocean beaches at Coney Island and Rockaway are so 
accessible as to be almost regarded among the great breathing places of the 
city proper. 

Altogether there are in Brooklyn about fifteen public parks. The ag- 
gregate area of these is between 750 and 800 acres. The annual cost of 
improvements and maintenance is about half a million dollars. Some of 
the great cemeteries of the city, such as Greenwood, the Evergreens and 
Cypress Hills, compete with the parks in attracting multitudes of visitors 
during the Summer months to view their endless wealth of sculptured art, 
and the beauty of their scenery and landscapes. 

The parks and pleasure grounds of Brooklyn are as follows: 

Bedford Park is a small square five acres in extent in the 24th Ward, 
lying between Prospect and Park places and Kingston and Brooklyn 
avenues. It is a well wooded piece of land, and within its area is a large 
mansion which will be used for public purposes. The work of developing 
this park has just begun. 

BusHwiCK Park is a new and partly finished park, bounded by Suydam 
and Starr streets, and Irving and Knickerbocker avenues. When improved 
according to the plans adopted this will be a very picturesque and attrac- 
tive little square. Its area is about six acres. 

Carroll Park is a small public square embracing somewhat less than 
two acres, bounded by Smith, Court, Carroll and President streets. It was 
established in 1867 and is tastefully laid out in lawns and footwalks paved 
with concrete and planted with beautiful ornamental trees and flowering 
shrubs. A portion of the park especially graded is set apart as a children's 
playground. Improvements are now being made, which when finished will 
make it very attractive. 

City Hall Park is a small triangular square bounded by Fulton, 
Court and Joralemon streets, in which stands the City Hall. The site of 
this park was purchased in 1837 from the old Remsen estate, which at that 
time embraced much of the land in this vicinity and along the " Heights." 
The statue of Henry Ward Beecher, which now stands on a granite pedes- 



66 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

tal in the small grass plot of this park, is soon to be removed tea more 
desirable site in Prospect Park. 

City Park, contiguous to the southeastern extremity of the Navy 
Yard, is one of the medium-sized public recreation grounds of the city. It 
comprises about seven and one-half acres and is bounded bv Flushing and 
Park avenues and Canton and Navy streets. The square has been very 
much improved during the last few years with trees, shrubs and flowers. 
Owing to its proximity to the docks, markets and manufacturing centers, it 
is frequented chiefly by the laboring and poor people. It has been the scene 
of many criminal episodes and does not bear a very high repute. Its site 
was originally a part of the muddy shore of Wallabout Bay, now chiefly oc- 
cupied by the Navy Yard. It was in the numerous slimy creeks and inlets 
of this bay that the gamins of the neighborhood were wont in former years 
to swim and fish with bits of twine and bent pins for tomcods and killy 
fish. A part of this stretch of ooze was reserved by act of Legislature for a 
public park and subsequently improved at an expense of $100,000. 

Columbia^ Heights Parks. — Overlooking the harbor toward the south 
and west are four little parklets or sort of grass-carpeted balconies at the^ 
extremities of Clark, Pineapple, Cranberry and Middagh streets, on the 
brink of Columbia Heights. These were reserved by the Park Commis- 
sioners, who did not wish to have the miagnificent view of the water front . 
and New York City entirely obstructed by the erection of public and private 
buildings in these spaces. Various methods w^ere employed in preserving 
and improving these little plots so as to make them of public utility. Finally, 
on account of their limited size and the difficulty of maintenance, they 
were fenced in and lost thereby their chief attractiveness. 

Cumberland Square is a small breathing spot about three-fourths of an 
acre in extent, nicely planted with trees and shrubs, at the junction of Ful- 
ton and Cumberland streets. 

Highland Park or Ridgewood Park is an irregular-shaped and un- 
improved reservation surrounding the Ridgewood Reservoir, and lying 
between the Evergreens and Jewish Cemeteries. It is 46 acres in extent 
and is destined to be one of the most picturesque and attractive parks of 
Brooklyn. The site is at present woodland, and appropriations have 
been made toward its completion, and proceedings are pending to take 
some 36 additional acres and inclose them into the present reservoir at 
Ridgewood. 

Institute or University Park is a rather extensive triangular piece 
of ground to the east of Prospect Park, and separated from it by Flatbush 
avenue. The park is bounded on the east by Washington avenue and on 
the north by the Eastern Parkway, and embraces from 50 to 60 acres of 
elevated and gently sloping ground. The terrace portion of the park oppo- 
site to the plaza is occupied by an extensive reservoir of the city's water- 
works system. From the tower of the gatehouse of this reservoir a mag- 
aificent view of the surrounding city and landscape may be had which will 
amply repay the visitor for his fatiguing climb up the lofty flights of stone 
steps by which the lookout is reached. A good field glass may be procured 
from the keeper in charge. Save the immediate vicinity of the reservoir, 
the park is unimproved, and in its present state possesses little attractiveness. 
The buildings of the Brooklyn Museum of Arts and Sciences, an institution 
recently incorporated and chartered by the State Legislature, is to occupy 
a prominent position m this park. 

Leffes-Ts' Park is a small private square a few blocks to the south of 



PARKS AND ROADS. 67 

TompSins Park, bounded by Throop, Tompkins and Gates avenues and 
Quincy street. Its area is equal to that of a city block. 

Parade Grounds, at the southern extremity of Prospect Park, and 
bounded by Ocean Parkway, Coney Island and Canton avenues and Parade 
Place, is a large stretch of level ground set apart for mihtary parades and 
reviews. The reservation is 40 acres in extent, and admirably subserves 
the purpose for which it was laid out. The grounds are most conveniently 
reached by the Brooklyn and Coney Island Electric Railway from Fulton 
street. It is also used for athletic sports of all kinds; there are shelters and 
lockers for the baseball and cricket players, and on the borders a strip of 
turf is reserved for equestrians. The proximity of the great public park to 
the ocean, and the delightful freshness of the summer sea breezes make it 
distinctive in its character among the pleasure grounds of the large cities 
in the Union. All the chief driveways, riding and bicycling roads of 
Brooklyn begin at the park or in its immediate vicinity and it has in con- 
sequence become a fashionable centre for equestrian and cycling exercise 
and recreation. 

Prospect Park. — This, the greatest of Brooklyn's pleasure grounds, 
and justly esteemed as one of the finest public parks in the country, was 
first planned and surveyed in i860. During the'foilowing year additions 
were made to the reservation which brought it to its present area of about 
526 acres. From 1S61 to 1S65, owing to the Civil War, little was done to 
improve the site, but immediately after the conclusion of peace rapid prog- 
ress was made in laying out and embellishing the Park, according to the 
plans of the Commissioners. In 1874, after about two-thirds of the work 
had been completed, operations were discontinued, and have since been 
carried on at irregular intervals, as appropriations from the public treasury 
would permit and necessity demanded. The Park is now substantially com- 
pleted. 

The park comprises the extensive tract of land bounded by Ninth, Flat- 
bush andPort Hamilton avenues, Fifteenth street and Coney Island Road, and 
is of an irregular oblong shape, with its greatest length from north to south, 
The bird's-eye view on another page will give an excellent idea of the position 
of the Park and the method followed in laying out the ground. The variety 
and picturesqueness of the landscape is exceedingly charming, and although 
an enormous amount of money has been expended in improving the beauty 
of nature, the embellishments have been such and so wonderfully adapted 
to their surroundings as to heighten rather than diminish the rural attrac- 
tiveness of the scenery. Richly wooded stretches and slopes border the 
beautiful expanse of lawns and meadows ; innumerable footpaths, arched 
overhead with interlaced and leafy boughs, intersect every nook and corner 
of the grounds, cross the streams by rustic bridges and wind around the 
borders of the broad and placid lake. Superbly macadamized roadways for 
carriages and bicycles, crowded with handsome equipages, cross and re- 
cross the park and skirt it on either side, now making the turn of a shady 
hill or now crossing a streamlet or gorge by an artistically-wrought bridge 
of iron or stone, circle in graceful curves among the groves of lofty and 
luxurious trees, and open upon level or undulating playgrounds, ball greens 
and grassy meadows. 

One of the chief attractions is the Lake, covering about 77 acres in 
extent, and occupying the southeastern extremity of the Park. In part it 
is a broad expanse of water with innumerable inlets and bays, studded 
and broken with many little wooded islets and jutting peninsulas! Thj 



68 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

waters of this lake abound with fish of many vafietiss, whose silvery 
and golden scales glint and sparkle in the sunlight as they glide in 
shoals from eddy to eddy. Light cedar skiffs and rowboats of all kinds 
are kept for hire to parties desiring an outing on the water at the exten- 
sive pleasure dock at the northwestern extremity of the lake. It is said 
that nowhere in the country is there to be found, a larger fleet of boats used 
for the purposes of recreation. Besides rowboats of every description and 
capacity, several beautiful steam launches, graceful in their outlines, safe 
and most comfortable in their appointment, are kept for hire to parties of 
larger size who desire to make a voyage of the lakes. Competent engineers 
are supplied and every precaution taken to guard against accidents. 
Parents, with their children, and parties of young people may have utmost 
confidence in the skill and competence of the engineer and navigator. 
There is no record of accidents in connection with the boa^ service in Pros- 
pect Park. Courteous and obliging men are employed by the superintend- 
ent to row the boats for those who either may not wdshorare unaccustomed 
to row themselves. The fee for the service of these rowers is quite small, 
and is not at all proportionate to the quiet pleasure afforded by the trip. 
Young children unescorted by their guardians may be safely trusted to 
the care of these cautious and watchful boatmen, who can be depended 
upon to exercise a strict discipline over the movements of the little ones 
while afloat. A sort of rowing school has been established here to give 
girls and ladies an opportunity of properly learning the science of rowing 
and the general principles of managing a boat. The idea has been an ex- 
cellent one, and has been taken advantage of by hundreds. The charges 
for instruction are regulated by the number of hours, and no arrangement 
need be made for lessons in advance. It is well, however, to save confu- 
sion or possible disappointment, after having selected a comfortable boat and 
a suitable pair of oars, to have it understood at what time they will be again 
required, so that they may be reserved for your use. All the boatmen are 
under the direct supervision of the proprietor, and no deviation from the 
rules of courtesy and gentlemanly bearing toward the parties under their 
care need be feared. This stretch of water, having three times the area of 
the lake in Central Park, New York City, is the best place in the entire 
metropolitan district for aquatic exercise. The charge for the rowboats is 
50 cents an hour for from one to three persons, if they row themselves. The 
charge for a rower is 50 cents per hour additional. For more than three 
persons the rate is 10 cents for each additional person. The charge for a 
trip in the steam launches is 10 cents for adults and 5 cents for children 
"'':^t over 12 years of age. 

All the boats are provided v/ith cushions, backboards and tillers. The 
oars supplied are exceedi'-gly light and strong and of the most approved 
pattern and are chosen with a regard to the kind of boat in which they are 
to be used. 

Superfluous wraps, hand-bags, tennis rackets, etc., may be left in the 
check room of the boathouse. So popular is this form of recreation that 
frequently the lake and channels are alive with boats going hither and 
thither with gay parties of pleasure seekers, and it becomes a problem of 
navigation to escape collisions and mishaps. The boat landing is within a 
few minutes walk from the Plaza or Flatbush avenue entrance. This lake is 
during suitable weather in winter as an open air rink and is patronized by 
throngs of skaters. It is mainly artificial, being supplied by water pumped 
from wells situated on the western side of the southern end of the lake. 



PARKS AND ROADS. 69 

The tall tower of the pumping station is one of the conspicuous objects in 
this part of the grounds, and may be seen from the water. The dock near 
by is a favorite landing place for parties of rowers. Along the borders of 
the lake and on some of the islands and peninsulas which stud it are very 
artistic rustic bowers under the shade of the spreading elms and chestnuts. 
Boat landings are near by and boating parties may vary the quality of their 
amusement by resting in these shady arbors and viewing the delightful 
scenery of the lake and its surrounding woodlands, hills and meadows. At 
night the shores are lighted by electricity, and all the boats on the water 
carry colored lanterns in accordance with the U. S. statute. The scene on 
the lake on a fine night is wonderfully romantic, and reminds one of the wa- 
ter plazas of Venice, with their gliding gondolas and flitting lanterns. 

Another feature of the park that contributes largely to the public ap- 
preciation of its charms of scenery and healthf ulness is the 'carriage service. 
This service consists of a large number of very comfortable and attractive 
vehicles so built as to afford all the occupants an unobstructed view of every- 
thing about them. They are always kept clean and are never allowed to 
get out of repair, so that their safety even when crowded need never be 
doubted. Strong a ill well-kept horses are employed in this service, and 
each carriage is provided with a competent driver and efficient guide, who 
points out all the places of interest along the route. Parties of children 
with or without their parents or guardians find a trip on these car- 
riages a glorious contribution to their other sports and open air enjoyments 
in the park. The carriages generally stop on Lookout Hill, affording the 
passengers a superb view of Coney Island, Manhattan and Rockaway 
Beaches, the Ocean, Navesink Highlands, the Lower New York Bay, 
Staten Island, and the landscape eastward on Long Island. Every point 
of interest in the park is visited during the drive, and some rare glimpses 
of the beauties of the grounds are had. Carriages will be found in waiting 
at all the entrances and at some of the principal points in the park. 
The entrances to the park are eight in number, the chief one being 
through the Plaza at the junction of Flatbush and Ninth avenues. The 
others are located as follows : Ninth Ave. , opposite 3d St. , Ninth Ave. , 
opposite 15th St. ; Coney Island Ave.,* opposite i6th St. ; Ocean Parkway and 
Coney Island Ave. ; Flatbush Ave. and Malbone St. ; and Ocean and Fort 
Hamilton Aves. At the Plaza entrance to the park is the Soldiers' and 
Sailors' Monument, described elsewhere. The great Eastern Parkway 
begins at this point. Here carriages may most conveniently be taken. 
The statues and monuments in the park are: Statue of Abraham Lincoln, 
the Stranahan Monument, and busts of Washington Irving, John Howard 
Payne and Thomas Moore. These works of art may be seen during the 
drive. The charge for a roUndtrip in the carriages is twenty-five cents for 
each adult passenger and ten cents for children. 

Open-air public concerts are given at the music stand in the park 
grounds on Saturday and Sunday afternoons from the first week in June 
until about the middle of September, and attract vast crowds of people. 

Some idea of the immense cost and utility of Prospect Park may be 
gained from the following figures : The total cost of the park has been 
over nine and a quarter million dollars, of which about five and a half mil- 
lions have been expended upon improvements. Of the 526 acres, 
no acres are wooded, 260 are planted with shrubbery and exotic 
plants, 70 are laid out as lawns and playgrounds or as pasture for the 
iiock of thoroughbred sheep, and 77 are covered by the lake and its ramifi- 



^Q CITIZEN GUIDE. 

cations. There are nine miles of carriageway, over three miles of bridle- 
paths and about twelve miles of walks. The Park is visited annually by 
about 2,400,000 vehicles, 127,000 equestrians and 13,400,000 pedestrians. 
On special occasions nearly 200,000 persons have been known to visit the 
park in one day. During last year 2,550 baseball games, 307 games of 
football and over 12,000 games of tennis, besides 12 lacrosse and 37 polo 
matches were played in the park. The athletic fields of the park are under 
the control of the Park Commissioner, and their use by private clubs and 
individuals is regulated by rules and conditions so constructed as to afford 
the greatest freedom and pleasiire to the greatest number without detri- 
ment to the grounds or interference with the private rights of precedence. 
Accommodations are afforded for the safe-keeping and storage of athletic 
tools and sporting equipments. 

The carriage road to the right after passing through the Plaza entrance 
leads to the once well-known Hicks Post Tavern. Farther along this road 
on the left is the Long Meadow and the lake regions. Midway between 
the Long Meadow and the lakes is a range of gently sloping hills embel- 
lished with arcades, bowers, terraces and laid with walks and drives lead- 
ing to the tree-clad summits near the Farm House, which is reached by a 
beautiful wooded road, and on either side may be seen the white fallow and 
North American deer. 

Prospect Park has very interesting historic associations, which make 
for it a place not only in the story of Brooklyn, but in the annals of the 
country. It was around the crest of Prospect Hill that Gen. George Wash- 
ington in 1776 threw up earthworks and barricades to protect the American 
army and the neighboring villages from the attacks of the British. Almost 
in the centre of the park is Battle Pass, a little quiet valley which was 
the scene of a most desperate and bloody struggle between the Ameri- 
can and British troops on the 27th of August of that memorable year. 
About 400 of the Delaware and Maryland soldiers under the command 
of General Sullivan formed the center of the force stationed around the 
heights to check the advance of the enemy upon New York, and to this 
valiant little band belongs the glory ^of having defended this pass against 
tremendous odds from sunrise until midday, when at last, overpowered by 
the merciless fire of the British artillery and attacked on the flank and rear, 
their ranks were broken and they were compelled to retire and yield their 
position, losing a large proportion of their number. The site of the redoubt 
in Battle Pass is still preserved to commemorate the scenes of that event- 
ful day. Near by is a brass tablet telling the tale. On the east side of 
the park is a little bluff overlooking Flatbush avenue near Valley 
Grove, where was placed a small two-gun battery which poured a hot fire 
upon the ranks of the Hessian soldier}^ as they marched up the old post road 
toward the fortifications. In the middle of the Flatbush turnpike stood the 
famous Dongan oak, which was felled on the day of the battle to help obstruct 
the entrance of the pass. • The Brooklyn Tree Planting Society has placed a 
young oak on the spot where the Dongan oak stood. The occasion was 
marked by a large gathering of Brooklyn's most patriotic citizens. 

Prospect Park is most conveniently reached by the following railway 
lines: Flatbush Ave. Line, Lee and Nostrand Ave. Line, Prospect Park 
and Holy Cross Cemetery Line, Brooklyn City and Newtown Electric Line, 
Prospect Park and Coney Island Railroad, or the Coney Island and Brook- 
lyn Electric Railroad. 



PARKS AND ROADS. 71 

^ RiDGEWOOD Ball Grounds, between Eldert and Hancock streets and 
Irving and Wyckoff avenues, is a private inclosure for the use of baseball 
and other athletic clubs. The grounds are most conveniently reached by 
the Myrtle Avenue Elevated or surface railways. 

RiDGEWOOD Park, see Highland Park. 

Sunset Park is a new public square about 14 acres in extent, a few 
blocks to the south of Greenwood Cemetery. Its boundaries are 5th and 
7th avenues and 41st and 43rd streets. The land has been but recently ac- 
quired, and when improved will form one of the finest of the city's parks. 
The ground is high, being in some places 170 feet above sea level, and from 
the top of which one of the finest views of the Harbor and Bay of New York 
can be obtained. 

The Plaza is the name given to the circle at the northern entrance of 
Prospect Park, embracing a central paved space and three small encircling 
parklets. In the centre of this space stands an immense fountain ornamented 
with a lofty and very artistic central shaft bearing the lesser receiving basins. 
Opposite the junction of Flatbush and Vanderbilt avenues stands the col- 
lossal statue of Abraham Lincoln, by H. K. Brown, and presented to the 
city in 1868 by the War Fund Committee of Kings County. At the other 
extremity of the Plaza and overlooking the entrance to Prospect Park is the 
magnificent granite arch erected by the citizens of Brooklyn to the memory 
of the Soldiers and Sailors from Kings County who lost their lives during 
the Civil War. The elevations, arranged in a horseshoe-shaped series of 
small wooded parks which partly inclose the Plaza, form a charming and 
natural setting to this highly embellished circle. The cars of the Flatbush 
and Vanderbilt avenue lines run through the Plaza. 

The Washington Ball Ground is a private inclosure to the southwest 
of Prospect Park, and bounded by Fourth and Fifth avenues and Third 
and Fifth streets. The quickest means of access is by the Fifth Avenue 
Elevated Railway to the Third street station. 

Tompkins Park is one of the more beautiful of the small parks of this 
city, and is bounded b}'- Greene, Lafayette, Tompkins and Marcy avenues. 
It is between seven and eight acres in extent, and was surveyed as early as 
1839, although not graded or improved until about 1870. The ground has 
been effectively laid out in lawns and walks, and rendered attractive by an 
abundance of shade trees and shrubbery. The grounds were formerly be- 
low the level of the bordering streets, but have been filled in and raised to 
their present level. 

Twelfth Ward Park is a new and unfinished public square about six 
acres in area, lying about midway between the Atlantic and Erie Basin. Its 
boundaries are Richards, Dwight, Verona and William streets. A bill passed 
by the last Legislature provides for an addition of two blocks south of Wil- 
liam street. 

WiNTHROP Park, a new and small place for open-air 'recreation in the 
northwestern section of the city, is bounded by Monitor and Russell streets 
and Nassau and Driggs avenues. It embraces about i}4. acres of level 
ground, and is being rapidly improved by the laying out of lawns and walks 
and the planting of shrubbery. Owing to the conformation of the land, a 
large amount of filling had to be done before any attractive improvements 
could be begun. 

Washington Park, one of the largest of the city's pleasure grounds, and 
a place memorable as the arena of many stirring events at the time of the 
Revolutionary War, is located in the heart of the city, and is bounded by Can- 



72 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

ton and Cumberland streets and Myrtle and DeKalb avenues. The park ex- 
ceeds thirty acres in extent, and occupies one of the most elevated and health- 
ful sites within the limits of Brooklyn. The grounds embrace the eminence 
and slope formerly known as Fort Greene, and used by General Washington 
and his troops as one of the greatest points of vantage against the British 
in their attempt upon New York in 1776. For the purpose of fortification, 
massive earth and stone embankments were thrown up, and the place was 
so strengthened as to make it one of the principal defences of the Ameri- 
cans. Again, during the War of 18 12, when foreign invasion was imminent, 
the disused earthworks were replaced and the fort put into a condition for 
occupation, thanks in part to the heroic spirit and efforts of many of the 
women of the then small town of Brooklyn, who, rather than see their 
country unprepared for defence, gladly helped in throwing up the breast- 
works. After these episodes, of great local as well as national import, the 
site of Fort Greene was reserved for public uses; but, owing to various con- 
tentions over the boundaries of the place, and the assessments for mainte- 
nance, it came near being leveled and thereby losing much of its historic 
interest. The Legislature, however, in 1847, in answer to an appeal of 
prominent citizens, authorized the establishment of the present Washington 
Park on the site of Fort Greene. After this the place was improved at 
great expense, and soon became one of the most attractive as well as most 
interesting parks in the Union. It is now under the control of the Commis- 
sioner of Department of Parks. The entire space is surrounded by a mas- 
sive rubblestone wall with a heavy granite coping, which goes far to pre- 
serve the military aspect of the place. Between Myrtle avenue and Canton 
street is a broad plaza paved with concrete, where displays of fireworks are 
sometimes given and public mass meetings held. From the boraer of this 
plaza rises a series of three superb grassy terraces, which slope to the sum- 
mit of the hill. These terraces are broken by two broad flights of stone 
steps which lead to the plateau. On the second ten^ace, between these 
steps, is the vault containing the remains of the patriotic soldiers who per- 
ished on the British prison-ship "Jersey," in the East River, during the War 
of the Revolution. The high ground, which is somewhat undulating, is 
beautifully laid out in lawns and walks, with an abundance of ornamental 
trees and shrubbery. On the eastern slope is an ample grass-covered space 
set apart as a children's playground. From the elevated plateau may be 
had a commanding view of all the surrounding city and landscape. The 
neighborhood of Washington Park, especially to the east and south, is one 
of the most fashionable districts in Brooklyn. Strangers will be well repaid 
by a visit to this delightful park. 

Washington Square, about one acre in extent, at the junction of Wash- 
ington and Underbill avenues, is a small breathing spot artistically planted 
with trees and shrubs, and during the summer months decorated with 
prettily-arranged flower beds. 

The Koads of liOng Island. 

The roads of Long Island and the streets of Brooklyn may best be de- 
scribed as in a state of transition. For a generation, and years before, they 
have been execrable for both the cyclist and the driver. Of late, however, 
a march of improvement has set in in obedience to the popular demands. 
Queens County has been especially active in building firm and well-bedded 
highways, and more are being projected each year. It is still impossible for 
a wheelman to make an island tour in comfort, but he will find many superb 




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PARKS AND ROADS. 73 

stretches of road as smooth as a dancing floor. These stretches are being gradu- 
ally joined together, and a system of macadam is under way that will soon 
make a perfect network. Queens County is preparing to spend one million of 
dollars this coming year, and the County of Kings is awakening to the occasion. 

The sand of Long Island is its road problem. Macadam, is its only solu- 
tion. Where the highways are of dirt there is seldom satisfaction, however 
well the soil is packed. The dirt highwa}'^ is found in its best form on the 
north shore, where the soil is clayey and has little sand. On the slope to 
the sea macadam has no substitute. 

The geographical form of Long Island planned and determined its main 
roads. As the old inhabitants put it — there is a middle country road, a 
north country road, a south country road. The north road runs from Long 
Island City out Port Jefferson way; the middle, weU up on the south slope 
of the hills that marks the island's middle from East New York to Green 
port; the south, from Jamaica, or perhaps Woodhaven, to Sag Harbor. 
The summary following does not pick, routes for the horse or wheel. It 
simply mdicates the chief roads and pikes, their present condition and the 
way to get on them. 

Brooklyn and Kin^s County. 

Asphalt has been meagrely used on the Brooklyn streets. There is 
enough of it, however, to provide agreeable access on the wheel to Prospect 
Park. Bedford avenue is an admirable roadway and so is Cumberland street, 
in a lesser degree. In the lower portion of the city Clinton, Schermerhorn 
and Henry streets are very rideable. Flatbush avenue, the way to the Park, 
asphalted on each side of the trolley line, and Hanson Place, together with 
the lower part of Sixth and Seventh avenues, are much in use by cyclists. 

Ocean Parkway is the hnest of three great roads leading from Prospect 
Park south. The Park driveways are well asphalted and the parkway 
itself is a beautiful piece of macadam. Its width is 210 feet and a double 
row of trees line it. There are narrow drives on either side and special cy- 
clists' paths. Unfortunately, it is in too popular use as a speedway. It 
ends — after five and a half miles — in the Concourse, a fine broad road, lying 
directly along the ocean and covering over fifty acres. To the east of the 
parkway is the Graves Turnpike, an excellent road, but much narrower, be- 
ginning at Wmdsor Terrace, the Franklin avenue entrance to the Park, and 
ending at the Fair Grounds. West is Fort Hamilton Avenue, generally in 
capital condition, running from the edge of the Fort to the botmdaries of 
Greenwood, skirting them and meeting the Graves Turnpike at the Park. 
A dirt highway, easy to go over and noted for its magnificent sunset views, 
is the Shore Road from the city line at Sixtieth street to Fort Ham.ilton. Flat ■ 
BUSH Avenue since its alteration presents an admirable surface from the 
park to Flatlands Post Office. Its shade trees are the finest in the county. 
The old Kings Highway meets the Shore Road near the Fort. Thence it 
runs criss-cross Gravesend and Flatlands to the now almost obliterated but 
famous Hudderfly road. It is only in passable condition , and its northern com- 
mencement is difficult to find. A direct line should be taken from Ralph 
and Atlantic avenues across poor country roads south, for about half a mile. 
The Eastern Parkway is a great driveway running eastward from the Plaza. 

Queens and Suffolk Counties. 

In Queens County all roads, or nearly all, lead to Jamaica. The chief 
exceptions are the North Shore Turnpike and the Old Shore Road of As- 



74 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

toria. The latter is but fair and without especial interest. The North 
Shore Turnpike commences in Jackson avenue, Long Island City, a few- 
blocks from the 34th Street Ferry. After the Newtown line is passed it is 
macadamized, and runs five miles across the causeway, into Flushing, where, 
under the name of Broadway, it is continued to the fountain at Roslyn. Good 
minor roads branch off from here, north to Sands Point, south to Mineola, 
and across the stream, the pike goes on to Cold Spring and Port Jefferson. 

The way from Brooklyn to Jamaica is marked with some difficulty to a 
novice. The usual route is up the Eastern Parkway, from the Park 
Plaza to, say, Pennsylvania avenue, and thence on to the old Jamaica Plank 
Road. There are finer highways than these, however. The Plank Road, 
though often in good condition, is marred by an electric line, and is not 
agreeable for either wheel or horse. Preferable by far is one of the two 
great pikes — the Myrtle Avenue, remarkably clear and level its entire 
length, and with the best macadam of the two, and the Middle Village 
Turnpike, the Lutheran Cemetery Road, extending from the end of North 
Second streot and of much picturesqueness. It is at its very prettiest in 
apple blossom time. 

There are some bad stretches of road in Newtown, but these are short, 
for the most part. The Hoffmann Boulevard, best reached by taking the 
Middle Village Pike to Hopewell Junction (near the Jamaica town line), 
has a fine run to the northwest into Winfield, and gives a superb view of 
Flushing Bay. In places, however, its roadbed is only fair. The old 
Trotting Course Lane, beginning by the side of an old Dutch house at the 
Woodhaven Water Works, is little known, though in good condition, and is an 
interesting ride. The Woodhaven Road, commencing at the Pumping 
Station on the Jamaica Plank Road and running north to meet the Hoff- 
mann Boulevard, is not to be recommended, though the prospect from it is 
pleasing. Still another highway — this unnamed — is to be reached by fol- 
lowing out Grand street, and taking the first road to the left after crossing 
Newtown Creek. It leads past the summer house of DeWitt Clinton in the 
hamlet of Berlin. 

From Jamaica to the southward a multiplicity of roads stretch them- 
selves out. The Jamaica South Plank Road, once upon a time the old 
Rockav/ay Plank Road, runs from Woodhaven, on the edges of Jamaica, 
across the head of Jamaica Bay to Lawrence, At the moment it is in lam- 
entably bad condition, but it will be one of the first highways to be macad- 
amized this summer. Lawrence and Cedarhurst, Lawrence notably, have 
some superbly kept roads, and others again that almost bury the wheels in 
sand. Finest, perhaps, of all the roads leading out of Jamaica is the Rock- 
away Road, intersecting the Jamaica South Plank Road at South Jamaica, 
and extending from Fulton street, Jamaica, down to the shore, or nearly 
there. It has three miles of the most perfect macadam imaginable. The 
other RocKAWAY Pike, that from Rockville Centre to Wave Crest, has been 
gradually improved until much of it is macadam, the rest being excellently 
packed dirt. The system down the "Rockaway Peninsula" is to be 
built up this season to Seaside avenue, Rockaway Beach, so that a Brook- 
lyn wheelman may ride there next Spring, never once leaving the mac- 
adam. 

The Old South Road, running from Woodhaven to Bergen's Landing, 
at the head of Jamaica Bay, is three miles in length and well macadamized. 
Eastward from Jamaica, extending out from the main street (Fulton), is 
Jericho Pike. It runs through Hollis, and at Callister Factory begins a 



PARKS AND ROADS. 75 

stretch of seven to eight miles macadam. Beyond this it is a hard dirt 
highway, well kept, which goes out to Greenport opposite Shelter Island. 
After Jericho is passed the road commences to get hilly. From Jericho 
there is a short piece of highway to Hempstead that is in good condition. 
The Hempstead and Jamaica Plank Road is bad riding at present, but a 
wheelman will find excellent sidewalks. He will do well, however, to have a 
care and not ride on the sidewalks inside the town boundaries proper, as the 
town authorities restrict wheeling on sidewalks, and are strict in imposing fines 
or imprisonment, or both, on offenders. The Merrick Road from Jamaica is 
poor to the Hempstead town line, but very fine macadam beyond it. A 
good solid highway of dirt leads from Hempstead to Farmingdale, weak, 
however, in several places. The northwesterly little pike to Cold' Spring 
Harbor is hilly, but very fair riding in all weathers. A highway 
that is beautiful because of its many windings leads from East WilHston to 
Roslyn. It runs down to Freeport on the Sound Shore, made of hard 
packed dirt and always good. From the Town Hall, Jamaica, a finely 
laid pike of macadam extends due north into Flushing Village. It is known 
among wheelmen as the Jamaica Pike. This road is duplicated in direc- 
tion and destination, though hardly in excellence, by the old Black Stump 
Road that also enters Flushing from Jamaica. 

The Babylon Pike comes down from Hempstead with a more than pas- 
sable roadbed, and at Babylon itself the great clamshell road begins, with 
its straight, dehghtfully shaded run full sixty miles into the sandy regions 
of the Shinnecock. After that narrow strip is crossed, it improves and 
stretches down to Sag Harbor smooth as glass and is excellent traveling. Tt 
IS known everywhere as the Great South Shore Road. 

N. B.— The best bicycling and driving roads on Long Island are 
indicated on the sectional bird's-eye views of the island by a dotted line 
( - ' - - - ) in the centre of the roads. 



/cRT A;^ID architecture. 



Brooklyn's Collections of Paintings — Its Statues and Monuments- 
A Review of the Architecturally Notable Buildings in the City- 
Greenwood's Mortuary Art. 



It is through her private collections that Brooklyn holds a well defined 
and high place in the Art world. There is at present no public collection 
whatever, though, when the Institute of Art and Sciences is built, halls 
and galleries will be reserved for that purpose and one established. A 
fund for the purchase of pictures already aggregates $10,000, and there will 
be no lack of further subscriptions when the hour amves. But, throughout 
the parlors and private galleries of the town there are hundreds of fine can- 
vases of English, Continental and American masters, the French school of 
this century being in especial favor. 

Though from what remains there is no need to complain, the city has 
recently suffered an irreparable art loss in the complete dismemberment of 
one of its finest collections and the removeJ of another to New York. Henry 
M. Johnston of Downing street sold his entire gallery late in February, the 
canvases including Isabey's " Embarcation," a " Tiger " of Corot's, Daub- 
igny's "The Afterglow " and a score more quite as valuable. The death of 
David C. LyaU of Presi dent street brought about the removal of his family 
to New York and the consequent loss to Brooklyn of all of the Lyall pic- 
tures. Chief among these were Millet's famous " Birth of the Calf," Dela- 
croix's great " Rape of Rebecca," four superb Daubigny's, Cot's charming 
" Springtime," and a wealth of canvases of French artists. 

Of the collections that remain intact the most important by far is that 
of Henry T. Chapman, Jr., of Clinton Avenue, corner of Lafayette. Back 
in the early seventies, when the French painters of the school of 1830 were 
not understood or appreciated, Mr, Chapman saw their merit and com- 
menced purchasing. He was the first man in America to understand their 
art and many of the pictures in his parlor to-day are unapproachable in 
their beauty. The most important are his Dupre's "Summer," Michel's 
" Hills of Montremart " (and he has thirteen other canvases of this"* artist), 
Isabey's "The Cardinal's Blessing," Diaz's "The Cloud Breaking," Rich- 
ard Wilson's " Ruins of Tivoli," Sir Joshua Reynolds' " Muscipula," and 
examples of Decamp, Delacroix, Rousseau, Lambinet, Courbet, Millet, 
Fortuny, Troyon, Rembrandt, Watteau, Crome the elder, and Huet; over 
160 canvases in all. Mr. Chapman has also an admirable collection of por- 
celains (nearly 300 pieces) of all tints and varieties and he is a recognized 
authority on this subject. In his parlors also are several fine old bronzes. 

Now that the Lyall gallery has been turned into a club house, the finest 
private gallery in the city is John T. Martin's of lower Pierrepont street. His 



ARTS AND ARCHITECTURE. 77 

chef d'oeuvre is Knaus' " Christening," and yet others are Millet's " Going 
to Work," Daubigny's " On the Oise," and canvases of Rousseau, Diaz, 
Detaille, De Neuville and Meissonnier. Henry T. Cox, at the corner of 
Joralemon and Henry streets, has a fine Cabanel, Diaz, Daubigny, Gerome 
and Schreyer and a very beautiful little gallery to place them in. Mr. Cox's 
particular delight, however, is the costly one of extra illustrating and there 
is an Izaak Walton in his parlors on which he is said to have spent 
$12,000. Other volumes he has extra-illustrated extensively are Horace 
Walpole, "English Bards and Scotch Reviewers" and the "Pilgrim's 
Progress." 

The Healys, father and son, of Columbia Heights, had a fine collec- 
tion two years ago, but it has since been sold. John S. James, near the 
foot of Pierrepont street, numbers among his paintings examples of David 
Johnson, Demont, Breton, Hagsborg, Kowalski and Vibert. Carll H. De 
Silver, a little ways up the street, has an especially fine Vibert, and a W3'ant, 
added to a Daubigny and a Rico. John Mason, of 138 Hicks street, shows a 
fine series of the P'rench schools. Edward H . Litchfield, on Montague Ter- 
race, has excellent statuary throughout his great hall, examples of Fantac- 
chiotti, Ross and Mead. Latham A, Fish, just opposite Mr. Cox, has Breton, 
Vibert, Schreyer, and Rico on his walls. John B, Ladd, on Henry near 
Joralemon, is another of the owners of important paintings. 

In South Brooklyn, W. W. Kenyon of Union street has now the only 
collection of size and value. Next to Mr Chapman's the collection on the 
Hill is that of J. C. Hoagland, on the next block, who possesses an exquisite 
Henner, a fine Dupre marine, a Gainsborough, a Troyon and one of the best 
Daubigny's in the country. 

Art Organizations. ® 

As early as 1862 the first of the ar^. clubs of Brooklyn was organized un- 
der the name of the Brooklyn Art Social. There was something of a mini- 
ature Bohemia in the city at that time — a Bohemia that has long since died 
out — and it centered in the old buildings in Montague street. In 1864 or '65 
(the date is uncertain) the Art Social died, and the Art Association sprang 
up in its place. Gradually the laymen obtained complete control of this ; 
and nearly all the artists resigned. In the meantime the Association had 
erected its fine Gothic building and became of paramount social importance. 
For the brilliant Academy receptions it gave during the seventies see chap- 
ter on Society. Of later years it has been devoted to periodic exhibitions, 
and in conjunction with the new Institute of Arts and Sciences has estab- 
lished a flourishing art school. 

Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences — for details as to its pro- 
posed gallery and prospects see chapter on Education. 

Brooklyn Art Club. — The artists that left the Art Association in 1878 
formed this society a year later, building the rules and by-laws so that only 
actual artists were eligible for m.embership. After some years of insignifi- 
cance the club entered upon anew epoch in 1885 and in the Fall of 1887 gave 
its first annual exhibition in the Art Association rooms. Its percentages of 
canvases sold is the highest in the country, having touched 42^. The 
present membership is about 80, and there are many New Yorkers in the 
ranks. The fame of this society has done much to raise the reputation of 
Brooklyn as an art centre. Its in embers are always found among the 
exhibitors in all the leading art exhibitions in the Eastern States. 



78 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Brooklyn Art Guild. — A fraternal association of artists, much smaller 
and giving no exhibitions. Its rooms are at 246 Fulton street (Ovington's 
Studio Building). Miss E. R. Coffin is President, and the membership is 

about 40. 

Rembrandt Club. — A society of connoisseurs and collectors meeting 
monthly at the homes of members to hear art papers read by famous art- 
ists. The membership is fixed at 100 and there is always a large waiting 
list.' 

Artists and Illustrators. 

Brooklyn has been unfortunate in having many of her painters lured 
across the river to the great picture mart of New York. Well known New 
York artists who once painted and worked here are M. F. H. DeHaas, James 
H. Hart, George Innes, Peter Paul Ryder, S. S. Guy, Carlton Wiggins, J. 
G. Brown, Edwm H. Blashfield, A. B. Wenzel, Wm. E. PHmpton, George 
h'. Bogart, and Richard Creifelds. Still the city is not without adequate 
representation now. In figure painting and landscapes there are Frederick 
J.Boston, parry Roseland, Maria R. Dixon, Benjamin Eggleston, J. B. 
Whittaker, Joseph H. Boston, Eleanor C. Bannister, S. M. Barstow, Robert 
M. Decker, Erskine Wait, W. H. Snyder, S. S. Carr and Clark Crum. In 
illustrating, W. Hamilton Gibson, Alfred Brennan, Albert Blashfield, Wed- 
worth Wadsworth, Benjamin Eggleston, Frederick J. Boston and Harry 
Roseland are to be mentioned. Mr. Wadsworth some few years ago illus- 
trated an edition of Tennyson's "Brook," which called forth a compli- 
mentary letter from the then Poet Laureate. He is the only American 
artist possessing such. Warren Sheppard excels as a marine painter, 
Wedworth Wadsworth in water colors, and Alexander S. Locke, an old pu- 
pil of LaFarge, is an admirable designer of mosaic glass, 

Studios and Soliools. 

The studios of the artists are widely scattered. Montague street once 
had a nest of them but of late it has lost its hold. There is no building 
devoted exclusively to the art fraternity. The Ovington Building (246 Ful- 
ton street) houses half a dozen, the Arbuckle building opposite the City 
Hall Square and the Bank Building (Atlantic and Clinton streets), each a 
few. The art schools are prosperous in the extreme. The Brooklyn Art 
School in the Ovington Building (supported by the Art Association and new 
Institute) has nearly 150 pupils, instructed by such masters of the brush as 
Walter Shirlaw and William M. Chase. The Art Guild has excellent 
instruction for its members. The Adelphi Academy has 150 special 
art students and a superbly equipped studio. The Polytechnic and the 
Pratt Institute make distinct departments for art and have adequate 
courses 

Statuary of Brooklyn. 

The city is badly off so far as statuary is concerned. Outside of Pros- 
pect Park there is only one statue worthy of mention — the bronze Henry 
Ward Beecher that faces the City Hall. ' In all probability this too will be 
removed to the park before many months in deference to public sentiment. 
The figure is semi-colossal, its height being nine feet, and it represents 
Mr. Beecher in an unstudied pose, clad in a great cape coat, with his hat in 
hishand. The artist was J. Q. A. Ward, and the figure stands on a ped- 



ARTS AND ARCHITECTURE. 79 

estal that is the work of Richard M. Hunt. This pedestal is adorned with 
finely modelled bronze figures. 

Two good bronze figures are set in the Park Plaza. The statue to J. S. 
T. Stranahan is the design of Frederick MacMonies, who has done the colos- 
sal group of America for the World's Fair. So far as pose and portrait 
are concerned it is very nearly perfect. In size it is colossal, and while dig- 
nified and impressive absolutely unconventional. The Lincoln statue be- 
longs to an earlier period; it was set in its place in 1868 and was the design 
of H. K. Brown. It is in no wise remarkable as a work of art and is far too 
ornate. Within the park itself are busts of John Howard Payne and Wash- 
ington Irving. In the flower garden is a statue of Thomas Moore, interest- 
ing solely because of it beautiful floral surroundings. 

The Memorial Arch. 

The Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Arch is a striking feature of the 
plaza, and architect John H. Duncan, the designer of the Grant Monument, 
has put a good deal of the old war time spirit into it. Its motif is exactly 
that of the Roman Triumphal Arch and in spite of much of the possible ef- 
fect having been lost by placing it almost atop of the fountain instead 
of directly at the park entrance, it has a dignity and a grace of its own. Its 
material is of light granite with a polished granite base, the arch proper be- 
ing topped by a fine cornice. At either side are columnated pedestals de- 
signed to receive groups of statuary. Exquisitely cut figures appear in the 
spandrels of the south and those to the north have the seals of Brooklyn 
City and New York State. The keystones are reliefs of the United States 
Crest. 

Fountains. 

There is but one fountain of notability, that alongside the Memorial 
Arch, the work of Vaux. It is low and without a special design, forming 
the centre of avast circular basin and is turtle backed in plan, composed of 
plates of bronze. It was the original plan to have it lit by gas at night.^the 
light to stream through the gliding water, but this scheme has never been 
carried out. The fountain was laid out shortly after the park was de- 
signed. 

In Greenwood Cemetery. 

Mortuary art in its very best form is practically confined to Green- 
v/ood Cemetery. Hundreds of fine granite and marble shafts stand sharp- 
ly cut out by the green of the perfectly kept lawns. The Siefka monument 
near the main entrance, built of Connecticut granite, is admirably carved and 
possesses an exquisite figure of Hope at its apex. "Battle Hill" is marked 
by the "Soldier's Shaft" of granite surmounted by a military figure cast 
from cannons captured from the rebels. Nearby is the Litchfield plot, 
possessing a Michael Angelo in bronze. Further on is the Bennett tomb, 
with its well conceived group of half life size of a mother praying for her 
child and being comforted by an angel. The detail of this work is very 
beautiful, the woman's dress being carved in representation of satin in 
folds. The Cauda tomb in memory of Charlotte Cauda, who died when a 
maid of fifteen, is the facade of an exquisite Gothic chapel, perfect in its 
spires and tracery but marred by bases of granite supporting the finely 
veined marble. Two kneeling angels guard the sides. Other notable 
tombs are those of the Brown brothers; Ex-Mayor Gunther of New York, a 



80 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

plain granite shaft with two detached figures ; T. N. Phelps, a Gothic chapel 
on one of the little lakes; W. J. Florence, a dignified granite cross atop of a 
square monolith with faces of polished granite; the Danser on Vine and 
Fir avenues, the Harpers, and the Frazer of black and red granite columns. 

Architecture. 

To the unguided stranger within her gates Brooklyn seems to be of lit- 
tle interest architecturally. There is absolutely no place in the city's 
boundaries where fine buildings are massed. The seeker after art as ex- 
pressed in brick and stone has to explore. It wiU pay him liberally and 
well, for off and on in his travels he will come across some dainty bit of 
design and color. But these buildings are scattered and far apart. Around 
and about them are conventional dwellings and stores as like as "peas in a 
pod." It is only the architectural enthusiast, as a rule, that has the patience 
to search for v/heat among the heap of chaff. 

And yet the task of winnowing to-day is a far more grateful one than 
it would have been ten years ago. Within the past decade Brooklyn has 
entered into a new architectural epoch. It is only here and there that the 
change is discernible, it is true, but dozens of buildings mark it. The city 
in its sixty years of civic life has passed through three ages of building, the 
age of wood, the age of redbrick and the age of brown stone. The 
wooden age is now a by-gone, every day seeing more and more of its de- 
molition. The ages of red brick and brownstone, monotonous for block after 
block, is gradually feeling the touch of the new dispensation , and their char- 
acteristics are becoming lost. 

Conditions exactly the reverse of those across the river have developed 
Brooklyn's architecture. New York is a narrow island and buildings 
grew higher and narrower. Brooklyn spread out like a great fan. There 
was land and to spare, and the price of building lots did not hinder the archi- 
tect nor tax his inventiveness. He had no need to seek for his floor space 
in the air. The problem was such an easy one that he did not need to do 
his best. 

Of the old architecture of the town there are only a few remaining 
specimens scattered over the ist, 2nd and 4th wards, the chief character- 
istics of which are the doorways with their colonial detail, and railings of 
well executed v/rought iron work. There are also several old churches left 
to claim interest. It is the new age of terra cotta and yellow brick that m- 
vites attention, an age of fanciful Romanesque, Americanized, such as has 
now its way all over the country. The Dutch and English phases of design, 
once so prevalent in New York, passed the then little town of Brooklyn by; 
there is very Httle trace of them. One little touch of classicism of the for 
ties there was a few years ago in two old Dutch Reformed churches col 
umned like the Acropohs and of dazzling whiteness, one just back of the 
City Hall, the other on the Heights, at the beginning of Chnton street. 
But the march of improvement has wiped them both out of existence. 

From the upper bay a long line of warehouses and piers, backed by 
three story dwellings, nearly all of the same red brick, presents itself to the 
eye. There is not a touch of green to relieve it. Red and brown are the 
colors of the picture. It is best seen at sunset when the gleaming light 
from over the Jersey hills r<jflects itself in the windows of the mansions of 
the Heights. Several great apartment houses, and the spires of Holy 
Trinity and old St. Ann's, stretch themselves above the masses of brick and 
stone. Montague street Hill stands out sharply with its gray stone and iron 



ARTS AND ARCHITECTURE. 81 

railings, and the quaint little ferry house at its foot tells of the Brooklyn 
of thirty years ago. 

The Heights and City Hall Square. 

At the top of the hill is the renowned Brooklyn Heights, once in a sense 
the " avenue " of Brooklyn and now containing some of the most famous 
mansions of the town. There was once a project to build a terrace and drive- 
way around its whole outer edge. With the failure to realize this, what 
would have been one of the most beautiful roads in the world has been 
lost forever. On the hill's very brow, in among the brown stone mansions, 
stands the Arhngton, a free classic structvu-e of red brick built by Montrose 
W. Morris. It faces a plot of green, and just beyond, at the foot of Pierre- 
pont street, is a daintily porched structure of Queen Anne type, the home 
of Seth Low when he was Mayor of Brooklyn. Columbia Heights begins 
here ending finally at the Fulton Ferry house in the steepest hill on the 
island. Half way down its length is the Margaret of John Arbuckle, a huge 
and imposing apartment house, designed by Frank Freeman in a free 
adaptation of Romanesque. From its upper story there is a superb 
river view, from the street or the East River Bridge an impressive sky 
line. It is quaintly balconied and recessed, and the deep brown red of its 
brick harmonizes admirably with its iron work. Hardly a stone's throw 
away is the country like home, in classic style, of Henry C. Bo wen, the great 
rehgious publisher. This is at the corner of Willow and Clark streets. 
Just beyond, near the comer of Hicks and Orange, is the plain brick 
dweUing Henry Ward Beecher occupied. On Orange street, hard by, the 
unadorned front of Plymouth Church, spireless and with nothing of the 
sanctuary about its appearance, rears itself 

Lower Henry street has for its only imposing structure what is known 
as the " Sands Street Memorial," the home of the first Methodist congrega- 
tion of Long Island. The curious church was recently built to replace 
the edifice torn down by the bridge approach. It is in the form of a Greek 
cross and is built in five different kinds of stone, gray, brown, and dove 
being its prevailing colors. Its style is of the Italian Romanesque and it is 
marked by two towers, one of which is surmounted by a quaint belfry. In 
Pierrepont street, near the corner of Monroe Place, is the Dutch Reformed 
Church on the Heights, better known as Wesley Davis', unpretentious as to 
its exterior but filled within with elaborate mural work and superb stained 
glass. 

The junction of Pierrepont and Clinton streets has a marked architec- 
tural interest. On the south-westerly corner is the building of the Long 
Island Historical Societ}^ a masterly structure of Philadelphia red brick 
with terra cotta ornaments in the same tone and designed by Geo. B. Post. 
Its hall on the ground floor, library above and museum just under the roof 
are emphasized admirably by three distinct stories. The porch is set with 
granite columns and the spandrels of its arch have carved on them 
heads of a Norseman and an Indian, the design being by Olin Warner. 
On the cornice, over the library windows, are inset heads of Michael 
Angelo, Mozart, Socrates, Shakespeare, Franklin and Columbus. The outer 
pillars of the porch are carried up to the roof and end with a low tower on 
which is a dial. Diagonally opposite, the Brooklyn Savings Bank, for years 
housed in a severely classic edifice on lower Fulton street, is erecting a 
superb building solely for banking purposes. The white granite of its lower 



82 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

walls is all that is now to be seen. Its general design will be freely classic 
and its roof pointed and tiled in red. 

On the northwest corner is the old white house of Benjamin Silliman, 
and opposite that of the Brooklyn Club, plain and giving no evidence of its 
purpose. A square away Clinton joins with Montague street m a corner 
made famous by Holy Trinity Church. Holy Trinity was built early in the 
sixties by Le Fevre and is a fine specimen of Flamboyant Gothic. Its spire 
is the finest in the city and its tracery and finials are very beautiful. After 
a heavy snowstorm it is in its glory. Its interior is possibly the most im- 
pressive of any church in Brooklyn. 

A glance down Montague street toward the river shows a block of great 
apartment houses designed by Parfitt Bros., the Montague, the Berkley and 
the Grosvenor, of which the Montague, of redbrick adorned with granite and 
a well cut granite arched entrance, is by far the most beautiful. The finan- 
cial quarter of Brooklyn begins at Holy Trinity and extends down Montague 
street to City Hall Square. Across the street, directly to the south of Holy 
Trinity, tov/ers the new and daintily toned building of the Franklin Trust 
Co., a structure of pale buff brick, granite, and grey limestone, cleverly 
designed by Geo. L. Morse. The roof is finished in Spanish red tiles, the 
entrance portico is dignified and full of commercial character, and the hori- 
zontal lines are strong and well developed. The style and detail is Roman- 
esque. On the block above, towards Court stieet, are two buildings of the 
old type, plainly significant of art and literature. That of the Art Associa- 
tion is of pure Gothic form, with a touch of the old French school. It was 
built by Cady & Congdon in 1869. Here is, perhaps, the finest aesthetic 
effect in the city. It is done in varying tones of grey, the door has a 
doubled arched effect, and is a granite study, with adornment of different 
colored marbles. Over the door is an exquisitely traced tympanum. A 
corbelled balcony juts out from the third story and an arcaded window em- 
phasizes the French spirit. The Brooklyn Library, almost directly opposite, 
is in Venetian Gothic, designed by P. B. Wright in 1867. Alterations of 
dull gray stone and subdued red brick make it a startling piece of coloring. 
It is distinguished by a balcony, on which are set belligerent eagles, sug- 
gestive of the devils in the gallery connecting the towers of Notre Dame. 
Across the way is the admirable auditorium of the Academy with a facade, 
dignified but not particularly distinctive. It is done in Moorish style by 
Leopold Eidlitz, the designer of the Hebrew Temple on Forty-second 
street, New York. 

The view from the City Hall Square to the north shows the new Eagle 
Building in its composite color of brown and buff, and behind it the Roman- 
esque Federal building and Post Office of dull granite. The Eagle build- 
ing has a sharply truncated corner, and over the entrance to the counting- 
room a finely cut eagle is poised on a globe. Many of its lines are similar 
to those of the Franklin Trust Company Building, and it was the work of 
the same architect, Geo. L. Morse. The Federal Building is chiefly re- 
markable for its turrets and general Acridity of design. To the south, the 
City Hall, occupying the centre of the square, is a relic of the past. It was 
completed in 1849, and is of white marble, a huge portico, approached by 
a long flight of steps, and six Ionic columns, holding up the roof. The 
tower, in which swings the old fire bell, is 153 feet high. Back of the Hall 
are the City and County Buildings of classic design. The earliest of 
all Brooklyn's great office buildings stands to the west; the Garfield, too 



ARTS AND ARCHITECTURE. 83 

of colonial style, of unrelieved red brick, but dignified and with a pleasing 
tower cupola. It was designed by Cady & Co. 

Down Remsen street the ornate front of the Franklin Building by Par- 
fitt Bros, is to be seen dwarfing the little two story granite edifice of the 
Dime Savings Bank. Two blocks below, at the corner of Remsen and 
Henry streets, is the gray and religious Church of the Pilgrims (Dr. Storrs'). 
The Hamilton Club, on the corner above, is imposing but unadorned. On 
Joralemon street, near Clinton, stands the Packer Institute, the famous 
girls' seminary, a design of Le Fevre in French Gothic. Just around the 
corner in Clinton street is old St. Ann's, with its detail a Gothic of the north 
of Europe, and its color treatment taken from the cathedrals of the Italian 
cities. Its designers were Renwick & Sands. 

Soutli Brooklyn. 

This old residential section has few buildings of architectural note. 
Down Clinton street the white front of the Savings Bank, at the corner of At- 
lantic avenue, and the deep brown of Christ Church are all that mark it. A 
remarkably fine Gothic church of Le Fevre is situated at the comer of Strong 
Place and Degraw street. On President street, near Clinton , is the mansion of 
J. S. T. Stranahan with a great garden at its side. St. Agnes' Church, Gothic, 
at the corner of Sackett and Hoyt streets, stands out like a beacon amidst 
squalid monotony. It has an especially fine open interior. Other edifices 
in this section imposing by reason of their mass are St. Peter's Hospital at 
Henry, corner of Warren street, and the Long Island College Hospital, a classic 
porched building of white on a terrace on the corner of Henry and Pacific. 
Opposite this latter stands the Hoagland Laboratory, built after the Dutch 
School. 

Upper Fulton Street. 

Just off from the City Hall Square, from the easterly end of which it 
may best be viewed, is the Thomas Jefferson, the headquarters of the 
Kings County Democracy. This is a tall building of florid Romanesque, 
planned by Frank Freeman. Its design is that of four great piers with cop- 
per bays on each floor set in deep recesses. Two substantial arch doorways 
give admission. Back of the county buildings is the Polytechnic Institute 
and its recent addition, the old building classic, the new of Romanesque de- 
tail, designed by Wm. B. Tubby, sadly out of keeping with the old, but by 
itself distinctive. At 120 Schermerhorn street is the Germania Club, an 
overloaded but catchy and graceful facade distinguished by a superb bay on 
the parlor floor and with a sumptuous interior. Its motif is Romanesque 
and it was built bv Frank Freeman, Lost to public view from its situation 
on Jay street, near Willoughby, is the new Fire Department headquarters, 
a Romanesque structure of sand stone and red granite with a fine rectang- 
ular tower and good arched doorway, also Mr. Freeman's work. 

Along Fulton street, there is little worthy of notice until one comes to the 
splendidly recessed entrance of the Liebman Building, tiled and columned 
in different tones of marble, by Parfitt Brothers and William H. Beers in con- 
junction. Almost opposite is the granite front of the Wechsler Building 
done by Lauritzen in his best style. Just above DeKalb avenue the Young 
Men's Christian Association shows a homelike facade on Bond street. At 
the junction of Flatbush avenue are the Smith and Gray Building of a 
gleaming gray, with a high campanile minus the conventional bell, a quaint 
mottled commercial structure adjoining it and the red brick Johnston Build- 



84 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

ing facing the little triangle. The site of Talmage's old Tabernacle on 
Schermerhorn street near Third avenue is now marked by a great ware- 
house. Where Schermerhorn street runs into Flatbush stands the Young 
Women's Christian Association, a well designed edifice of buff brick, done 
by J. C. Cady & Company. 

The Hill. 

Where Greene avenue turns off from Fulton at Cumberland is the sum- 
mit of "the Hill,"()neof the highest points inthecounty. "The Hill" is pure- 
ly a section of homes and no public or commercial buildings mark i t in any 
way. Clinton avenue, a street of detached villas, framed in trees and gar- 
dens, is its focal centre. At its junction with Greene avenue is the new 
tabernacle of Talmage, a harmonious structure after Romansque forms, 
with a strong and artistic tower at the Greene avenue corner, pierced by 
two arched entrances of much character. Sandstone and brick are the ma- 
terials used by its designers, J. B. Snook & Sons. The corner tower was not 
carried up to the height planned , but does not need to be to make the build- 
ing an artistic success. The auditorium is the finest in the city. Imme- 
diately adjoining is the new Regent Hotel, almost ready for occupancy. 
It sets superbly against the brown of the Tabernacle and the green of the 
trees, with its white marble entrance, its white terra-cotta ornamentation 
and its body of pinkish-toned brick. The entrance is adorned with three 
beautifully grilled bronze lamps, and a great copper bay is a feature of its 
first floor. The building is French Renaissance and its designer was Ed- 
ward L. Angell. 

A few doors further on is the great " Pouch gallery," barely com- 
pleted at the death of its original owner, old Robert Graves. It has latterly 
won fame by being used for every sort of social function. Down Greene 
avenue the grass-covered walls of the unfinished Catholic cathedral stare at the 
passerby. Across the street is the red Church of the Messiah, noted for a 
tower like that of the Perigueux Cathedral in Southern France. On Clinton 
avenue, near Atlantic, stands St. Luke's, an Italian Romanesque structure 
of a church and chapel by John Welch, of grey limestone and brownstone, 
marked by two pinnacles and a tower. Its entrance is in the form of a 
colonnade. 

On Lafayette avenue, corner of St. James Place, is the Emanuel 
Baptist Church, an excellent example of Thirteenth Century Gothic, with a 
facade strongly resembling that of the cathedral at Cork. It has a triple 
arched doorway and is built of yellow stone. At the corner of Clifton 
Place is the Adelphi Academy, built in the English mode. At Grand and 
Gates stands the Vendome Apartment House, of Indiana limestone, by 
Fowler and Hough. In Putnam avenue, near Classon, is the new building 
of the Lincoln Club, marked by a Venetian turret of the Sixteenth Century, 
a design of R. L. Daus, and a block or so away on the same avenue the 
Ronianesque Monastery of the Precious Blood, just building, by the same 
architect. A mile across town to the north-west is historic Fort Greene, now a 
public park, with St. Phoebe's Mission House, a charity of the late A. A. Low, 
perched delightfully on its western end (Parfitt Bros). Over beyond the 
park, on Cumberland street, is the Homoeopathic Hospital, done in Italian 
Renaissance, with a well inset entrance by Fowler and Hough. On the 
park's edge, at the corner of De Kalb avenue and South Oxford street, is the 
brownstone home of Dr. Talmagfe. 




Vl[.FlLATBUSHA¥E.FaOMF[]118M §1T0 ATLANTIC AVE 



LOZENGES. 



ROWORTH'S 

Londoix Mospita.1 Xliroat 




Being the first house in ihe United States to secure and introduce the formu- 
las of Dr. Morell M.xCKENZIE, {of the London Hospital, for the Treatmetit of 
Throat Complaints), we take great pleasure in staling that our efforts have met 
with a success lar t)eyond our nust sanguine expectations. They have received 
the endorsement of the most eminent physicians, and as an evidence of the accu- 
racy and the beneticial results derived from ihe use of the troches made by us, we 
have but to state that our manu; acture of them has increased year by year. 

These Lozenges are, with the exception of those containing Carbolic Acid, 
made with Black Currant and Red Currant Fruit Pastes in all cases where they 
are prescribed for their immediate local effect. Most of the Lozenges con lain from 
70 to 80 per cent, of Fruit Pastes in each, i to 2 per cent, of po. trag., 4 per cent, 
of sugar, and varying quantity of the medicaments, according to the formulae given. 

These Lozenges are compounded in the old well tested and scientific manner 
and are far superior to the modern compressed lozenge or tablet, which often 
irritates and injures the delicate membranes of the throat. 

The excipien^s used in these Lozenges allay irritation, and assist the proper 
action of the medicine. 

Trochisci Acidi JBenzoici. — "Voice Xrochisci Cubebae. — For diminishing 

Lozenge." exi;essive secretion of mucus from pharynx. 

Trochisci Acidi Carbolici. — Anti- Trochisci Guaiaci. — For inflammation 

septic and stimulant. of the tonsils. 

Trochisci Acidi Tannici. — Strongly Trochisci Haematoxyli. — Mildly as- 

a>itringent. tringent 

Trochisci Althea.— Emolient. Trochisci Kino.— Astringent. 

Trochisci Catechu. — Mildly astringent. Trochisci Kratneriae. — Averypower- 
Trochisci Lactucae. — Soothing and ful astringent. 

mildly sedative. Trochisci F*otassae Tar. Acidae. 
Trochisci Potassae Chloratis. — — Topical sialogogue. 

Stimulating and antiseptic. Trochisci Pyrethri. — A very valuable 
Trochisci Potassae Citratis.— sialogogue. 

Topical sialogogue. Sedativi. — Sedative for irritative coughs and 

painful condition of the pharynx. 



ROWORTH'S SURPASSING 

FRUIT TABLETS AND COUGH TABLETS. 

Lime, Horehound, 

Orange, Horehound and Tar, 

Lemon, Horehound and Boneset, 

Peach, Horehound & Wild Cherry. 

Raspberry, Malt, 

Stra ^wherry. Wild Cherry, 

Pineapple, W^ild Cherry and Tolu, 

Violet, Slippery Blm, 

Mint, Cough, 

Wintergreen, Hops and Boneset, 

Plum, Everton Toffey, 

Iceland Moss, Butter Scotch. 

Manufactured by THE RO WORTH MANUFACTURING CO., 
21-27 NEW CHAMBERS STREET, NEW YORK. 



ARTS AND ARCHITECTURE. 85 

Buildings "have sprung up like magic here during the past decade, and 
Hancock and McDonough streets, in chief, have caught the spirit of the 
new residential architecture admirably. But while the general view through 
the streets is most pleasing, but few edifices of prominence have risen as 
yet. On Franklin avenue, near Fulton, stands the house and famous 
garden of David M. Stone, editor of the "Journal of Commerce." On 
Hancock street, near by, is the quaint iron church of Dr. Behrends, 
designed by Valk and painted white, a noticeable structure, both from its 
situation and peculiarity. Two squares above is the great apartm.ent 
house, the Alhambra, by Montrose W. Morris. It is misnamed, for there 
is nothing in its design to suggest the architecture of the Moors. At the 
corner of Bedford avenue and Lafayette is the Temple Israel, the only 
distinctive piece of Hebrev/ architecture in the city. The material used is 
amber-toned brick, and a Byzantine dome surmounts it. Its interior, car- 
ried out in the same style, has a good color scheme in green, yellow and 
gold (Parfitt Bros). Across Fulton street, where it joins with Bedford 
avenue, is the massive Brevoort (Mr. Morris' work), an edifice of sandstone 
and red brick. The Union League Club, of cinnamon brick and brown 
stone, asserts itself at the Bedford avenue fountain, just across Atlantic 
avenue. Its features are a bear on the roof, medallions of Grant and 
Lincoln, and an eagle holding up a bay with its outstretched wings. 

Across the street from this the walls of the new Twenty-Third Regi- 
ment Armory are rising. This palace of the guardsmen of " Ours " is of 
baronial design, battlemented and fortress-like, with Scotch castle towers 
on its Bedford avenue front, and an admirably arched gateway wdth an iron 
portcullis. Its towers are pierced for sharpshooters and it presents an ex- 
cellent defense line. The drill shed, extending back to Franklin avenue, is 
in perfect proportion to the executive front. Its material is of English 
brown sandstone and red brick, and its designers were Fowler and Hough, 
in conjunction with the State Architect. 

In this district south of Atlantic avenue there is row after row of artis- 
tic dwellings, big and broad detached houses and beautifully shaded streets. 
A notable edifice among them is the Hebrew Orphan Asylum at Ralph 
avenue and Dean street, by John B. Snook & Sons. It is built on Roman- 
esque lines, and marked because of its size and detached position. St. Bar- 
tholemew's, on Pacific street near Bedford, is a quaint little edifice, of deep 
red brick, done by Geo. B. Chappell. Crossing Fulton street again, at the 
corner of Throop avenue and Willoughby avenue, an excellent campanile is to 
be seen, the design of Fowler and Hough. Dr. Meredith's, at the corner of 
Tompkins avenue and McDonough street, is another good example of this 
class, with a larger tower (George B. Chappell). In amongst a mass of 
small and new dwellings at Sumner avenue, corner of Putnam, is building 
the new armory of the " Grey Thirteenth," a red brick structure trimmed 
with granite, modelled on the lines of a Thirteenth Century feudal castle 
of France by R. L. Daus. The towers on the Sumner avenue front are 
splendid pieces of design. 

Tlie Park Slope. 

The park slope has had a life of barely ten years. In 1884 the region 
now splendidly built up with private residences was little more than fields 
and pastures. To-day it is a place of the Romanesque, with a score or 
more houses of the French chateau type. It is a land of terra cotta and 
red brick, of gable roofs and dormer windows. It is a place of charming 



86 • CITIZEN GUIDE. 

homes, of quaint designs, little invaded by flats and apartments. At 
the turn of Eighth avenue into Flatbush there is one of the most distinctive 
buildings in the two cities, the Montauk Club of Francis H. Kimball. It is 
made after a Venetian Palace, following closely the Ca D'Oro on the Grand 
Canal, That water mansion is gleaming with marble and gold; the Mon- 
tauk is soberer in yellow brick and pale terra cotta. Within there is no 
Venetian color, as might be expected, but fittings of natural wood alone. 
There is a gallery on the upper floor of the front and a charming projecting 
cornice. Over a row of windows half way up stretches a frieze in bas relief, 
representing the exploits of the Montauk Indians, 

Northeast is the Park Plaza and beyond Reservoir Hill, back of which 
the new Institute of Arts and Sciences wiU stand. A tall, graceful water 
tower of gray shows itself amid the green, and the great arch of the Sol- 
diers and Sailors, an Arc de Trio77iphe of America commemorating 
the exploits of the war, the work of John H, Duncan, guards the 
foundation and the park approach. Along Eighth and Ninth avenues are 
a number of beautiful and stately mansions, the most notable being those 
of Henry C. Hurlburt and J. G. Dittmar on Ninth, Thomas Adams, Jr., J, 
Rogers Maxwell the yachtsman, and Eugene Maxwell on Eighth. On 
Seventh avenue, corner of Carroll, is the First Dutch Reformed Church of 
George L. Morse, modelled in pure French Gothic of Indiana limestone and 
of a uniform grey tint. It has the highest spire on the slope. A remark- 
ably strong and faithful adaptation of Gothic of the Thirteenth and Four- 
teenth Centuries is to be seen in St. Augustine's, on Sixth avenue and Stirl- 
ing place, the work of Parfitt Brothers. It is constructed of brownstone of 
a single texture, and has elaborate carving. Here the designer has caught 
the French spirit and made one of the most notable Catholic sanctuaries in 
the country. _ It is. designed eventually to build parochial schools, chapel 
and a parochial residence directly at hand in a complete parish massing, 
but now only the church stands. St. Augustine's apse, rounding on the 
street, is its conspicuous feature. The hne of the roof brings out a marked 
individuality. Here the crossing of the nave and transept are accentuated 
hy ^Jl^cke, a. dainty spire. A colossal figure of Gabriel stands in front. 
The doorway has a deep recess hne of crocketed niches, and the tower 
above them breaks into open work and delicate tracery, its squareness 
merged into a conical roof by corner pinnacles. 

The Eastern District. 

The eastern district, or the old town of Williamsburgh, has altered little 
except in size since its early days. The Williamsburgh Savings Bank, at 
the corner of Broadway and Driggs, "The Temple," in the district's ver- 
nacular (George B. Post), is a curious specimen of classic art, a rectangular 
structure of granite surmounted by a great metallic dome. The Church of 
the Holy Trinity on Montrose avenue is a good example of German Gothic, 
and was designed by Schickel. The old Bushwick Church (Bushwick ave- 
nue and North Second street) is a country sanctuary of white, spired, 
originally set among lindens and sycamores. The Bushwick Democratic 
Club, at the corner of Bushwick avenue and Hart street, shows a catchy 
exterior of terra cotta brick. 



GOVERN MEJvJT AND PUBLIC WORKS. 



How the Public Aifairs of the City are Conducted — The Various De- 
partments — Water WorkSj Bridges, etc. 



The local government of Brooklyn in its general features resembles 
that of New York. It is a government by bureau, all executive power being 
vested in heads of departments styled commissioners who are appointed by 
the Mayor. The chief difference between the government of New York and 
Brooklyn arises from the fact that boundaries of the city and county of New 
York are the same, permitting of a certain commingling of the powers of the 
county and city officers, whereas, in the case of Brooklyn the city does not 
extend to the limits of Kings county, which contains in addition to the city 
the four towns of Flatbush, Flatlands, Gravesend and New Utrecht. 

The county has its own legislative body called the Board of Supervis- 
ors audits own executive officers and buildings. The Board of Supervisors 
has 34 members, one elected from each of the 28 wards in Brooklyn and 
from each of the four towns, also the Mayor of the city ex-officio and a super- 
visor-at-large elected by the whole county. The term of the supervisor is 
two years aad his salar}^ is $1,000 a year, except in the case of the super- 
yisor-at-large, who receives $5,000 yearly. Sessions of this Board are held 
in the County Court House. Its powers are chiefly legislative, pertain- 
ing to county affairs, and it has the power to borrow money, levy 
taxes, and fix the salary of its officers. The supervisor-at-large is the pre- 
siding officer and possesses the veto power over the acts of the Board. He 
also appoints the Commissioners of Charities and Correction but cannot 
present any motion. The committees of the Board are appointed at the 
beginning of each year by a president pro tempore who is elected by the 
members for the purpose. 

For headquarters the Board has two very handsome buildings — the 
County Court House and the Hall of Records. The chief executive officers 
of the county are the Clerk of the Board of Supervisors, who prepares the 
tax rolls, the Register, Sheriff, Surrogate, County Clerk, County Treasurer , 
Coroners, Auditor, Commissioners of Charities and Correction, Public 
Administrator and District Attorney. 

The Register is elected by the voters of the county every three years 
His office is in the Hall of Records and his duties are to file all records of 
transactions in real property, etc. His compensation comes in the form of 
fees. 

The Sheriff is elected for three years by the county. His office is in 
'„he Court House. He is the chief peace officer of the county and he is 
charged generally with the execution of all court decrees and the supervi- 
sion of the county jail. His compensation comes in the form of fees. 



88 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

The County Clerk is chosen every three years by the citizens of the 
county. His office is in the Hall of Records, and his duties are to keep a 
record of the judgments of all the courts, to keep the calendar of the Su- 
preme Court, etc. In his casQ also the maintenance of his office is provided 
for by fees. 

The County Treasurer is elected for three years and receives a salary 
of $5,000 a year. His office is in the Court House, and his duties are to re- 
ceive, care for and properly disburse the money of the county. 

There are two Coroners who are elected for three years and are paid 
by fees. Their office is in the Court House. 

The County Auditor is elected for three years and is paid $3,000 
a year. His office is in the Court House, and his duties are to pass upon 
the bills presented against the county and to see that they are correct 
and that no expenditure is made without proper authority. 

There are three Commissioners of Charities and Corrections, and 
they are appointed by the supervisor at large to serve four years at an an- 
nual salary of $5,000 each. Under their charge are the hospitals and asy- 
lums at Flatbush, the county farm at Kings Park, and the penitentiary, jail 
and morgue in Brooklyn. A general jurisdiction over the poor of the coun- 
ty is also exercised. The headquarters of the Commissioners are at 29 Elm 
Place 

The Public Administrator is appointed by the County Clerk and Sur- 
rogate for a term of 5 years and is paid by fees. His office is at 191 Monta- 
gue street. He is charged with the care of the property of persons dying 
intestate whose heirs do not immediately claim the property. 

The District Attorney is elected for three years and receives a salary 
of $8,000 per year. His office is in the Court House. « 

The annual revenue of Kings County is about five and a half million 
dollars— the expenditure rather more than this sum and the debt is $5,240,500 

In the government of the city the Common Council has much more 
power than has the City Council of New York. Much of the legislative pow- 
er of which the New York Council has been deprived by the State Legisla- 
ture is still vested m the Council of Brooklyn. This body consists of 19 
members called aldermen, seven of whom are elected by the whole city and 
12 by districts. The city is divided into three such districts, each of which 
elects four aldermen. The aldermen are elected for two years and receive 
a salary of $2,000 per annum. The president of the council is chosen by 
the aldermen from among their own number and the city clerk is appointed 
by them. Their legislative powers covpr the protection of life and property, 
the maintenance of order, the general supervision of the city's finances and 
property, the regulation of nuisances and obnoxious forms of business, 
inarkets, licenses, burial of the dead, franchises of corporations, and other 
matters of strictly municipal concern. The mayor has a power of veto, but 
this may be overridden by a two-thirds majority of the council. 

An important body is the Board of Estimate, which has a mixed juris- 
diction. It is composed of the Mayor, Comptroller, City Auditor, Super- 
visor-at-Large and the County Treasurer, and its duties are to determine 
the amount of money necessary to run the city and county governments 
each year, also to fix the salaries of the heads of departments, of Commis- 
sioners of Excise, and of members of the Board of Assessors. The City 
Council possesses the power of curtailing, but not of increasing the appro- 
priations made by the Board. 



GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS. 89 

The executive officers of the city, with the exception of the Comptroller 
and Auditor, who are elected for two years, are appointed by the Mayor, 
also for two years. They are known as the Treasurer, Collector of Taxes, 
Registrar of Arrears, Corporation Counsel, City Assessors (13 in number), 
Commissioners of Police, Health Commissioner, Fire Commissioner, Com- 
missioner of Buildings, Commissioner of City Works, Commissioner of 
Parks, Commissioners of Elections (4 in number), and Civil Service Commis- 
sioners (5 in number). There are also six Police Justices who are ap- 
pointed by the Mayor, Comptroller and Auditor for a term of four years, 
and three Civil Justices who are elected from their respective districts for 
this purpose. 

The Mayor's powers have practically been stated already. He is ex 
officio a Justice of the Peace, a Supervisor of the County, the responsible 
head of the Bureaucratic Government, and is supposed to exercise a general 
supervision over the Civic Administration. He appoints Brooklyn's half 
of the Brooklyn Bridge Trustees. 

The Board of Education consists of 45 members serving for three 
years and 15 of them retire each year. They are appointed by the Mayor 
and receive no compensation. 

The Revenue of Brooklyn exceeds $10,000,000 a year, and its expendi- 
ture, owing to the construction of permanent public improvements, exceeds 
that sum by several millions yearly. At present the debt of the city is 
about $46,000,000, against which there is a sinking fund of $1,500,000. 

The Courts having jurisdiction in Brooklyn are the United States Cir- 
cuit and District Courts, the Supreme Court, City Court, County Court, 
Surrogate's Court and Justices' Courts. Brooklyn is in the second circuit 
and eastern district of New York. Sessions of the Circuit and District 
Courts are held in the Federal Building. The Supreme Court has general 
jurisdiction over civil matters, and sitting in Oyer and Terminer its judges 
become also the highest criminal magistrates. Brooklyn is part of the 
Second Judicial District of the State. The City Court has concurrent 
jurisdiction in civil suits where one of the parties to an action is a resident 
of the city or was served therein or where the cause of action arose in the 
city. The County Court has civil jurisdiction in cases where the defend- 
ants reside in the county and where the amount of litigation does not ex- 
ceed $1,000. Its Judge and two Justices of the Peace sitting in banc con- 
stitute the Court of Sessions, which has criminal jurisdiction similar to that 
of the Court of Oyer and Terminer. The jurisdiction of the Surrogate is 
limited to the estates of persons who previous to death were residents of 
the county, or who had property in the county but lived outside the 
State. 

Brooklyn Militia constitute almost all of the Second Brigade of the 
National Guard of the State. The only part of this brigade outside of the 
city is the Seventeenth Separate Company, whose quarters are in Flushing. 
Brooklyn's military organizations are the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Twenty- 
third and Forty-seventh regiments of infantry, the Third battery of artillery 
and a Signal Corps. The effective strength of these forces is about 3,000 
men. 

The Police Force is strong, efficient and well equipped; It num- 
bers 1,427 men and uses 19 patrol wagons and a patrol boat for harbor 
use. 

Police Station Houses in Brooklyn are located as follows: 318 and 322 
Adams St., 49 and 51 Fulton St., 17 and 19 Butler St. , S. W. corner De 



90 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Kalb and Classon Aves., N. E. corner Bedford and N. First St.,S. E. corner 
Bushwick Ave. and Stagg St., N. E. corner Manhattan and Greenpoint 
Aves., N. E. coraer Fifth Ave. and Sixteenth St., 495 Gates Ave., N. E. 
corner Sixth Ave. and Bergen St., S. E. corner Hamilton Ave. and Rape- 
lye St., N. W. corner Atlantic and Schenectady Aves., S. E. corner Tomp- 
kins and Vernon Aves., S. W. corner Ralph Ave. and Quincy St., Emmet 
corner Amity St., S. W. corner Lee Ave. and Clymer St., S. W. corner 
Miller and Liberty aves., Fourth Ave. and 43rd St., Humboldt corner Her- 
bert St., 93 Cedar St., S. E. corner Flushing and Clermont Aves., Grand 
Ave. corner Park PL 

The Fire Brigade is about 700 strong, and has 37 engines, two fire 
boats, 24 extension ladder trucks, 41 hose wagons and nine coal wagons. 

Public Works. 

The public works of Brooklyn are necessarily on a vast scale, for the 
city has grown as fast as a lanky boy in his teens whose ankles and wris^-s 
seem perenially outside his trousers and sleeves. An idea of the mxagnitude 
of the work bemg done may be gathered from the following facts: During 
1892, II miles of new sewers w^ere constructed, making the aggregate mile- 
age of the city sewers 426 1-2. In addition 73-4 miles of granite block 
pavement, 8 1-4 miles of Belgian block pavement, i 3-4 miles of asphalt 
pavement and 6 1-4 miles of cobble stone pavement were laid; 333 new gas 
lamps were put up, 83 new electric hghts, and 209 hydrants; while 11 3-8 
miles of new water mains were laid. 

Brooklyn's water supply comes from the interior of the island, about 20 
miles away where the waters of a number of streams and lakes draining an 
area of about 75 square miles are impounded in storage reservoirs and 
pumped thence through a stone aquedu^ct built underground to the city. 
The present daily supply from these works is about £0 million gallons, which 
quantity will be mcreased by new works underway to 105 mihion. Pressure 
is equalized by the Mount Prospect reservoir near Prospect Park, which is 
nearly 200 feet above the tide water, and by a high surface water tower. 

Of all Brooklyn's public works the one most in evidence is the Brooklyn 
Bridge, which was built by the two cities of New York and Brooklyn. It is 
a singularly graceful structure, so beautifully proportioned that its massive 
strength is not all apparent from a general vievr. It is the greatest suspen- 
sion bridge in the world, was 13 years in building and cost upwardsof $15,- 
000,000. It is hung on four cables anchored at either side and passing over 
two lofty granite towers. Each cable is composed of 5,296 parallel galvan- 
ized steel oil-coated wires closely wrapped to a solid cylinder. 11 feet of 
each of these wires weighs one pound. The bridge, from entrance to en- 
trance, is 6,016 feet long, its breadth is 85 feet, and the height of the bridge in the 
centre above high water is 135 feet. The towers rise 272 feet above high 
water and are built on foundations which are 78 and 45 feet respectively be- 
low high water. The bridge carries 2 tracks for cable cars, two driveways 
for teams, and one promenade for foot passengers. About four million pas- 
sengers cross on the cable road each month. The Brookhm entrance to 
the bridge is on Sands street near Fulton, and the New York entrance on 
Park Row opposite the City Hall. The fare on the bridge cable cars is 3 
cents. The promenade for foot passengers is free. 



FINANCE AND TRADE. 



The Independent Business Life of Brooklyn — Shopping and Trade Dis- 
tricts — Markets — Financial Institutions — Manufacturing Interests 
and Localities. 



Brooklyn is fast becoming of great importance as a financial centre. It 
is true its banks clear through the New York Clearing House, either directly 
or through New York banks acting as their agents, but their operations, in- 
stead of being strictly local as formerly, are being extended much beyond 
the limits of Long Island. 

This is especiall}' true of the trust companies which have come into ex- 
istence within a few years, and have added nearly ten millions to Brook- 
lyn's banking capital. There are five national banks in Brooklyn with ag- 
gregate resources of nearly twenty m.illions- sixteen State banks with re- 
sources exceeding twenty millions; fourteen savings banks with resources 
aggregating one hundred and twenty millions, and seven trust companies 
with resources amounting to nearly forty-five millions. Brooklyn is also 
strong in building and loan associations, of which there are twenty-nine 
with a total membership of 13,144, and resources aggregating about five 
millions. There are also four safe deposit companies, four title guarantee 
companies, and five fire insurance companies in Brooklyn. 

Tiie Franklin Trust Company. 

A financial institution whose stock becomes worth $300 within five years 
after its foundation is something of a prodigy, particularly when its gains 
can be said to be due to business skill and judgment rather than to the as- 
sumption of any exceptional risk. This is the record of the Franklin Trust 
Company. It was organized in August, iSSS, with a capital of $500,000 and 
a surplus paid in of $250,000. Subsequently the capital was increased to 
$1,000,000 and the surplus has grown until it now exceeds $750,000. Two 
causes have promoted this exceptional prosperity. A number of the wealth- 
iest business men in Brooklyn are among its directors and stockholders, and 
its chief executive. President George H. Southard, is a man of rare adminis- 
trative ability and exceptional financial acumen. He has also been assisted 
by an exceptionally clever staff. The present officers of the company are 
George H. Southard, President; Wm. H. Wallace, Vice-President ; Jas. R. 
Cowing, 2nd Vice-President and Secretary ; Crowell Hadden, jr.. Assistant 
Secretary ; and Edwin Packard, John Winslow, S. E. Huntington, Darwin 
R. James, John B. Woodward, Alex. E. Orr, Joseph E. Brown, Wm. H. 
Wallace, Franklin E. Taylor, D. H. Houghtaling, Albro J. Newton, Crowell 
Hadden, H. E. Pierrepont, Wm. Marshall, Geo. M. Olcott, Geo. H. 
Southard, Wm. A. Read, Theodore Dreier and Thos. E. Stillman. 



92 



CITIZEN GUIDE. 




FINANCE AND TRADE. 93 

On December 31st, 1892, the books of the company showed its position 
to be as follows : 

ASSETS. LIABILITIES. 

Bonds and Mortgages, §664,500.00 Capital Stock, $1,000,000.00 

U S Gov. Bonds. Market Value, 464,375.00 Siirplus Fund, 732,490.20 

City of Brooklyn Bonds, ( ^17000 no Deposits, 5,465,120.88 

Market Value, j ^i^WO-OO Certified Checks, (outstanding) 24,559.70 

Stocks, Bonds, etc., I j 309 395 OO Interest Accrued 23,685.55 

Market Value, j 1' 1 • 

Bills Purchased, 154,649.90 

Loans on CoUateral, 3,106,876.86 

Cash in Office and Banks, 704,403.26 

Banking House and Lot, 463,919.30 

Vault, Furniture and Fixtures, 25,587.99 

Interest Accrued, 35,249.02 



$7,245,856,33 $7,245,856.33 



The Company's offices are on the main floor of one of the handsomest 
buildings in Brooklyn, erected by the Company for its own use on the cor- 
ner of Montague and Clinton streets. The basement is occupied by the 
Franklin Safe Deposit Company, an institution separately incorporated, but 
having some of the same shareholders as the Franklin Trust Company. 
Its quarters were specially built for the business it transacts, the storage 
of valuables of all kinds and the guarantee of their safety. No more 
secure vaults have ever been constructed. Every convenience is also 
provided for the transaction of business of patrons. 

No office building in Brooklyn has better appointments and arrange- 
ments for the comfort and convenience of its tenants. Among those who have 
offices in the building are The Lawyers' Title Insurance Co. , The Mutual 
Life Insurance Co., The New York Life Insurance Co., The Atlantic 
Avenue Railroad Co., The American Street Railway Association, J. M. & 
A. H. Van Cott, Jno. Winslow, Nelson G. Carman, Jr., W. M. Van Anden, 
Wm. H. Reynolds, Chas. E. Burke, Andrew R. Culver, Melvm Brown and 
others. 

There are few distinctively jobbing houses in Brooklyn, and these are 
mostly in the wholesale grocery and provision lines. On the other hand 
the city is one of the largest manufacturing centres in the country, and 
many of its products are sold directly to the trade without the intervention 
of jobbers. The manufacturing districts of Brooklyn are near the water 
ways for the most part, that is, along Newtown Creek and Canal, the East 
River, the Upper Bay and Gowanus Bay and Canal. In some lines of 
manufacture Brooklyn leads the country, as in the refining of sugar, oil re- 
fining, varnish making, the manufacture of jute fabrics and cordage. _ A 
large part of Brooklyn is also given up to the lumber industry, this city 
being the principal lumber depot for the entire metropolitan district. 
Brooklyn is also the greatest grain depot and the greatest warehousing 
point in America. There are always on storage here about $200,000,000 
worth of goods, and at some seasons as much as $450,000,000 worth. A 
very important industry is the building and repairing of boats and ships 
with its side lines connected with the production of naval stores and sup- 
plies. Iron and brass foundries and machine works are numerous, and the 
manufacture of chemicals is conducted upon a very large scale. The im- 
portance of Brooklyn as a manufacturing centre is rapidly increasing. Ac- 
cording to the census returns the number of manufacturing establishments 
in Brookljm increased 82.14 per cent, between 1880 and 1890, the amount of 



94 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

capital invested was more than doubled, and the number of hands em- 
ployed increased no per cent., while the aggregate of wages paid increased 
nearly 170 per cent. This, notwithstanding that the total increase of the 
city in population in the decade was only 42 per cent. 

In the matter of retail stores Brooklyn possesses establishments that 
are quite as sumptuous as any New York can boast of, and that make quite 
as inviting a display of goods. Indeed, many New Yorkers come over to 
Brooklyn to shop, and probably as many delivery wagons cross over from 
Brooklyn to New York every day as go from New York to Brooklyn. The 
chief shopping districts are on Fulton street and those contiguous to it, 
Broadway, Myrtle avenue, Grand street and Flatbush avenue. 

The American Manufacturing- Company. 

Among the vast yet unobtrusive industries that have their home along 
the Brooklyn water-front, should be mentioned the manufacture of jute 
baggmg — a commodity absolutely necessary in marketing the cotton crop. 
The intimate and universal bearing of this industry upon the com- 
merce of the land may not appear at once to many, but a momicnt's 
reflection will bring to light the astonishing fact that nearly the en- 
tire vegetable products of the world are conveyed from the field to 
the markets in bags or wrappings made from the fibre of the _ jute 
plant. Besides its use in covering raw materials it is emplo3'ed extensively 
in packing and shipping manufactured goods of all descriptions. The 
works of the American Manufacturing Company, at the foot of Noble street, 
near the Twenty-third street ferry landing, are by far the most extensive of 
their kind in the United States, and are devoted almost exclusively to the 
manufacture of jute fabrics for the covering of cotton bales. The demand 
for this article is enormous, and any lack or interruption of the supply re- 
quired for this purpose would very soon cripple the cotton industry of the 
Southern States, and thereby disturb the entire money market, which in this 
country fluctuates to some extent in direct accordance with the success of 
the cotton growing business. 

The works of the American Manufacturing Company occupy the 
block bounded by West, Oak and Noble streets, and cover the adjoining 
docks. They comprise a great suite of buildings equipped with the most 
modern and efficient machinery for the treatment of the jute fibre and the 
manufacture of jute bagging. Some idea of the size of the factory may be 
learned from the following facts: The main building has a length of 225 
feet, a width of 200 feet and a height of about 70 feet. The walls of this 
building are of brick about three feet in thickness. In addition to this there 
are boiler, engine and pump houses, the picker house, five huge storehouses 
and a covered pier, the latter being 40 feet in width by 360 feet in length. 
The equipment consists of carding, spinning and weaving machinery of 
great strength and durability. I'riple expansion engines aggregating 
1,000 horse-power, believed to be the only ones of their type in Brooklyn, 
supply the requisite power. To guard against accidental fires, as well as to 
contribute to the comforts of the employees, the Sturtevant hot air system of 
heating is employed. Light is furnished by upwards of one thousand in- 
candescent lamps and over 20 arc lights, supplied by an electric current gen- 
erated on the premises. Over two -mules of regular fire hose and about 
three miles of smaller hose are kept in constant readiness in case of fire, 
although it is improbable that they will ever be required on account of the 
elaborate system of automatic sprinklers vdth which the entire works are 



FINANCE AND TRADE. 95 

equipped. Any abnormal rise of temperature in any of the buildings is 
sufficient to tlirow into action this net work of sprinklers, and at the same 
time to sound a general alarm by means of a delicate electrical contrivance. 
The loading and unloading of raw material, as well as its transference 
from place to place in the works is eifected by five powerful electric hoists. 
The works have a capacity of 200,000 pounds of jute per day, or about 25,000 
tons per year. The value of this industry to the economic life of Brooklyn is 
indicated by the weekly pay roll, which amounts to from $4,000 to $5,000. 

The American Manufacturing Company enjoys the enviable reputation 
of having practically created this great industry, as it is to their courage 
and energy as well as to the protection afforded by the national tariff that 
its maintenance is due. The margin of profit is so small that any interfer- 
ence with the existing duties on jute bagging would only have the effect of 
closing up this and all other such factories, and throw thousands of skilled 
laborers out of employment, without any material advantage to the cotton 
growers of the South. The expense of running this seemingly simple busi- 
ness is immense. Vast capital is employed in the making of advance pur- 
chases of raw material, an enormous stock of which is constantly carried. 
Bales of raw material may be seen . in the storehouses of the Brooklyn 
mill piled five stories high, and ships are constantly unloading more at the 
dock. Purchases are already being made in East India of the jute for the 
covering of the cotton crop in this country which will be marketed in 1894. 
The quality of jute employed in the American Manufacturing Company's 
works is derived from what is commonly known as "jute butts," or that 
part of the jute plant formerly rejected as useless by European and East 
Indian manufacturers. Very little jute fibre proper is manufactured 
in the United States. Forty per cent, of it is used in Dundee, 
Scotland, twenty-five per cent, in Calcutta, twenty-five per cent, 
on the continent of Europe, and five per cent, elsewhere. The higher 
grades of jute fabrics, although not made to any great extent in the 
United States, are yet widely used by the people of this country in the form 
of coarse dress goods, tapestries, carpets, &c. The manufacture of jute 
bagging from jute butts is almost exclusively confined to the United States, 
foreign competitors being East India (Calcutta), Germany and Scotland. 

Tlie Grand Bazaar. 

This is certainly a period of rapid growths. Great enterprises are formu- 
lated and enter the field of action in a day. Fortunes are acquired with 
such rapidity as to make one almost believe in the story of Aladdin's won- 
derful lamp, and even cities spring up as if by magic. 

Yet we encounter occasional surprises, and one of such is the phenom- 
enal growth and development of the Grand Hazaar, the foremost Dry 
Goods House of the Eastern district of Brooklyn. 

In July, 1885, Elwin S. Piper, the founder and proprietor of the Grand 
Bazaar, then a buyer for the house of Wm. H. Frear, the leading Dry Goods 
firm of Northern New York, was in New York City for his house. During 
his stay the funeral of General Grant took place and all business houses 
were closed that day. After viewing the great procession Mr._ Piper 
decided to devote the remainder of the day in looking over William.s- 
burg, a suburb of New York which he had never visited. In the 
course of his ramble he struck Grand street, which astonished 
him with its throngs of people, and not a single representative Dry 
Goods House. His wonder prompted the question, "Why is not this 



96 



CITIZEN GUIDE. 



the place for a rival to the great Falton street houses?" and the 
sequence was the resolution, "I will start a store on this very street, for 
where the people are is the place for business." 

Mentioning his determination to business men of the vicinity and of 
New York, his judgment was severely questioned and everybody held up 
the picture of speedy disaster before him should he make so rash a move. 
Discouraging prophecies, however, did not deter him, and within a few 
months his determination took substantial form and he was at the head of 
a Dry Goods House at the corner of Grand street and Driggs avenue, es- 
tablished on a scale that was called preposterous, and which he ambitiously- 




named the "Grand Bazaar." This is a brief story of the Bazaar's origin, 
and a visit to this great trading centre for not only the Eastern district but 
also a far reaching territory of the Island, will show you the magnificent 
realization of Mr. Piper's anticipations. 

Putting into use a wide experience, an active mind ever ready to re- 
cognize and shape to his purpose the most practical business methods, 
throwing into his work an energy that drove everything before it, bringing 
to the front a limitless supply of resources, advertising so extensively as t( 
attract the greatest wonder and attention, and always carrying out to th* 
minutest detail the promises of his advertisements, and living up to hit 



FINANCE AND TRADE. 97 

motto, ''Prices and perfect satisfaction guaranteed, goods exchanged or 
money cheerfully refunded," Mr. Piper by his indomitable push and en- 
terprise has built up a mammoth business within the brief span of seven 
years which is the marvel and the admiration of the city. 

The Grand Bazaar now occupies a floor space equal to 26 city lots, and, 
starting with 36 employees, has now upon its pay roll 150 names, which list 
increases to over 200 at holiday seasons. Under one roof and one man- 
agement you find 35 large and completely equipped departments, supplying 
"ever5rthing for everybody," and always at the lowest prices consistent 
with superior qualities of seasonable goods, bought with ready cash. 

Upon entermg the Grand Bazaar, you find at the right hand on the 
mam floor and extending the entire depth of the Grand street building the 
popular Dress Goods department, always filled with the newest seasonable 
fabrics produced at home and abroad, the largest, most complete and best pat- 
ronized in the Eastern district. Occupying the whole centre of the main 
floor, with double counters, are the Ladies' and Gentlemen's Furnishings, 
Hosiery, Underwear, Skirts, Boys' Waists and Parasol and Umbrella stocks. 
The Kid Glove department, the best stocked and largest of its kind in this 
portion of the city, fills a long counter space at the rear, while Jewelry, No- 
tions, Soaps, Perfumes and other toilet articles. Dressmakers' Supplies and 
Ribbons occupy the remaining portion of the main floor of the Grand street 
building. Four steps up from this floor you find the extensive stocks 
of Embroidery and Laces, Fancy Goods, Stamped Linens, Handkerchiefs, 
Ladies' and Children's Neckwear, Silverware and Books, which occupy the 
entire main floor of the Driggs avenue store. 

On the second floor, front, is the Upholstery department, the Mecca of 
all wise housekeepers, and adjoining it the m.ammoth Carpet, Oil Cloth and 
Matting department, furnishing everything needful in the way of floor cov- 
erings at popular prices. Further along you reach the Grand Bazaar's 
fashionable Cloak and Suit department, famous throughout Long Island for 
its choice, select styles and unequaled low prices. Artistic Millinery also 
claims a large share of attention on this floor, and here, too, are Shoes for 
big and little feet. Boys' Clothing, Ladies' Muslin Underwear and Corsets, 
and a complete assortment of wearing apparel for Infants, from tiny bootees 
to a complete, sumptuous outfit. 

The third and fourth floors of both buildings are given up to the store's 
offices, the receiving department and manufacturing departments. 

Descending to the large and perfectly lighted basement salesrooms, you 
first enter the mammoth Housefurnishing department, which fills nearly 
the whole Grand street store basement, and contains everything to delight 
the women folks and make housekeeping the easiest and most pleasurable 
occupation imaginable. In the Driggs avenue basement salesroom the 
Domestic department with its wealth of Table Linens, Towels, Muslins, 
Bedding, etc. , and the Wash Dress Goods department impress you with 
their size, and almost crowd out the White Goods and Lining department, 
which, nevertheless , affords you a most complete range of goods to select from. 

Last but not least is the Mail Order department, an institution that 
carries a big city store and its mammoth stock right to the homes of the 
country people. A lady wishing to buy a dress, or, in fact, any- 
thing desired in the line of Dry Goods, has simply to drop a 
line to the Grand Bazaar, addressing it Grand street and Driggs 
avenue, Brooklyn, and the next mail carries her samples or such 
information as to goods and prices as she desires, which guide 



98 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

her in making selections. Her order, accompanied by money or 
postal note, does the rest, and that, same week she may appear at a party or 
reception decked out in her new finery, arousing the envy of her neighbors. 

This department is well known and freely patronized throughout Long 
Island by people living at a distance so remote as to make a freqaent visit 
to the Grand Bazaar quite impossible. 

The Grani Bazaar makes a great specialty of Holiday Goods in their 
season, and devotes more exclusive attention to this line than any other 
house in the city. A novel Christmas attraction is a real live Santa Claus 
who furnishes a never failing entertainment for the youngsters. 

This famous business house is so situated as to be of easy access to 
Brooklynites as well as the residents of the outlying towns of Long Island. 
The city people reach it from the north or south by way of the Crosstown 
street cars, while those from other parts of the city may take the Grand 
street and Meeker avenue cars, or the line running through South Fourth 
and Meserole streets and crossing Driggs avenue but four blocks from 
Grand street. Newtown and Maspeth people have the benefit of a street 
car line from those villages direct through Grand street. 

People living farther out of town can come from one direction by way 
of Long Island Railroad to Long Island City, from which place take Cross- 
town surface cars to Grand street, thence one block to the Grand Bazaar; 
from another direction by Long Island Railroad to Bushwick station, thence 
by South Fourth and Meserole streets surface line to Driggs avenue, two 
minutes walk from the Bazaar; or still another by Long Island Rail- 
road to East New York, then Broadway Elevated road to Driggs avenue, 
when, leaving the train, go north a short distance to the store. 

The Grand oazaar is conducted upon the broadest gauge liberal bus- 
iness policy and is fully up to the times in every respect; a great popular 
price shopping centre for the people, the "Bon Marche" of the Eastern dis^ 
trict and the largest, liveliest and most progressive seven-years-old Dry 
Goods house in the country, with a past record of unvarying advancement 
which points to a brilliant future of prosperity. 

Mr. Piper is one of the largest advertisers in the city of Brooklyn, fre- 
quently filling a whole newspaper page with his lists of bargains, and dur- 
ing the last holiday season he inserted at one issue five whole pages of ad- 
vertising matter in a Brooklyn newspaper, declaring at the same time that 
his bargain story was not half told. He is also a fertile originator of popu- 
lar advertising schemes, ingenious as they are successful. One of the most 
novel features of Mr. Piper's original methods of advertising is a system of 
Presents to Patrons. With every bill of goods a coupon representing the 
amount of the purchase is given to the customer, who, by saving these 
coupons, can secure a valuable present when a specified amount is reached. 
The list of presents is- as varied as it is attractive, and includes Dictionaries, 
Novels, Books of Poety, Bibles, Prayer Books, articles for household uses, 
Silverware, and many other items valuable, desirable and representative 
of the generous business course pursued by the proprietor of this "Head- 
quarters for Bargains," which stands to-day a monument of well directed 
enterprise, encouraged by the most flattering success and patronized by 
thousands of appreciative people. Daily growing in popularity, solidly es- 
tablished, it is indeed a Grand Bazaar. 

Liivingston's Maininoth Drug Store. 

One of the chief boasts of good Brooklynites is that their city contains 



FINANCE AND TRADE. 99 

the largest drug store in the United States — that of B. H. Livingston at 
273, 275, and 277 Grand St., near Roebling St. It has a frontage of fifty- 
feet and a deptii of 100 feet and is most sumptuously equipped. The busi- 
ness of this house was established in 1848 and has developed steadily to 
its present vast proportions. The policy of the proprietor is to retail drugs 
at wholesale prices, hence the large number of his customers, Eveiybody 
knows that the retailer's margin of profit in drugs is very large as com- 
pared with the retailer's margin in any other line, but this has always been 
defended on the ground that the separate transactions of a druggist with 
his customers are of slight value and the aggregate small while his expenses 
for rent, clerk hire, etc., are large. Mr. Livingston believed that by put- 
ting prices low enough his trade would increase sufficiently in volume to 
warrant the reduction. Experience has proved the soundness of his belief. 
He has even extended his policy to the prescription end of his business 
and fills prescriptions more cheaply than any other druggist in Brooklyn. 
He also fills more of them and employs the largest force of competent reg- 
istered pharmacists in the city. No matter at' what time of the day or 
night a prescription is brought to Livingston's it will be compounded by a 
competent man whose work is carefully checked by another so as to avoid 
all chance of error. All poisons are kept in a separate locked room so there 
is no chance of making a fatal mistake. Owing to the extent of this pre- 
scription trade the drugs used are always fresh and of full efficacy. By a 
system of duplicate numbered checks, one-half of which is given to the 
customer and the other half pasted to the prescription, it is impossible for 
one customer to get another's medicine, no matter how many may be waiting. 
Competent physicians declare that this is the best regulated prescription 
department in the country. 

The Wallabout Market, 

Brooklyn's chief market will soon be the largest in the world, if not al- 
ready the largest, as many assert. Wallabout Market occupies the site of 
the Walloon settlement out of which the present great city grew. Until 
1884 the truck raisers of Long Island sold their produce from the wagons 
on Fulton street near the ferry, greatly blocking up the street and imped- 
ing its traffic. In that year the site now occupied by the market was leased 
from the United States government v/ho held it as a portion of the Navy 
Yard reservation. In 1890 the government sold to the city over seventeen 
acres of this land for $700,000. Last year the city succeeded in purchasing 
over seventy-six acres more from the government for about $1,200,000. 
The market lands are located on both sides of Washington avenue between 
Kent avenue basin and Flushing avenue. As stated in a newspaper article 
published at the time of the last purchase, "the site of the Wallabout Mar- 
ket is almost directly in the centre of the water front of the city, so that it 
is reached with equal facility by the grocers of Greenpoint or the dealers of 
South Brooklyn. The shore line at this point also makes a deep, curve to- 
ward the heart of the city, bringing the market as nearly as possible in the 
centre of population. It is reached by broad avenues of traffic from every 
direction, and so far as its location for the convenience of • all Brooklyn's 
dealers in market produce is concerned it could in no way be improved. A 
canal 150 feet v/ide, 30 feet deep and 1930 feet long will be dug from with- 
in 30 feet of Flushing avenue to the Wallabout Bay. Between the western 
boundary of the new land and the canal a strip 80 feet wide will be left. This 
is to be paved with Belgian blocks, its side Avill be bulkheaded and a mag- 



100 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

nificent roadway for trucking and carting will be formed. Along the Wash- 
ington avenue side of the new purchase there will be a strip about 150 feet 
wide and 1200 feet long reserved for the erection of market buildings. 
From the canal to these buildings there are to be dredged out six or seven 
slips, varying in width from go to 100 feet and having docks varying from 
60 to 90 feet in width and from 200 to 500 feet in length. At the most 
northerly end of the market a slip is to be built designed especially for the 
accommodation of railroad floats and a system of tracks and switches. The 
land which is already in use is to be covered with buildings with the excep- 
tion of a commodious market square in the centre. Altogether this mar- 
ket between the natural water frontage and the projected canal and slips 
will have one and a half miles of dock room. Deep sea vessels from the 
Mediterranean and Southern States will unload their fruit and early vege- 
tables right at the doors of the marketmen, who now have to go to New 
York for their consignments of this sort. Products from the West will re- 
main on the cars till the market is reached, then switched to the doors of the 
consignees." 

At present the market consists of a great open square of 104,000 square 
feet and 114 lots, which have been leased to the marketmen who have erect- 
ed temporary buildings upon them. Th e square and streets between the 
lots are paved, and provided with sewers, gas and water mains, and elec- 
tric lights. For the convenience of the marketmen a bank has been es- 
tablished called the Wallabout Bank, with offices at Myrtle avenue, corner of 
Clinton avenue. This bank has a capital of $100,000, surplus of about $40,- 
000 and total resources of about $560,000. It was established in 1889 and 
has done a flourishing business ever since. The officers are Charles M. 
Englis, president; Alonzo Slote, vice-president, and Joseph B. Pigot, cashier. 

The business of the market has grown enormously. The number of 
farmers' wagons that came to the market in 1884 was 1,007, in 1888 it was 
28,773, and last 3^ear 39,162; the fees received from farmers in 1884 amount- 
ed to $251.75, in 1888 to $7,193.25, and last year to $9,790.50; the lot rentals 
in 1884 aggregated $538.03, in 1888 between $17,000 and $18,000 was re- 
ceived from this source, and a similar amount has been paid in on this 
account every year since. 

Among the principal dealers in and around the market are Messrs. An- 
drew J. & Charles Smith, i, 2, 3 and 38 Wallabout Market and cor. Washing- 
ton and Flushing Aves., commission produce; John H. Hoeft & Sons, Wal- 
labout Market, wholesale grocers; Protzman & Seaton, cor. Flushing and 
East Aves. , wholesale commission dealers in fresh meats; Beers & Resseguie, 
cor. Washington and Flushing Aves, lumber merchants; John H. Kaiser, 
3 Wallabout Market, wholesale dealer in produce and vegetables; Herman 
Link & Sons, 4, 5 and 6 Washington Ave. and 41 and 42 West Ave. , wholesale 
grocers; John H. Krogman, 14 Washington Ave., wholesale provisions; Lues 
& Storman,i8 Washington Ave., cor. Market St., fruit and produce commis- 
sion merchants; Fred. E. Rosebrock, Wallabout Market, jobber and com- 
mission merchant in butter, eggs, cheese and poultry; G. Grabau, 34 Wash- 
ington Ave., wholesale commission merchant in country produce; Fitzgerald 
& Shanks, 20 Wallabout Market, fruit and produce; Wiilf & Ehler, 73 Wal- 
labout Market, wholesale commission dealers in beef, mutton, veal and poul- 
try; Mark Mayer & Co., 71 East Ave., wholesale commission dealers in 
meats; Peter Nieman, 10 Wallabout Market, dairy produce ; George W. Thur- 
ling, 33 Washington Ave., tropical fruits; Lippmann Bros., 12 and 49 Walla- 
bout Market, fruits and produce; Lewis Jurgens, 22 Wallabout Market, dairy 




IX. MYRTLE AVE. FEOM ADAMS TO EfflPGE STS. 



FINE ART FOUNDRY. 




Architect's Designs Executed. 

Ilesigns for special Sfiibjccts. 
(no catalogue.) 

RAT10NAL RiNE 0RT R0UNDRY. 

("EstaTDlislieci ISSS.) 

218 East 25th Street, New York. 

MAURICE J. POWER. 



FINANCE AND TRADE. 101 

products and domestic fruits; C. Van Ronk, 24 Market Square, fruits and 
produce; Tlios. H. Town-icnd, 64 West Ave., fruits and produce; Wittschen 
& Co., 59 West Ave., cor. South St., country produce; Scliroeder Bros., 58 
West Ave., fruits and produce; Z. Brush, 30 Wallabout Market, foreign and 
domestic fruits and produce; Wm. Irvine & Co., 62 and 64 Washington Ave., 
wholesale grocers and dealers in butter, cheese, eggs, etc.; W. F. Shotwell 
& Co., 72 and 74 Washington Ave., commission merchants and dealers in 
hay, grain, feed, flour, etc., also proprietors of the Wallabout stables on 
Washington Ave., between Park and Flushing Aves. ; L. Horstmann, Jr., 23 
Washington Ave., wholesale dealer in Florida and West India fruits; 
Frederick Tieleke, Washington Ave., near Wallabout Bridge, kindhng 
wood; Benson & Gillooly, proprietors of the Fulton Market Restaurant, cor. 
jCast Ave. and Market Square; O. Velle, 320 and 322 Flushing Ave, near 
Classoa Ave., manufacturer of butchers' fixtures and ice houses; Wm. B. A. 
Jurgens, 50 and 52 Washington Ave., wholesale grocer; The H. J. Heintz 
Co., 17 and 19 Waverly Ave., manufacturers of pickles, preserves, vinegar, 
mustard, fruit, bitters, etc.; Beyer and Morgan (Thos. Morgan, prop.), 
Beyer's Elevator, foot Taylor St., Morgan's Elevator, foot East Ave., eleva- 
tors, also dealers in corn, oats, meal and mill feed; Comins & Evans, 231 
Montague St. and 41 and 45 Waverly Ave., roofers; Charles S. Lynan, cor. 
Clinton and Flushing Aves., blue stone flagging and stone trimmings for 
buildings; The Spence-Grant Company, 560 and 562 Kent Ave., paint manu- 
facturers; Barteli& Garms, 18 Wallabout Market, fruit and produce; A. P. 
Quitnby & Co., 82 and 84 Washington Ave., woodenware and grocers' sun- 
dries; Von Glahn Bros., cor. Washington and Park Aves., wholesale 
grocers, importers and commission merchants; The Long Island Poultry Co., 
194 Fort Greene Place and 69 East Ave., poultry and game, and S. S. Long 
& Brother, 77 and 79 Washington Ave. and depot at 82 and 84 Dey St., New 
York City, dairy produce. The house last named does a business of over 
two million dollars a year between its two New York depots and this 
Brooklyn store. 

Fort Greene Place. 

The largest dressed meat market in the Eastern States, and the largest 
in the world outside of Chicago, is the single short street known as Fort 
Greene place, running between Atlantic and DeKalb avenues. The mar- 
ket, however, is practically confined to the block between Hanson Place 
and Fifth avenue. Here almost all the dressed meat that comes from the 
west is delivered. The loaded cars come in over the Long Island Railway 
tracks a id are switched to the doors of the great cold storage warehouses 
locate! here, so that the meat is transferred without being subjected to any 
change in temperature. The firms whose w^arehouses and offices are here are 
known throughout the whole country by the magnitude of their business, as 
will appear upon a brief mention of some of them. S. P. & E. C. Swift are 
receivers and commission merchants in Swift's Chicago dressed beef. Swift 
& Company, at 182 and 184 Fort Greene Place, do one of the largest 
slaughtering and meat packing business in the world. Their capital is 
$15,000,000. In addition to the Chicago business there are a large number 
of branch houses which do business independently, but are owned by the 
Swift Brothers, and are operated under the firm name of S. P. & E. C. 
Swift, with headquarters at 105 Barclay street. New York. Their 
Fort Greene store and warehouse is the most elaborately and expensively^ 
equipped place of its kind in the East. They also control the Fort Greene 



102 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Sheep and Provision Company, receivers and commission merchants in 
Swift's dressed mutton, lamb, veal, pork and provisions. This company also 
has a most elaborately fitte 1 up establishment at 172 Fort Greene Place. 
Other companies controlled by the Swift Brothers are the Williamsburgh 
Beef Company, 100 and 102 North Sixth street, and the Brooklyn Beef 
Company, 74 and 76 Atlantic avenue. 

The Atlantic Beef Company (Limited), are commission dealers in Geo. 
H. Hammond's western dressed beef, mutton, lamb, etc. T. H. Wheeler 
is president of this company, C. M. Wheeler secretary, and W. H. Wheeler 
treasurer. 

Russell Hoey, at 150 and 152 Fort Greene Place, does a most extensive 
wholesale business in poultry, pigs, calves, sheep and lambs. 

The Armour Packing Company deal in Kansas City dressed beef, pork, 
mutton and lamb, smoked meats, bologna sausages etc. Besides their 
place, 201 Fort Greene Place, they have a large market on Thirty-fifth street, 
between Eleventh and Twelfth avenues. New York. 

J. M. P. Scanlanhas a large wholesale market at 169 Fort Greene Place, 
and also operates others at West Washington Market and at 613 to 619 
West Fortieth street. New York. 

The Long Island Poultry Company are extensive dealers in poultry 
and game, at 194 Fort Greene Place and at the Wallabout Market. They 
keep at all times poultry in lots to suit the trade. 

The Schwarzchild & Sulzberger Refrigerating Company have a large 
establishment on the corner of Fifth and Pacific avenues in addition to 
their vast works on First avenue, between Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth 
streets. New York. 

There are several other warehouses at Fort Greene Place almost as 
important as these. Butchers come to this market from all parts of the 
metropolitan district to purchase supplies, and the volume of transactions 
here runs into enormous sums in the course of each year. 



TJHE HARBOf^yVJMD DOCKS. 



Brooklyn's Shipping Interests — Its Great Marine Basins and Dry Docks 
— Its Wharves, Warehouses and Grain Elevators — The United States 
Navy Yard. 



Perhaps the most interesting and from an economical point of view by 
far the most important feature of Brooklyn, as a great commercial city, is 
her extensive and splendidly equipped water front. The accessibility of the 
city by all lines of transportation and the almost unrivalled facilities afford- 
ed by her docks to foreign, and domestic shipping have made the city one 
of the greatest commercial marine depots of the world. Among the cities 
of this country, Brooklyn ranks fourth in population and commerce, a stand- 
ing largely brought about by her position as a great Atlantic port. The water 
approaches to Brooklyn are very naturally the same as those of New York. 
The northern domestic and Canadian shipping enters by the Long Island 
Sound and the East River, while the trans-Atlantic and Southern traffic 
gains access through the Narrows and by New York Harbor. 

A comparison between the commerce of New York and Brooklyn will 
serve to show the relative importance of the two cities as regards shipping 
and allied industries. It has been estimated that the arrivals and depart- 
ures of vessels, both sailing and steam, from the docks of Brooklyn are about 
one and one-quarter times as many as from New York. The receipt and 
distribution of raw sugar and molasses is almost entirely confined to Brook- 
lyn. Save for the petroleum refined in New Jersey, almost the entire re- 
ceipts of the Atlantic sea-board are brought by the Standard Oil Com- 
pany's pipes to the works in Williamsburg and Long Island City. Of the 
cotton business Brooklyn takes one half, and of the grain and general pro- 
vision traffic four times as much as New York. As a rule, the traffic on the 
Brooklyn docks is confined to the handling of raw materials or manufactured 
goods of a voluminous and less destructible character. In general Brooklyn 
may be regarded as the terminus of the great trans- Atlantic, South and 
Central American and domestic freight lines, while the passenger service is 
more particularly confined to New York, Jersey City and Hoboken. Many 
of the Brooklyn lines, however, carry passengers, as will be seen by the 
table of steamships in another part of this book. Articles more valuable in 
proportion to their bulk find their way directly to the wharves of New York, 
being carried thither by the great express steamship lines. The individual- 
ity of Brooklyn's commerce is lost in the transactions of the New York Cus- 
toni House, there being but one institution of this kind for the entire metro- 
politan district; on this account it is difficult to get accurate figures for the 
marine traffic of the city. 

Brooklyn's water frontis, all told, about sixteen miles in length and ex- 
tends from 65th street, on the south, to and around Gowanus Bay, Red Hook 



104 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Point, along Buttermilk Channel and the East River to Wallabout Bay, 
around which the canal of the same name it skirts, and thence runs north- 
ward to Newtown Creek, the southern shore and canals of which it follows to 
JSIetropolitan avenue and Randolph street. The entire distance is lined 
with docks aggregating a wharfage twenty-five miles in length. No docks 
in the country surpass in extent and solidity of construction those of Brook- 
lyn. Private and corporate capital has been invested in them and in the 
warehouses thereon to the amount of about $200,000,000. Besides this a 
vast sum of money has been expended by the United States Government 
upon its Navy Yard and by the city and state authorities upon their docks 
and piers. In the countless warehouses are stored imported goods in bond 
valued at betAveen $200,000,000 and $300,000,000 annually. Flour, grain, 
provisions of all sorts, cotton, raw and refined sugars, molasses, glucose, 
petroleum, and an infinite variety of manufactured material for export or 
domestic consumption, representing a value of about $300,000000, is also 
stored in these warehouses. Extensive yards for the storing of coal, lum- 
ber, bricks, and building materials are scattered along the water front, but 
more especially to the north of Wallabout Bay. These commodities, which 
are frequently covered simply by huge sheds, represent an annual value of 
$50,000,000 to $100,000,000. Along the shores of Newtown Creek, and in 
Greenpoint and Long Island City, are many shipyards, gas works, lumber 
yards and petroleum refineries, the most conspicuous being the latter. 
The largest oil- refinery in the world, the Queen's County Oil Works, 
is located on this creek about one and a half miles from its mouth. Alto- 
gether there are eighteen oil refineries in this vicinity and their annual pro- 
duct is valued at about $20,000,000. On the water front within a block of 
Broadway, to the north, are located the mammoth refineries of the Ameri- 
can Sugar Refining Company, which are the largest works of their kind in 
the world.' They cover the blocks between South First and South Fifth 
streets and occupy a number of squares on the opposite side of Kent 
avenue. Over 2000 tons of melado are refined daily in these works, yield- 
ing 12,000 barrels of different grades of sugar. Contiguous to this refinery 
stands the Brooklyn Cooperage Company's works which manufacture bar- 
rels for the sugar refineries. This establishment covers four city squares, 
is six stories high, and has a capacity of 25,000 barrels per day. It seems 
almost unnecessary to state that it is the largest cooperage in the world. 
Other sugar refineries are the Greenpoint Refinery with a capacity of 7,000 
barrels per day, the Mollenhauer Refinery at the foot of South Eleventh 
street, the most modern refineries in the country and one of the largest 
in the city, and the refinery at the foot of South Ninth and North Second 
streets. Owing to the enormous traffic connected with these refining es- 
tablishments, all the great railway lines having their termini in New York 
and New Jersey maintain large depots along the water front in this 
neighborhood for the delivery and receipt of freight. It has been estimated 
by the Census Bureau that 50 per cent, of the sugar consumed throughout 
the United States is manufactured in Brooklyn. The stranger standing on 
the East River Bridge or any of the ferry boats will not fail to observe the 
lofty and grimy structures of the American Sugar Refining Company, 
which are the most conspicuous objects in this section of Brooklyn. 

The peculiarity of the docking business of Brooklyn is that it is almost 
entirely controlled by New York City, owing to the transference of the water 
privileges of the eastern end of Long Island, by the Dutch charters to 
the citizens of New Amsterdam. These charters were subsequently con- 



THE HARBOR AND DOCKS. 1C5 

firmed by the English Government, and related more especially to the es- 
tablishment and maintenance of ferries at different points along the river. 
The holding of these charters by New York, however, has deprived the 
Brooklyn City Government of a great source of income which would have 
aided very materially in providing funds for the carrying out of many neces- 
sary public works. The Corporation of the City of New York still controls 
the ferry rights between the two cities. About a dozen and a half ferry 
lines ply betAveen different points on the east and west shores of the East 
River, and make every section of Brooklyn most conveniently accessible 
from New York. 

Grain Elevators. 

The most extensive business transacted on and about the Brooklyn 
docks is the shipment of grain. Four-fifths of the cereals received by all the 
Trunk Lines and by the Erie Canal are stored in and reshipped from the 
grain elevators in Brooklyn. The aggregate capacity of these "elevators ex- 
ceeds twenty million bushels, and the transfer capacity over 125,000 bushels 
per hour. These huge structures, with their vast mechanical equipments, 
are mostly confined to the water front south of Brooklyn Bridge, especially 
on the Atlantic and Erie Basins. They loom up like so many landmarks 
and form a very noticeable feature in this part of the harbor. These huge 
elevators, in size and equipment, are by far the greatest in the country, and 
are almost entirely used for the storage of grain intended for transshipment 
abroad, although considerable quantities are withdrawn by the breweries of 
the city. It is a fascinating but an extremely dusty occupation to watch 
one of these elevators while in operation. The grain, after first being trans- 
ferred from the canalboats to the capacious bins of the elevator, is carried 
by a system of broad rubber belts provided with buckets, driven by power- 
ful engines, to every part of the building for storage. When the grain is to 
be shipped, it is brought again by these belts to the conveyor, and is thence 
conducted by a series of pipes to the holds of the vessels. An idea of the 
vast facilities of these elevators may be gained from the fact that from one 
of the largest of them, Dow's, at the foot of Pacific street, four ocean steam- 
ers can be loaded at the same time by means of different chutes at the rate 
of over 32,000 bushels per hour each. Eight ocean steamships could be 
loaded by one of these chutes in twenty -four hours. Besides the elevators 
on Atlantic and Erie Basins, which are the largest in the city, others of 
scarcely less importance are located at the foot of Atlantic avenue. Pacific, 
Degraw, Taylor, Second and Furman streets, and on Gowanus Canal. 

Forming integral parts of the great docking system of Brookljm arc 
several vast basins and districts especially constructed or improved for the 
better accommodation of the shipping of the port. Some of these, notably 
the Atlantic Docks and Basin, and the Erie and Brooklyn Basin, are among 
the wonders of the city, and represent the expenditure of some scores of 
millions of dollars and many years in their construction. Beginning at the 
southern limits of the city, these great docks are as follows : 

Growanus Bay and Canal. 

Ocean steamships, before entering the harbor of the sister cities, pass 
through the lower New York Bay and the Narrows, skirted on one side by 
the Long Island shore and on the other by the shore of Staten Island; on 
either side of this channel stand the chief defences of the Metropolitan dis- 
trict, namely, Forts Hamilton and Lafayette, on the Long Island shore, 



106 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

and Fort Wadsworth, directly opposite, on a promontory on Staten Island, 
After passing this gate of the harbor the first broad indenture of the Long 
Island shore is Gowanus Bay, which is embraced in the water front of the 
City of Brooklyn. The southern shore of this Bay affords docking facilities 
to various South Brooklyn ferry lines, and anchorage for a large number of 
miscellaneous craft. The Bay, towards the north, is continued into what is 
known as Gowanus Canal and branches, a system of waterways which reach 
far into the heart of this section of the city. It is a stench in the nostrils of 
South Brooklyn, and the people have long been endeavoring to have the 
ditch closed. Interference with street traffic is not obviated by a series of 
drawbridges crossing the Canal at various points, 

Gowanus Bay is the veritable home of the canalboat, especially during 
the winter season, when the closing of river navigation prevents their re- 
turn to inland points. Here are huddled together, anchored in rows, or tied 
to the spacious docks at the foot of Hicks and Henry streets, and along the 
sides of the mouth of the Canal hundreds of the turtle-like crafts, painted 
generally in the most grotesquely -glaring colors. ' Closely moored alongside 
each other, they form sort of floating docks, and it is not a difficult task to 
walk from one end to the other of a long row of them. It must not be 
thought that these curious vessels, useless for the purposes of commerce in 
the winter, are then deserted, for, as in summer, they are the abode of a 
large colony of canalboatmen and their families. Children are born and 
live for many years in these floating homes, and all the varied details of 
domestic life are here performed. Family washing, strung on poles from 
the decks, flutters in the breeze in the most fantastic manner. On this boat 
you may find a cradle being rocked in the shade of the cabin, and on the 
next a bevy of children playing as joyously as if on land. The usual family 
pets are not forgotten, for cats and a sort of canalboat species of dog 
abound. The interior arrangements of the cabins vary with the taste and 
frugality of their occupants. Many of these little rooms are veiy comfort- 
able; curtains adorn the small windows, and the w^alls are often hung with 
miniature pictures, while occasionally a bunch of flowers is to be seen. 
Sometimes a parlor organ and a sewing machine find their way into these 
odd aquatic habitations. There was a time, some years since, when canal- 
boatmen belonged to the noisy and truculent class who made their homes 
dens of brawling and drunkenness. Fighting was the order of the night, 
and some sorry tragedies were of too frequent occurrence. Quiet and ele- 
vating influences have somehow been at work among these people, so that 
now their existence possesses little of its former terror, and is on the whole 
quite uneventful. The sight of this floating city after dark is weird in the 
extreme, as the boats rise and fall on the swell, and the lanterns swing to 
and fro to the harsh music of chafing timbers and creaking cables. 

On the west side of Gowanus Bay, at the entrance to the canal, are the ex- 
tensive docks forming the continuation of Court, Clinton, Henry and Hicks 
streets. At the foot of Court and Clinton streets are the great ship yards cf 
C. & I. Poillon, in which are built a large number of pilot boats, yachts and 
sailing craft of like dimensions. Here also are the marine railways of 
Downing & Lawrence, by which ships are drawn out of the water on sliding 
ways by means of very powerful engines. On the eastern shore of Gowanus 
Bay are several dry docks of the balance type, in which, when the water is 
pumped out, the vessels are raised bodily several feet above the flooring. 
Here are located the docks of the New York Yacht Club and some of the 
finest members of its fleet are often to be seen in them awaiting or under- 




S'FECT PARK. 



PIJBIilSHERS. 



"As a compendium of Information about Brooklyn and 

Long Island IT HAS NO KW IKL:*-^^^^ Norwich Enterprise. 

© © ♦ ^" © f) © 

The 

Brooklyn Citizen j 

Alman ac, 

400 PAGES OF INFORMATION^ 

Aliont BrooHyn, Its PeoDle, Its Institutions an4 its Island Neisliliors, 



• •••-^•eo« 



A compact marvel, Indispensable to everybody who is in any way 

concerned in the life and business of 

BROOKLYN, KINGS, QUEENS and SUFFOLK. 

WITH TIDE-TABLES FOR 14 POINTS ON THE ISLAN0. 

O • • >f' • • • 

How our Island Contemporaries complimented the Citizen's Almanac: 



The Brooklyn Times. — It is replete 
with information of the utmost value to 
every citizen. 

The Riverhead News.— It is just 
such a book as one needs on the desk 
within easy reach. 

The Bay Shore Journal. — A most 
comprehensive work, giving fiist in 
value in its publication a high-tide table 
for every day in the year and enumerat- 
ing Babylon, Canarsie, Rockaway In^et, 
Sag Harbor, and Southold, for I >cal 
time, with Sandy Hook and Hell Gate. 

The Shelter Island Tribune.— It 

contains a wealth of statistics and gener- 
al intelligtjnce. 

The Hempstead Inquirer. — Almost 
anything relatin*? to the events of the 
past year can be rwmd within its pages. 



The East Norwich Enterprise. — 

No household should long remain unpro- 
vided with a copy. 

The Sag Harbor Express. — It is a 

finely gotten up work. 

Southampton Times.— A very valu 
able book of reference. 

The Babylon Signal— There is seem- 
ingly no question that can arise that can- 
not be settled by reference to this com- 
plete and handsome year book. 

The Huntington Long Islander.— 

We recommend it to all our readers as a 
good guide to Long Island statistics. 

Hempstead Sentinel.— "The Citi- 
zen " Almanac is as brimful of every day 
information as could be crowded into it? 
pages. 



THE HARBOR AND DOCKS. 107 

going repairs. Tebo's and Manning's dock yards are at the foot of 26th and 
28t'h streets respectively. The Atlantic Yacht Club has its extensive basin 
and docks about a mile and a half further down the shore at the foot of 55th 
street. The west side of Gowanus Bay is conveniently reached by the Van 
Brunt Street and Cross Town surface lines, and the docks on the east side 
by the Third Avenue and Court Street lines. 

The Erie and Brooklyn Basins. 

Passing along the west shore of this bay one comes to the Erie and 
Brooklyn Basins — vast enclosed docks bounded by Hicks Street slip on the 
east and Van Brunt Street dock on the west. These docks, though collec- 
tively known as the Erie Basin, are managed by different corporations. The 
Erie Basin, one of the largest enclosed marine depots in the country, was 
conceived about the middle of this century by Col. Richards and designed 
and built by Jeremiah P. Robinson. When the enterprise was started 
much of this territory was under water at high tide and the most of the re- 
mainder was inhabited bj^- squatters who were driven off as the work of ex- 
cavation and spile driving progressed. The foundations of these immense 
docks are laid on spiles 25 feet in length, driven level with the surface and 
bedded with concrete. On this solid foundation were reared the massive 
revetement walls of granite which surround the whole basin. The area of 
the basins is about 100 acres. The granite crib work is filled with exca- 
vated earth and broken stone and forms one of the most stable wharf struc- 
tures in the world. The walls and piers encircling the basin are of enor- 
mous size. The principal one, which is the continuation of Columbia 
street, extends from Elizabeth street to the southern limits of the basin and 
thence runs southward and northwestward to the entrance, an entire length 
of about 2,700 feet. The width of this dock is 500 feet, and upon it stands 
a great row of warehouses occupied chiefly as the Robinson stores and 
grain elevators. The basin generally contains upwards of a score of ves- 
sels from all nations discharging and receiving cargos. On the north side 
of the basin are about a dozen slips, three of which are owned by the 
Anglo-American Dock Company, and used as dry docks for the repair of the 
great ocean steamships. These immense structures will well repay the 
visitor for any time he may spend in viewing them, while they are perform- 
ing a hospital service to one of the great trans-Atlantic steamships. They 
were built in 1866 by a syndicate of Boston contractors and are the greatest 
in the United States. The largest is No. 2, which is 610 feet long, 124 feet 
wide at the top and 60 feet wide at the bottom. The dimensions of No. i 
are, length 510 feet, width at the top 112 feet, width at the bottom 50 feet. 
The entrances to the Dry Docks are closed by vast caissons which fit so per- 
fectly as to make the chambers almost water tight. After the steamship 
has been floated into the dock and the caissons closed the water is drawn 
from the chamber by a powerful centrifugal pump connected with a pipe 
four feet in diameter. By means of this pumping apparatus, but two hours 
are required to exhaust the larger basin, and one and one-half hours the 
smaller. Number 2 dock is capable of holding the largest vessel afloat. 
Nearly all the great steamships arriving in New York and needing repairs 
are docked here. After their collision in the Spring of '87 the White Star 
liners Celtic and Britannic were taken here to be overhauled. The com- 
peting yachts Volunteer and Thistle in the last International Race for 
the America's Cup received here their final polishings and examinations. 
Other docks in the Erie Basin are: Crane's Dock, situated at the Erie 



108 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Breakwater and used for the construction of railroad transfjortation 
barges; Gokey's and Hilton's Docks, where sailing vessels are laid up for 
repairs. The north side of the basin also contains two dry docks belonging 
to Messrs. Wm. Cramp and Sons. There are other docks here also used for 
shipbuilding or repairs above the water line. The Erie Basin is most con- 
viently reached by the Van Brunt Street line of horse cars from Hamilton 
Ferry or by the Furman Street line from Fulton Ferry. Leaving these 
basins, and continuing along the shore line for about a mile one reaches 
the spacious entrance of 

The Atlantic Basin and Docks. 

This magnificent marine enclosure lies directly opposite Governor's 
Island on Buttermilk Channel, by which it is approached on the water side. 
Its land boundaries are Hamilton avenue, Imlay and King streets. The 
Basin is almost a parallelogram in form and covers an area of 40 acres 
of water surface. Beyond all comparison this basin, with its surrounding 
docks, is in the solidity of its construction and the completeness of its ar- 
rangement the finest in the Western Hemisphere. It was projected as 
early as 1839 by Col. Daniel Richards, by whom the first surveys and 
soundings were then made. In 1840 the Atlantic Dock Company, with a 
capital of $1,000,000, was incorporated, and the work of excavation and con- 
struction began in the summer of the following year. In viewing the enor- 
mous traffic of this marine market to-day it is almost impossible to realize 
that it was once a swampy marsh without sufficient water on its surface to 
be navigable anywhere for anything but the very smallest boats. Yet such 
it was before the work of reclamation and improvement was begun. The 
ebbying tide was wont to leave great stretches of the morass uncovered and 
the air of the neighborhood was in consequence polluted with the odor of 
the decaying vegetation. The more elevated portions of the ground were 
occupied by squatters, who formed a sort of littoral colony extending south- 
ward to Gowanus Bay. After five years of effort on the part of Col. Rich- 
ards the work was undertaken and carried forward to completion by the 
now venerable James S. T. Stranahan who, although an octogenarian, still 
manages the business of this vast enterprise. The first warehouse was 
erected in 1844 and the first steam grain elevator in 1847. The docks are 
built upon spiles each about 25 feet in length, driven level with the 
original surface of the ground and imbedded in concrete. The dock walls 
are constructed of high granite blocks. The docks surrounding the basin 
are covered with bnck and granite warehouses from three to five stories in 
height and about 100 feet deep and aggregating a ground area of about 20 
acres. The basin contains four great piers, each about 80 feet in width 
and from 700 to 900 feet in length. Of these three are entirely covered in 
by huge storehouses. Wharf room is provided for 150 large sized vessels 
at once. The frontage line of the piers and basin measures about three 
miles in length. At low tide the water in the basin has a depth of 20 feet, 
making it possible for the greatest ocean steamers to load and unload here 
without danger of grounding. The entrance is 200 feet in width and is not 
closed by either gate or caisson as are the docks on the Mersey and Tharnes, 
it being possible for vessels to enter or leave the basin at the lowest tide. 
This is a unique and time saving advantage of this dock over the European 
ones. Seven of the largest grain elevators in Brooklyn are located on At- 
lantic Basin and all but one of them, Pinto's, are controlled by the New 
York Grain Warehousing Company. The gross capacity of these elevators 



THE HARBOR AND DOCKS. 109 

is between seven million and eight million bushels, making this the greatest 
single grain depot in the world. The principal regular steamship lines 
which have their docks in the Atlantic Basin are: Barber and Co., the 
White Cross Line, the Bordeaux, the Union Line, the Azores and Lisbon 
hues, Compagnie Nationale de Navigation a Vapeur (Marseilles Line), the 
Portugese Line, New York and Porto Rico Line, and the Atlantic and Pacific 
Line. A comprehensive view of Atlantic Docks will be found on page 3 which 
will give a clear idea of the location of the various wharves and warehouses. 
In addition to the regular lines of steamships hundreds of others belonging to 
the irregular or tramp class unload and receive their cargoes at these docks. 
Scores of canal boats are always to be found in the neighborhood of the 
grain elevators being lightened of their burdens. The continuous moving 
of shipping in and out of the basin and the bustling and puffing of a dozen 
saucy little tug boats give the scene a busy and very interesting aspect. No 
stranger to Brooklyn should leave the city without first visiting these docks, 
which may be easily reached by the Hamilton avenue and Van Brunt street 
car fines, and by the Third and Atlantic avenue lines and their connections 
as well as by several other routes. 

Continuing northward along the East River past the Brooklyn Bridge 
and very many great docks piled with immense warehouses and crowded 
with shipping, the next wide indenture of Brooklyn's water front is reached, 
namely, Wallabout Bay, which embraces Wallabout Basin and Canal on 
the north side and the United States Navy Yard on the south and east. 

Wallabout Basin and Canal. 

Wallabout Basin, an extensive and valuable marine enclosure about 
70 acres in area facing East River, was originally an unproductive salt 
marsh reclaimed from the shores of the shallow and muddy bay of the same 
name. The wharfage aggregates nearly a mile in length and embraces 
three piers and seven wharves. In addition there is in connection with it 
the Kent avenue or Wallabout Canal, extending from Taylor to Hewes 
street, a distance of about a quarter of a mile, affording 2,600 feet more of 
wharfage. Since the construction of this basin, the lowlands in the vicinity 
have been filled in and systematically improved and are covered with im- 
mense warehouses and manufactories which use the neighboring docks for 
the shipment of their products and receipt of raw material. The water in 
Wallabout Basin is 1 5 feet deep at low tide. Docking facilities are there 
afforded to a large fleet of steam and sailing vessels engaged in the domes- 
tic coastwise and Canadian trade. Perhaps the largest traffic carried on in 
this vicinity is the lumber business. Here among others are situated the 
immense lumber yards of Cross, Austin & Company, said to be the largest 
in the United States. The book factory of the Appleton Publishing Com- 
pany, the Royal Baking Powder factory, several large stone works, many iron 
foundries, and other important manufactories are located in the immediate 
neighborhood of the Wallabout Basin. The docks are most conveniently 
reached by the Greenpoint, Crosstown and Flushing Ave. lines and their 
connections. By far the largest portion of the shore of Wallabout _ Bay, as 
well as the entire island which stands in the middle of it, is occupied by the 
United States Government as a Navy Yard and marine hospital. 

The United States Navy Yard. 

The N. S. Navy Yard, located on the southern and eastern shores of 
WaUabout Bay, is owned and controlled by the Federal Government, and 



110 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

although in this sense not a Brooklyn institution, it is nevertheless one of 
the most important as well as most interesting features of the city. It is the 
chief naval depot of the country, and was during the whole period of the 
late Civil War one ot the busiest centres on the Atlantic seaboard. It was 
here that numerous war vessels were built and commissioned for service in 
the memorable struggle ; and it was in the immense dry docks of this yard 
that they were often brought back for repairs. The scenes in and about 
the yard at the time were of unceasing activity and the domestic commerce 
of Brooklyn thrived to an abnormal degree, owing to the great andconstant 
demand for supplies of all kinds, both for the construction and equipment 
of vessels and the provisioning of their crews. The merchantmen of many 
of the nations at peace with the United States were granted the use of the 
drydocks of this yard, then the largest in the country, for the making of 
necessary repairs. The reservation covers an area of about 144 acres, the 
Navy Yard proper embracing 45 acres enclosed by a high brick wall. Along 
the western line is more than a mile of splendid wharfage used for the 
mooring and loading of the national cruisers and transports. Perhaps the 
most attractive feature of the yard is the immense dry dock which cost 
about $2,000,000 to construct and is one of the finest and strongest of its 
kind in the United States. It is built entirely of granite, and the dimen- 
sions of the main chamber are: Length at top 307 feet; width 98 feet; 
length at the bottom 286 feet; width 35 feet; depth 36 feet. The chamber 
is closed with a water tight caisson, and when a vessel has been docked the 
water is pumped out by powerful hydraulic engines in four or five hours, 
leaving the enclosure dry. Another dry dock somewhat similar in its con- 
struction, but for the accommodation of warships of the largest size, is in pro- 
cess of building here. It will be about 465 feet long and 2io_^ feet wide 
at the top. 

The main entrance to the Navy Yard is at Navy and York streets, and 
is reached most conveniently by the Flushing avenue surface line and its 
connections. Visitors are admitted between the hours of 8 A. M. and 5 P. 
M. on Tuesdays and Saturdays without passes, and upon other days, excep- 
ting Sundays, by permits issued by the gate keeper. Strangers are not 
permitted to board any vessel in' commission, or to enter any building ex- 
cept the offices of the Commandant, or to visit the Cob Dock and the receiv- 
ing ship Vermont. To view these and other points of interest, special passes 
are required, procurable at the office of the captain of the yard in the 
Lyceum Building. The road leading from the main entrance to the water 
front is called Main street. The grounds are regularly laid out in paved 
streets, the location and names of which, as well as all the principal points 
of interest in the yard, will be seen on the bird's-eye- view at page 150. 

The extensive marine barracks connected with the service stand to the 
southeast of the Navy Yard. Still further to the east and on the opposite side 
of Washington avenue is the United States Naval Hospital, a very handsome 
and imposing structure surrounded by 20 acres of ground. In this insti- 
tution over 500 patients may be cared for at one time. During the time of 
the Civil War its capacity was often taxed to the utmost. Separated from 
the Navy Yard proper by Wallabout Channel is a low island which has a 
circuit of 5,000 feet, and an area of 19 acres, and contains the extensive en- 
closures of the Cob Dock and Whitney Basin. On it are the residences ot 
the officers in charge of the receiving ship Vermont anchored in the Basin. 
Communication is had with the Navy Yard proper by a steam launch. 
This island forms a sort of breakwater and defence of the main works and 



THE HARBOR AND DOCKS. Ill 

buildings of the yard. At anchorage in the channel or moored to the 
wharves of the Navy Yard may be found at almost all seasons of the year 
one or more of the splendid warships of the United States Navy. Person;; 
desiring to visit these vessels are permitted to do so on procuring a pass as 
stated above, and are provided with an escort. When not at anchor in the 
waters of the Navy Yard the cruisers sometimes lay in the cove opposite 
the foot of East 26th street on the New York side of the East River, where 
they may be reached by row boats from any of the neighboring docks. The 
yard is under the superintendence of a Commodore of the U. S. Navy. The 
departments of the yard are : Yards and Docks, Navigation, Ordnance, 
Construction, Steam and Electrical Engineering, Marine, Medical, Pro- 
visions and Clothing. Although the number of men employed in the Navy 
Yard varies with the extent of the operations carried on there, the average 
is about 2,000. This last fact is an evidence of how important a factor this 
institution is in the economic life of Brooklyn. 

The last new ship launched here was the Cincinnati, in November, 1892. 
Here the monitors TeiTor and Puritan are being built. The former is a 
double turret ship, and the latter a vessel of the Barbette^ type for coast de- 
fence. 

C on tinning along the shore of East River north of Wallabout Bay one 
passes a great series of docks, a great number of which are used for the 
storage and transshipment of lumber, and comes finally to one of the most 
extensive and useful waterways of Brooklyn or Long Island City, namely, 

Kewtown Creek. 

Newtown Creek is a natural waterway running inland about 3 miles 
and provided at several points with canal extensions which greatly increase 
its docking and warehouse facilities. Along the whole line of this creek, 
both on the Brooklyn and on the Long Island City side, are situated lum- 
ber yards, ship yards, coal yards, oil, paint and varnish works, iron foun- 
dries, machine shops, petroleum refineries, and an endless variety of fac- 
tories, whose annual product is valued at scores of millions of dollars. This 
creek, though not picturesque or at all inviting from an artistic point of 
view, is nevertheless one of the greatest sources of Brooklyn's wealth and 
prominence as a great industrial centre. It is destined to become, when 
the talked-of improvements have been effected, one of the finest as it now is 
one of the busiest and most important docking centres on the Atlantic. 



JVIEjANS OF eOMMUNie/cTION. 



The Post Office — Telephone Service — Telegraph Service — Messenger 

Service. 



The Brooklyn General Post Office occupies, together with the Federal 
Courts, the imposing granite building at the corner of Washington and 
Johnson streets, a location most convenient to the largest business establish- 
ments in the city. The building is a three-story and basement edifice 
with Mansard roof. In the centre of the main facade, which extends 236 
feet along Johnson street, is the chief entrance to the building — an arched 
doorway flanked by turrets, opening into a spacious lobby, the walls of 
which are of granite and the ceiling of beautifully polished Tennessee mar- 
ble, with settings of black marble. On Washington street the building 
extends 135 feet and is approached through three doorways. The south- 
western corner is embellished by a square tower six stories high. The in- 
terior of the building is quite elaborately finished. The woodwork is of 
mahogany, very artistically carved and panelled. The corridors, which 
extend around three sides of the main floor, are tiled with black and white 
marble. The wainscoting is of chocolate-colored Tennessee marble, sup- 
porting a cap and resting upon a base of black marble. On the second 
and third floors, galleries supported upon iron columns extend around the 
central court, These galleries open into the executive offices of the Post 
Office and the Federal Court rooms by which the upper stories of the building 
are occupied. The cost of the building and site was about $1,650,000. 

A few figures for 1892 will give an idea of the magnitude of the busi- 
ness transacted at the Brooklyn Post Office. Receipts from sale of stamps, 
$876,859; expenditure, $601,993; profits, $274,865. The money order busi- 
ness amounted to $2,079, 117. The total number of pieces of mail matter 
handled was 235,295,841. 

The offices and delivery windows of the General Post Office are located 
aa follows: 

Entrance, or main floor: 

General Information Bureau, in charge of the chief clerk, at the comer of Johnson 
and Adams streets. Open daily from 7 A.M. to 7PM.; Sundays trom 9.30 A.M. to 
10:30 A. M. 

General Delivery, (PosteRestante) windows, in the Johnson street corridor, open 
daily from 7 A. M. to 9 P. M. ; Sundays from 9:30 A. M. to 1U:30 A. M. 

l^osTAGR Stamp-s, &c. , for sale at retail, from three windows in the Washington street 
corridor; windows open from 7 A M. to 7 P. M. ; Sundays from 9:30 A. M. to 9 P. M. 

Postage Stamps, &.'., at wholesale from first wmdow in Johnson sti-eet corridor; open 
daily from 7 A. M. to 7 P. M. 

Superintendent of Mails, first wicket in Washington street corridor. 

Carrikrs' Window, in Johnson street corridor. 

Registry Department, at the end of Johnson street corridor; open daily, Sundays ex- 
cepted, from 8 A. M. to G P. M. 



MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. 113 

Second floor: 

Postmaster's Office, open week days from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. Assistant Postmast- 
er's Office open week days from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. 

Cishirr's Office, open week days from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. 

Money Order Department, open week days only from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. 

Registered Letters and Parcels Department, open week days only from 8 A. M to 
G P. M. 

Inquiry Office for Missing Letters, &c., open week days only from 8 A. M. to 6 P. H. 

Besides the General Post Office there are six branch post offices, each 
in charge of a superintendent, and ten sub-stations, for the convenience of 
business houses and residents of sections of the city remote from the cen- 
tral office, and to facilitate the collection and distribution of mails. 

At the branch Post Offices Domestic and International Money Orders 
and Postal Notes are issued and paid, postage stamps, &c. , sold, and reg- 
istry and other postal business transacted. The hours are as follows; 
For sale of stamps, &c., daily from 7 A. M. to 9 P. M.; Sundays, from 10 
A. M. to II A. M, For registry and money order business, from 8 A. 
M. to 6 P. M. week days only. The branches are indicated by letters of 
the alphabet and are located as follows: 

P. O. Station B— No. 1,263 and 1,268 Fulton street. 
E — " 2,f)48 Atlantic avenue. 
G — " 113 Greenpoint avenue. 
S— " Broadway, corner Willoughby avenue. 
V— " 529 Fifth avenue. 
W— " Bedford avenue, comer S. Fifth street. 

The Sub-Stations, also designated by letters, are located within the 
carrier districts of the branch offices and are not delivery stations. They 
are sub-post offices for registry, domestic money order and postal note 
business, for the sale of postage stamps and other postal supplies, for 
weighing and rating of mail matter, and for accepting mail matter too large 
for street letter boxes. Being located in stores, they are subject to the 
business hours of the owner, except that the money order and registry bus- 
iness closes at 6 P. M. 

The Sub-stations are located as follows : 

Station A— Pharmacy, comer Henry and President streets. 

Station C— Pharmacy, 838 Fulton street. 

Station D— Pharmacy, 689 De Kalb avenue. 

Station F — Railroad Ticket Office, 596 Atlantic avenue. 

Station H— Pharmacy, comer Rockaway avenue and Fulton street. 

Station J— Pharmacy, 586 Myrtle avenue. 

Station K— Pharmacy, 1,587 Broadway. 

Station M— Pharmacy, 518 Grand street. 

Station R— Pharmacy, 302 Van Brunt street. 

Station X -Pharmacy, 1,02? Third avenue, bet. Fortieth and'Forty -first street. 

There are in addition to the above, 120 licensed agencies for the sale 
of postage stamps, postal cards, &c., scattered throughout the city. 

Newspaper and Package Boxes for the receipt of mail matter too bulky 
for the ordinary drop letter boxes have been, placed at the following points. 
The contents of these boxes are collected twice daily, Sundays excepted : 

Atlantic avenue, cors. Smith Clinton and Bushwick avenue and Grand street. 

Henry sts. ; Alabama avenue, Columbia Carlton and Lafayette avenues. 

St. and Van Sicklen avenue. Court, comer Degraw St., Second Place, and 
Bedford avenue, cors. Taylor, Penn, Madison, Warren st. 

Hancock sts.. Myrtle avenue, De Kalb Closson, corner Myrtle ave., De Kalb ave. 

avenue, and Bergen street and Fulton st. 

Berkeley Place and Seventh avenue. Clermont and Myrtle aves. 

Broadway and Driggs street, Flushing avenue, Concord and Bridge sts. 

Park avenue, Halsey, Kosciusko, Hooper, Chnton and Baltic sts. 

Whipple, Lynch sts. and Wythe avenue. Central ave., cor. Cedar st., and Palmetto st. 



114 



CITIZEN GUIDE. 



Cumberland st. and Greene ave. 

De Kalb ave., cor. Clermont ave., and Sum- 
ner ave. 

Eversrreen avenue and Himrod st. 

Fulton, comers Hoyt St., Rockaway ave., 
Chnton, Henry, Gold sts., Patchen, Frank- 
lin, Ralph ave.. St. Felix st., Gallatin 
Place, St. James Place, Verona Place, 
Adelphl St. and Sumner ave. 

Fifth ave., cor. Carroll st., Srirline: Place, 
Third st.. Seventeenth, Twenty-first, and 
Ninth sts. 

Fourth ave and Ninth st. 

First Place and Court st. 

Flatbush and St. Mark's aves. 

Franklin and De Kalb aves. 

Grand, cor. St. Mark's ave., Wythe ave., Roeb- 
ling St., and Ewen st. 

Gates, cor. Nostrand ave., Classon ave., 
Broadway, Myrtle ave. and Lewis st. 

Graham ave. and Ainslie st. 

Garfield Place and Seventh ave. 

Green, cor Bedford and Classon aves. 

Hancock and Throop ave. 

Humbolt and Frost sts. 

Hamilton ave. and Presi'dent st. 

Kent avenue and South Eighth st. 

Livingston and Court st. 

Lorimer and North Second st. 

Lewis ave. and Macon st. 

Lee ave , cor. Division ave.. Rutledge si., l^a- 
fayetteave, Stuyvesant st., Grand and 
Siunner ave 

Loeser's Dry Goods House. 

Myrtle ave., cor. Tompkins ave., Kent ave., 
Cumberland St., Nostrand ave., Duffleld 
street, AdelpM street, Clinton avenue and 
Jefferson street. 



Marcy avenue, cor. Hewes and Halsey sts. 

Montague and Hicks sts. 

Manhattan and Meserole aves. 

Naval Hospital. 

Orange and Henry sts. 

Putnam and Tompkins aves. 

President, cors. Coiu"t st., Plenrj^ st., and 
iSeventh ave. 

Prospect Place and Nostrand ave. 

Putnam and Grand aves. 

Park and North Portland ave. 

Reed avenue, cor. Macon, Hancock, and 
Decatur streets, and Gates ave. 

Ralph ave. and Broadway. 

Sumner avenue, corner 3lyrtle avenue, Pla- 
con and Quincy streets. 

Seventh avenue, corner Seventh. Fourth, 
Tenth, Eighteenth sts., Flatbush j'.ve. 

Sixth ave., Flatbush ave. and Union st. 

Sackett and Columbia sts. 

Smith and Bergen sts. 

Sonth Second and Hooper sts. 

Stuyvesant ave,, Halsey and Quincy sts. 

Sands and Jay sts. 

Tompkins ave., cor. Pulaski, Fidton and 
Hancock sts., Greene, Gates ave., and 
EUery st. 

Third ave., cor. Sixteenth, Fortieth. Thirty- 
ninth, Twenty-secor.d, Seventeenth, 
Nineteenth and Fifty -fifth sts. 

Utica ave . and Bergen st. 

Vanderbilt ave. and Dean st. 

Van Brunt and Tremont sts. 

^Veschlerand Abraham. 

Washington, cor. Myrtle ave. 

Warren and Hicks sts. 



Wythe ave. and Clymer st, 
York and Navy sts. 

Scattered about the city, attached to lampposts, in all the leading hotels 
and public buildings, are drop letter boxes for the receipt of ordinary mail 
matter, which is collected at intervals ranging from thirty minutes to an 
hour in the more frequented parts of the city, and somewhat less frequently 
in the residential quarters. A tablet on the face of each box indicates the 
hours at which collections and distribution should be made in the special 
district. 

Reg^isteretl Mail. 

Any article of the first, third or fourth-class mail matter may be regis- 
tered. The fee on registered matter, domestic or foreign, is eight cents for 
each letter or parcel, to be affixed in stamps, in addition to the postage. 
Full prepayment of postage and fee is required. Every letter presented 
for registration must first be fully and legibly addressed, and securely 
sealed by the sender, and all letters and other articles must also have the 
name and address of the sender indorsed thereon in writing or print before 
they can be registered. 

Postmasters and their employees are forbidden to address a registered 
letter or a package for the sender, to place contents therein, or to seal it, or 
to affix the stamps thereto ; this must in all cases be done by the sender. 

Registered mail matter can only be delivered to the addressees in per- 
son, or on their written order. All persons calling* for registered matter 
should be prepared to furnish reasonable proof of their identity, as it is im- 
possible otherwise at large post-offices to guard against fraud. A receipt 



MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. 115 

signed by addressee and showing delivery is returned to the sender of each 
domestic registered letter or parcel, for which service there is no extra 
charge. The sender of registered letter or parcel addressed to any country 
in the Universal Postal Union may, by writing on the face of the letter or 
parcel "Return Receipt Demanded," have a written receipt sent back from 
post office of delivery. 

Letters or packages containing money or articles of value should be 
registered, and never deposited for transmission in ordinary mail. 

Mail matter can be registered at the General Post-Office and all stations 
and sub-stations, between the hours of 8 A. M. and 6 P. M. daily, except 
Sundays and Legal Holidays.- 

Money Order System. 

The money order system is intended to promote public convenience, 
and to secure safety in the transfer through the mails of small sums of 
money. The principal means employed to attain safety consist in leaving 
out of the order the name of the person for whom the money is intended. 
In this respect, a money order differs from an ordinary bank draft or check. 
An advice or notification containing full particulars of the order is trans- 
mitted without delay by the issuing postmaster to the postmaster at the 
office of payment. The latter is thus furnished, before the letter itself is 
presented, with information which will enable him to prevent its payment 
to any person not entitled thereto, provided the remitter complies wnth the 
regulations of the Department, which prohibits him from sending the same 
information in a letter enclosed with his order. 

Particulars Required. — The applicant must, in all cases, write his own 
given name and surname in full ; and when the given name of the payee is 
known, it should be stated, otherwise the initial letters of the given name 
may be used. The given name of married women must be stated, and 
not those of their husbands. 

Domestic Money Orders may be procured at any money office, payable 
at any other money office in the United States, by filling out and presenting 
the proper application form, accompanied by the amount required and the 
lawful fees, which are as follows : 

For sums not exceeding $5, 5 cents; over $5 and not exceeding $10, 8 
cents ; over $10 and not exceeding $15, 10 cents ; over $15 and not exceed- 
ing $30, 15 cents ; over $30 and not exceeding $40, 20 cents ; over $40 and 
not exceeding $50, 25 cents ; over $50 and not exceeding $60, 30 cents ; over 
$60 and not exceeding $70, 35 cents ; over $70 and not exceeding $80, 40 
cents ; over $80 and not exceeding $100, 45 cents. 

Limitations. — A single money order may contain any amount from one 
cent to one hundred dollars, inclusive ; but must not contain a fractional 
part of a cent. No more than three orders can be used on the same day to 
the same remitter, and in favor of the same payee and payable at the sam'e 
office. 

In case a money order is lost or destroyed or becomes invalid, as all 
money orders do after the expiration of one year, a duplicate will be issued 
by the department at Washington, on application therefor from either the 
remitter, payee or indorsee of the original, at the office of Issue or Pay- 
ment, and proper blanks "will be furnished for that purpose at any money 
order post office. 

Payment of Orders. — Identification. — Every person who applies for 
payment of a money order is required to prove his identity to be the right- 



116 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

f ul owner of the order. The payee of the money order may, by his written 
indorsement thereon, direct it to be paid to any person, and the paymaster 
on whom it is drawn will pay the same to the person so designated, pro- 
vided he shall furnish proof that the indorsement is genume and that he is 
the person empowered to receive payment; but more than one indorsement 
will render an order invalid and not payable, and the holder, to obtain pay- 
ment, must apply for a new order in lieu thereof, returning the original. 

Re-Payment of Money Orders. — Repayment of a money order can be 
made to the person who originally obtained it at the issuing office, and by 
the return of the order; but the fee cannot be returned. 

Postal Notes are issued for any sum, from one cent to four dollars and 
ninety -nine cents ($4.99), but not for any fractional part of a cent. The uni- 
form fee for the issue of a postal note is three cents. A postal note is pay- 
able at no particular office, but is payable to bearer, without identification, 
at an}'' money order office in the United States. No duplicates of lost or 
destroyed postal notes can be issued. 

International Money Orders, payable in the Postal Union Countries, 
can be procured at the Brooklyn General Post Office, and at stations B, E. 
G, S, V and W. 

Fees. — The following fees are charged for money orders issued on any 
of the countries named above: 

On orders not exceeding $10, 10 cents; over $10 and not exceeding $20, 
twenty cents; over $30 and not exceeding $40, forty cents; over $40 and 
not exceeding 50, fifty cents; over $50 and not exceeding $60, sixty cents; 
over $60 and not exceeding $70, seventy cents; over $70 and not exceeding 
$80, eighty cents; over $80 and not exceeding $90, ninety cents; over $90 
and not exceeding $100, one dollar. 

The payment of international money orders must be within twelve 
months after the month of issue, and is governed by the same rules as re- 
gards identification, signature, etc., that apply to domestic orders. In 
some cases the remitter forwards the money direct, and in others the post- 
master forwards it, giving a receipt to the sender. 

Change of Address. — Persons and firms changing or intending to 
change their places of residence or business, should promptly notify th^ 
postmaster. 

Postage Kates and Conditions— Domestic. 

Domestic Mail Matter — First Class. The rate on all letters, sealed or 
unsealed, sent to any post-office in the United States or Canada, is two 
cents for each ounce or fraction thereof, or one cent for each ounce or frac- 
tion thereof when mailed or called for at the same office. Letter rate is 
charged upon all packages sealed against inspection (excepting proprietary 
articles in original trade packages) typewritten matter, printed matter 
containing writing (excepting corrected proof sheets, inscribed books, pam- 
phlets and dated or signed circulars), postal cards to which anything is 
attached or on the face of which anything excepting the address is writ- 
ten, and all ordinary cards used as substitutes for postal cards. This class 
includes postal cards. 

The Second Class embraces all newspapers, magazines and periodical 
publications issued regularly and at least four times a year, and having a 
legitimate list of subscribers, and the rate, when mailed by the publisher 
or news agent, is one cent a pound, but when mailed by any others is one 
cent for each four ounces or fraction thereof. Limit of weight none. 



XLeEOAOWAX FMOM THE FEMWES TO WYTHE ME. 



GUM ELASTIC ROOFING. 



Laying and Painting Gum Elastic Roofing, 




The Gum Elastic Roofing 

IS ABSOLUTELY NON-COMBUSTIBLE and Guarantee! to last 
A lO years. Costs only $2. GO per lOO square feet. 

Strongly endorsed by New York Board of Underwriters. Send stamp 
for circulars, samples and particulars. 



GUM ELASTIC PAINT 



Costs only 60 cents per gallon in bbl. lots, or $4.50 for 5-gal. tubs. Color, 
dark red. Will stop leaks in Tin or Iron Roofs that will last for years. 

Gum Elastic Roofing Co., 

41 West Broadway, New York City. 

Old Roofs Repaired and New Roofs put on and warranted. 

ESTIMATES FREE. 



MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. 117 

Second-class matter must be wrapped so as to allow easy inspection by the 
Postmaster. 

Third-Class. The rate of postage on third-class matter is one cent for 
each two ounces or fraction thereof, fully prepaid by postage stamps. This 
class embraces books, pamphlets, and all matter wholly in print on paper 
(and not included in the second-class), such as printed hand bills, cards, 
labels, calendars, printed postal cards mailed in bulk, legal and insurance 
blanks, photographs, blank check and receipt books, engravings, litho- 
graphs, re-productions by hektograph, cyclostyle, or mimeograph or other 
similar process ; but the following articles, although bearing printing, are 
not included in the third-class, but are fourth-class matter : Printed letter 
heads and bill heads ; envelopes printed or unprinted (except when one or 
two with printed address are in enclosed with third-class matter for reply), 
printed or unprinted blotters, blank books, playing cards, dissected maps 
or pictures, oil or water color paintings, crayon, pencil, or pen and ink 
drawmgs, paper patents, paper sacks and wrappng paper with printing 
thereon, photographs retouched in India ink or water colors, unprinted 
postal cards mailable in both. Limit of weight four pounds. Matter of this 
class must be so tied or wrapped as to permit easy examination. 

Fourth-Class. The rate of postage on fourth-class matter is one cent 
for each ounce or fraction thereof, which must be fully prepaid by postage 
stamps. This class embraces merchandise, samples, and all articles (not in 
themselves unmailable), which are not embraced in the first, second or 
third-class. Seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots, scions and plants are mailable at 
the rate of one cent for every two ounces or fraction thereof. Under this 
head are included samples of wheat and other grain in its natural condition, 
seedling potatoes, beans, peas, chestnuts and acorns. Not, however, sam- 
ples of flour, rolled oats, pearled barley, or other cerels which can only be 
used as articles of food ; or cut flowers, dried plants and botanical speci- 
mens, which are all subject to postage at one cent per ounce ; or foreign 
nuts and seeds (such as the coffee bean), used exclusively as articles of 
food. The limit of weight of each package is four pounds. Matter of this 
class must be so wrapped or packed to be easily inspected, and when of 
dangerous nature so secured as to prevent damage to the other contents of 
the mail bags and the post-office employes. 

In general, mail matter of the second, third and fourth-class may bear 
simply the address of the intended recipient and the sender. To the latter the 
word "from" should be prefixed. Second-class matter may bear the inscription 
"marked copy," or words directing attention to passages contained therein. 

Unmailable matter embraces all obscene or lottery literature, any matter 
otherwise mailable bearing inscriptions of scurrilous or defamatory charac- 
ter, and all materials of an essentially destructive nature. Concealing matter 
of a higher class in that of a lower class is an offense punishable by $io fine. 

Postage due on mail (the amount indicated by postage due stamps 
affixed to the letter or package), is collectable before delivery. 

Letters alone may be withdrawn by the person depositing them or his 
agent within an hour after their receipt at the general post office. Applica- 
tion must be made to the assistant postmaster before 3 P. M., and a fac- 
simile to the envelope used and of the address in the same handwnting 
must be presented. 

Foreign Mail Matter. 

All countries, except those enumerated in a succeeding paragraph, are 



118 ' CITIZEN GUIDE. 

included in the Universal Postal Union, between which a nniform postal 
tariff obtains. 

The rates of postage on mail matter posted in the United States and 
addressed to countries included in the Universal Postal Union (excepting 
the Dominion of Canada and Mexico), are as follows: Letters, per one half 
ounce, five cents. Postal cards, each, two cents. Newspapers and other 
printed matter, per two ounces, one cent. Commercial papers: Packets 
not in excess of ten ounces, five cents; packets in excess of ten ounces, for 
each two ounces or fraction thereof , one cent. Samples of merchandise: 
Packets not in excess of four ounces, two cents; packets in excess of four 
ounces for each two ounces or fraction thereof, one cent. Registration fee 
on letters or other articles, eight cents. 

Ordinary letters for countries of the Postal Union (except Canada and 
Mexico), will be forwarded whether any postage is prepaid on them or not. 
All other mailable matter must be prepaid at least partially. 

Mail matter for the Dominion of Canada and Mexico is subject to the 
same rates and conditions as domestic mail. The following articles are 
absolutely excluded from the mails to these countries: 

All sealed packages, excepting letters; all packages (excepting single 
volumes of printed books) weighing over four pounds six ounces, and publi- 
cations which violate the copyright laws of these countries. From the mails 
to Mexico are excluded liquids, pastes, confections, etc. The rate on seeds, 
etc., to Canada is one cent per ounce. 

The countries not embraced in the Universal Postal Union are: China, 
to which all matter may be registered; Cape Colony and the Orange Free 
State; Morocco (except the European post offices therein); Madagascar (ex- 
cepting St. Mary's, Tamatave and Majanga): Ascension and St. Helena. 
The rates to these countries are, for letters ten cents for each half ounce or 
fraction thereof) for newspapers, etc., two cents for each two ounces or 
fraction thereof 

Dutiable articles received as'mail matter^are detained by the Customs 
Department of the post office and notice of their detention is sent to the 
addressee, who receives the same upon application and payment of the 
duties. Duty on books is collected on delivery. Books printed in foreign 
languages are free. 

Local Deliveries. 

There are four forms of delivery of ordinary, non-registered mail mat- 
ter: One, by carriers; two, through lock-boxes; three, at the "Poste Res- 
tante" or General Delivery; fourth, by special delivery messengers. 

There are on an average seven deliveries by carriers daily throughout 
the most populous part of the city, and at least three in the scattered districts. 
The first delivery begins at 7:15 A. M., the last 6:40 P. M. Pieces of mail 
bearing "Special Delivery Stamps" are the only ones delivered on Sunday. 
Carriers are required to deliver no mail matter except to the persons addressed 
or their authorized agents; to receive all prepaid letters, postal cards, and 
small packages handed them for mailing while on their routes; and to col- 
lect any postage that may be due on mail matter delivered by them. In 
certain surburban districts they are required to carry a limited number of 
postage stamps for sale to the public. They are forbidden to deliver any 
mailable matter which has not first passed through the mails. They are 
not required to deliver heavy or bulky packages. A notice to call at the 



MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. 1 19 

nearest post office for any package of this kind is sent to the person whose 
address it bears. 

All ordinary mail matter may be delivered through lock-boxes to the 
lessees, their employees, members of their families or firms, and their tem- 
porary visitors or guests. 

All letters or other mail parcels bearing in addition to the 'address the 
words " Poste Restante" or "To be called for" are placed in the Poste 
Restante at the general post office to be called for. All matter failing of 
delivery or lacking the street or box address, and for which correct ad- 
dresses cannot be found in the city directories, is likewise placed in the 
Poste Restante. Letters, etc., bearing the address of the sender are re- 
turned within thirty days if no shorter time is specified on their envelopes. 

Clerks conversant with almost all foreign languages are on duty at the 
foreign delivery widow. Local letters are not advertised, and after re- 
maining unclaimed in the Poste Restante for thirty days are sent to the 
Dead Letter Office, Washington, All foreign mail matter of ostensible 
value is advertised. On Sundays residents of the different districts can ob- 
tain their mail at wickets of the branch offices during office hours on pre- 
sentation of reasonable evidence of their identity. 

Special Delivery. 

The law establishing the special delivery system provided for the issue 
of a special stamp, of the face valuation of ten cents, which when attaclied 
to a letter or package (in addition to the lawful postage thereon), will entitle 
such letter or package to special delivery within the carrier limit of a free 
delivery office between the hours of 7 A. M. and 11 P. M., and within a 
radius of one mile from the Post Office; at all other offices between 7 A. M. 
and 6 P. M., by messengers who, upon delivery, will procure receipts from 
the parties addessed or some one authorized to receive them. 

Posting Special Delivery Letters. — Special delivery letters (particularly 
those intended for delivery in^Brooklyn) should be posted either at the Gen- 
eral Post Office or at one of the stations. Special delivery stamps may be 
purchased at the General Post Office, or at any of the stations, sub-stations 
or stamp agencies. 

Telegraphic Service. 

No country in the world excels the United States in the extent and 
completeness of its telegraphic service. The Western Union and Postal 
Telegraph Companies cover the country with their aerial system of wires as 
with a vast metallic net. Every city and town and almost every village 
and hamlet in the land is in direct telegraphic communication with the 
great centres of commerce and population. In Brooklyn and on Long 
Island the service is very extensive and satisfactory. The teliigraph offices 
throughout the island, except in the cities, are closed generally at 8 o 'clock 
in the evening. Besides these two great companies the American district 
and Brooklyn District Messenger Companies provide Brooklyn with tele- 
graphic service. 

The main offices of the Western Union Company for Brooklyn are at 
369 Fulton street; those of the Postal Telegraph Cable Company are at 16S 
Montague. 

Telegraph offices in Brooklyn are located as follows (those marked 
with an asterick are open all night): 



120 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Western Union Offices:— *i 7 Adams St.; Annex foot Fulton St.; *At- 
lantic Ave., cor. Flatbush Ave. (L. I. R. R. Depot); ^Atlantic, cor. Frank- 
lin Ave. (L, I. R. R. Depot); 2659 Atlantic Ave.; ^1074 Bedford Ave.; 1233 
Bedford Ave.; 26 Broadway; *i53, *io8o, and 1364 Broadway; Bushwick 
Depot L. I. R. R. ; 4 and ^325 Court St. ; 689 Dekalb Ave. ; *42o Fifth Ave. ; 
*3 1 3 Flatbush Ave. ; *369; Loeser's; *726, 860, *i7i9, 2069 Fulton St.; 578 
Grand St.; 148 Greenpoint Ave; 71 Hamilton Ave.; Manhattan Cross- 
ing; ^414 Myrtle Ave.; Navy Yard; North Ninth St., cor. Rent Ave.; 
*242 Sumner Ave.; 734 and 11 79 Third Ave.; 37 Washington Ave.; Eagle 
Office, Washington St., cor. Johnson; 623 Wythe Ave.; and Hotel St. 
George, Hicks, cor. Clark St.; Fulton St., cor. Tom.pkins Ave. 

Postal Telegraph Cable Company's Offices: — 168 Montague; 596 Atlan- 
tic; 98 Broadway; 746 Flushing; 1306 Broadway; 1587 Broadway; 7 Brook- 
lyn; 2 Court; 328 Court; 335 Dekalb; 194 Ewen; 453 Fifth Ave.; 426 Ful- 
ton; 7 Greene Ave. ; 1 100 Fulton; 838 Fulton; 81 Greenpoint Ave. ; Howard 
House Entry; 93 North Third, 84 Seventh Ave. 

For offices of the American District Telegraph Co. and the Brooklyn 
District Messenger Co., see page 125. 

Telegraphic Rates and Conditions. 

The words contained in the body of a message alone are charged for. 
The date, address and signature are transmitted free of charge. Messages 
may be of any length. Specihc regulations are printed on the back of each 
message blank. 

Local Rates: — For messages between points in Brooklyn and New York 
City, Jersey City, Newark, Bay Ridge, Flatbush, Fort Hamilton, Hoboken, 
Weehawken, and many of the nearby towns, the charge is twenty cents for 
ten words and one cent for each additional word. 

Continental and Foreign Rates: — The rates to a few places only can 
be given here. These, however, will indicate the cost of sending mes- 
sages to points throughout the country. 

Messages containing ten words besides the address and signature are 
forwarded from Brooklyn to the following points at the rates named: Al- 
bany, N. Y., 25 cents; Alleghany, Pa., 25 cents; Atlanta, Ga., 50 cents; 
Boston, Mass., 25 cents; Baltimore, Md., 25 cents; Buffalo, N. Y., 25 cents; 
Chicago, 111., 50 cents; Cincinnati, O., 40 cents; Cleveland O., 40 cents; 
Colombus,0., 40 cents; Cambridge, Mass., 25 cents; Camden, N. J., 25 
cents; Detroit, Mich., 40 cents; Denver, Col., 75 cents; Dayton, O., 40 cents; 
Fall River, Mass., 25 cents; Grand Rapids, Mich., 50 cents; Indianapolis, 
Ind., 50 cents; Kansas City, Mo., 50 cents; Lowell, Mass., 25 cents; Louis- 
ville, Ky., 50 cents; Milwaukee, Wis., socents; Minneapolis, Minn., 50 cents; 
Memphis, Tenn., 50 cents; New Orleans, La., 60 cents; New Haven, Conn., 
25 cents; Nashville, Tenn., 40 cents; Omaha, Neb., 50 cents; Providence, R- 
L, 25 cents; Pittsburg, Pa., 25'cents; Reading, Pa., 25 cents; Richmond, Va., 
35 cents; Rochester, N. Y., 25 cents; Scranton, Pa., 25 cents; Syracuse, N. 
Y., 25 cents; St. Paul, Minn., 50 cents; St. Louis, Mo., 50 cents; San Fran- 
cisco, Cal., $1.00; Toledo, O., 40 cents; Troy, N. Y., 25 cents; Trenton, N. 
J., 25 cents; Wooster, Mass., 25 cents; Washington, D. C, 25 cents; Wil- 
mington, Del., 25 cents; and the cities of Middle and Eastern Canada, 40 
cents. 

Night messages forwarded during hours when business is slack on the 
Great Trunk lines are charged at half the regular rate, but 25 cents is the 



MEANS OP COMMUNICATION. 121 

minimum sum received in payment for any message. Telegrams are deliv- 
ered and answers received by messengers within the city limits free of 
charge on week days between 7.30 A. M. and 9 P. M. Out on Long Island 
messages are delivered free within one half mile of the receiving stations, 
which are generally situated on the line of the Long Island Railroad. When 
the distance is greater than one half mile the charge is regulated by the 
actual cost of the messenger employed and usually amounts to 25 cents for 
the first additional half mile and 25 cents for each mile thereafter. The 
officers of the company are instructed to make the cheapest delivery possible 
in keeping with celerity. Persons may order their messages delivered to 
their Post Office Boxes, and receive them along with their mail, thus saving 
delivery charges. 

Cable Telegraph System. 

Trans-Atlantic and South American and West Indian telegraph cables 
have their main offices for North America in New York. The principal 
European and South American cables are m.anaged by the following com- 
panies: American Telegraph and Cable Company, 195 Broadway; Anglo- 
American Telegraph Company, 8 Broad St. ; Commercial Cable Company, 
I and 3 Broad St. ; Compagnie Francaise du Telegraphe de Paris and New 
York, 34 Broad St. ; The Direct United States Cable Company, 40 Broad- 
way; The Pedro Secundo American Telegraph and Cable Company, 44 
Broadway, and the Central and South American Cable Company, 39 Wall 
St. Messages over any of these lines may be forwarded from Brookljm by 
the Local Telegraph systems without any additional fee. 

A Tariff of Rates agreed upon by all the Atlantic cable companies is in 
force. Messages may be written in any language using Roman letters. 
The maximum length of a cablegram word is ten letters. Should a word con- 
tain more than ten letters, every ten or fraction thereof is counted a word, except 
the names in the address. Groups of figures are counted at the rate of three 
figures to a word. Groups of letters having a secret meaning can be em- 
ployed only in government messages. To secure accuracy a message may 
be repeated at an additional cost of one-quarter the ordinary rates . Replies 
may be prepaid. Cable Messages are delivered free within the city limits. 
Cable rates per word to some of the most important cities and countries are 
as follows: Austria, 34 cents; Belgium, 30 cents; Bosnia, 36 cents; China, 
$1.96; Cjrprus, 64 cents; Denmark, 35 cents; Eg^^t, about 60 cents; France, 
25 cents; Germany, 25 cents; Gibraltar, 43 cents; Great Britain and Ireland, 
25 cents; Greece, 43 cents; Holland, 32 cents; India, $1.23; Italy, 32 cents; 
Japan, $2.21; New Zealand, $2.74; Norway, 35 cents; Persia, 84 cents; 
Portugal, 39 cents; Russia, 43 cents; Sardinia and Sicily, 32 cents; Spain, 
40 cents; Sweden, 39 cents; Switzerland, 30 cents. 

To South and Central American Points: The rate per word to Guate- 
mala and other Central American Republics is about $7; Argentine Repub- 
lic, $1.75; Brazil, $1.55; Chih, $2.41; Colombia, $5; Peru, $2.25; Uruguay, 
$1.96. 

Telephone Systems. 

_ The Telephone systems afford the public the most unique, direct and 
satisfactory means of communication at present in existence. By the tele- 
phone the delays and the misconstructions incident to the telegraph, postal 
and messenger services are entirely obviated. The paramount 



122 



CITIZEN GUIDE. 




advantages of the system are the rapidity of the service and the 

possibility of the negotiating par- 
ties conversing as freely and fully 
as though they were face to face, 
while in reality they may be hun- 
dreds of miles apart. Business 
which would ordinarily take weeks 
to transact can thus be begun and 
ended in a few minutes. The New 
York and New Jersey Telephone 
Company provides Brooklyn and 
Long Island with a most efficient 
telephone service. The central 
office and largest exchange of this 
company is at i6 Smith street. 
Other large exchanges are located 
at convenient points. All of the 
subscribers' lines centering at these 
offices are conducted underground 
almost exclusively, and a comprehensive system of underground trunk lines 
connects the various central offices together. Hereafter anythmg like a 
serious break-down, due to storms or blizzards, which have heretofore in- 
terrupted communication in large cities, cannot occur in Brooklyn. 

The equipment of subscribers' stations is of the highest class known to 
the telephone art; and it is possible to talk with entire satisfaction from 
metallic circuit subscribers' stations to any point reached by the long dist- 
ance wires, including Chicago and all intermediate points in the West; 
Baltimore and Washington in the South; and Boston and Portland in the 
East. There are about 4,700 subscribers in Brooklyn. There are in use 
over 12,000 miles of wire, of which over 8,000 miles are underground. 

The telephone business is unique in the commercial world, as being the 
only one which can be done cheaper on a small scale than in a wholesale 
way. The reason for this paradox cannot be stated in a few words, but is 
due principally to the fact that, while the income from subscribers bears a 
direct ratio to their number, yet the cost of apparatus and the plant re- 
quired to provide the necessary facilities for inter-communication increases 
at a much greater rate. While the actual sum of money paid for the use of 
the telephone in Brooklyn is somewhat higher than in small cities, yet 
when the quality of service and the number of miles of wire over which the 
subscriber talks are considered, it may fairly be said that the Brooklyn 
subscriber has the cheapest and the best telephone service in the world. 

The New York and New Jersey Telephone Company has about 600 em- 
ployees, 200 of whom are girls (who operate the switchboards at the various 
offices). This company has complied with the underground law, and as a 
result nearly two thirds of its wires are buried. In addition to the under- 
ground system, there are a large number of cables connecting with New 
York City by the Brooklyn Bridge and with points on Long Island. Under 
the North River and the Harlem River there is a complete system of sub- 
marine cables connecting Brooklyn via the City of New York with the 
North and West. Altogether the problem of telephoning in Brooklyn has 
been solved in a manner whose success is reflected in the satisfaction ex- 
pressed by a great majority of the subscribers of the company. 




XIL BMOAOWAX FROM BEMRY ST, TO PMIGGS AVE. 



BICYCLES. 




THE NAME OF 



SCHWALBACH 



Is so well known and has been 
so long identified with the retail 




icycle Trade, 

That we wish to IMPRESS on the public mind that he 
is ONLY CONNECTED WITH ONE FIRM, and that is 

Ghas. Schwalbach, 

FLATBUSH AVENUE, 



FRANKLIX AVENUE ENTRANCE 
TO PROSPECT PARK. : : : : : 



j NINTH AVENUE AND UNION STREET, 
Branches: ^^^^ ^^^ BEDFORD AVENUE. 



The only indoor TRAINING SCHOOL in Brooklyn 

\\^HEELS SOLD ON EASY TERMS. 



MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. 133 

A comparatively new feature of the business is the increasing number 
of pay stations distributed over the city, so that the residents who do not 
have the telephone in their houses have but to walk a short distance to places 
where, at a moderate charge, they may telephone to their fiiends in any 
quarter of the Island or to any point reached by telephone. The fee for a 
local message from any pay station to any other telephone in Brooklyn, is lo 
cents. Long distance messages are charged at a rate proportionate to the 
distance. 

Pay Stations, indicated by the sign of the Blue Bell, and equipped with 
long distance instruments and cabinet sound-proof booths, are located 
wherever there is business to warrant them. 

The following is a complete list of pay stations in Brooklyn : — 

89 Atlantic ave (Henry st), 404 Atlantic ave (Bond st), 596 Atlantic ave 
(Flatbush ave), 2469 Atlantic ave (East N. Y. depot), Atlantic ave cor. 
Elton st, 369 Bedford ave (South 5th st), 433 Bedford ave (South Ninth st), 
994 Bedford ave (De Kalb ave), 1071 Bedford ave (Lexington ave), 1074 
Bedford ave (Greene ave), 1145 Bedford ave (Madison st), 1222 Bedford ave 
(Hancock st), 1233 Bedford ave (Halsey st), 14 Boerum st (Broadway), 22 
Broadway (Kent ave), 153 Broadway (Bedford ave), 516 Broadway (Union 
ave I. 1080 Broadway (Reid ave), 1205 Broadway (Lafayette ave), 1316 Bush- 
wick ave (Covert st), 404 Central ave (Palmetto st), 13 Chauncey st (Lewis 
ave), 51 Clark st (Hicks st), 397 Classon ave (Greene ave). Court House, 
Kings Co, 2d floor, 2 Court st (Fulton st), 191 Court st (Bergen st), 325 Court 
st (Sackett st), 32S Court st (Sackett st), 261 Dean st (Nevins st), Dean st 
and Sackman st, 231 De Kalb ave (Clermont ave), 236 De Kalb ave (Cler- 
mont ave), 335 De Kalb ave (St James Place), 346 De Kalb ave (Ryerson st), 
140 East New York ave (Powell st) 420 Fifth ave (^ Eighth pt), 445 Fifth ave 
(Ninth st), 559 Fifth ave (Fifteenth st), 313 Flatbush ave (St. Marks ave), 
252 Franklin ave (De Kalb ave , 338 Franklin ave (Greene ave), Fulton st 
(Foot of), 5 Fulton st (Water st), 285 Fulton st (Tillary st), 369 Fulton st 
(Opp. City Hall), 371 Fulton st (Arbuckle Building), 460 Fulton st (Elm Place) 
505 Fulton st (Bridge st), 518 Fulton st (Hanover Place), 631 Fulton st 
(Rockwell Place), 670 Fulton st, (So. Portland ave), 725 Fulton st (Lafayette 
ave), 726 Fulton st (Cumberland st), 793 Fulton st (Cumberland st), 838 
Fulton st (Vanderbilt ave), 981 Fulton st (St. James Place), iioo Fulton st 
(Franklin ave), 1107 Fulton st (Ormond Place), 1179 Fulton st (Spencer Place), 
1719 Fulton st (Marion st), 1831 Fulton st (Buffalo ave), Fulton st and Van 
Sicklen ave, 235 Gold st (Concord st), 288 Grand st (Marcy ave), 578 Grand 
st (Lorimer st), 7 Greene ave (So. Oxford st), 19 Greene ave (Cumberland st), 
178 Halsey st (Marcy ave), Halsey st and Ralph ave, 71 Hamilton st (Van 
Brunt st), 247 Hewes st (Marcy ave), 149 Lafayette ave (Carlton ave), 322 
Lafayette ave (Grand ave), 487 Manhattan ave (Freeman st), 543-5 Man- 
hattan ave (Dupont st), Manhattan ave and Greene st, 613 Marcy ave 
(Willoughby ave), 947 Marcy ave (opp. McDonough st), 168 Montague st 
(Clinton st), 360 Myrtle ave, 406 Myrtle ave (Vanderbilt ave). 448 Myrtle ave 
(Waverly ave), 679 Myrtle ave (Bedford ave), 1278 Myrtle ave (Cedar st), 
107 Nevins st (opp Wyckoff st), 239 Ninth st (Fourth ave), 439 Ninth st 
(Seventh ave). Pacific st and E N Y ave, 207 Park ave (Clermont ave), 471 
Park ave (Franklin ave), 76 Pennsylvania ave (nr.Atlantic ave), 25 Putnam 
ave (Grand ave), 48 Putnam ave (Irving Place), 268 Putnam ave (Nostrand 
ave), 263 Reid ave (Macon st), 97 Sands st (Jay st), 84 Seventh ave (Berkeley 
Place), 16 Smith st (Fulton st), 251 Smith st (Douglass st), 379 South Second 
st (Hooper st), 242 Sumner ave (Lexington ave), 345 Sumner ave (Putnam 



124 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

ave), Thirty-ninth st and Second ave, 703 Third ave (22dst), 619 Throop ave 
(Decatnr st), 417 Tompkins ave (Hancock st), 336 Union st (Smith st), 752 
Union st (Cor Sixth ave), 143 Washington st (near Sands st), 284 Washington 
st (Johnson st), 231 Willoughby st (Jay st), 63 Wythe ave (Ross st). 

The following towns on Long Island are connected with the Central 
Office by Long Distance Telephones, through which of course they can 
again be connected with any individual telephones besides, thus affording 
the most complete service possible. 

Astoria, Babylon, Baldwins, Bath Beach, Bay Ridge, Bay Shore, Bay 
Side, Bayville, Blythebourne, Brooklyn, Coney Island, Corona, Cypress 
Hills, East Moriches, East Norwich, Far Rockaway, Flatbush, Flatlands, 
Flushing, Freeport, Glen Cove, Gravesend, Great Neck, Hempstead, Islip, 
Jamaica, Lawrence, Little Neck, Long Island City, Middle Village, Wood- 
haven Junction, Newtown, Oyster Bay, Ozone Park, Port Washington, 
Richmond Hill, Rockville Centre, Roslyn, Sands Point, Sea Cliff, Sheeps- 
head Bay, Steinway, Van Pelt Manor, West Brighton, and Whitestone. 

It is intended to extend the line further East on the Island wherever 
business warrants the expenditure. 

The value of this means of communication to the commercial world may 
be judged from the fact that 10,250,000 messages are transmitted annually 
through the Brooklyn Exchanges — a daily average of 3,000. 

Complete directories of the subscribers to the telephone service in the 
metropolitan districts are to be found in all pay stations, where every ac- 
comodation is afforded the patrons of the system. 

Messenger Service. 

The Brooklyn District Messenger Company, with executive offices at 
369 Fulton street, and the American District Telegraph Company, with 
head offices at Montague corner Clinton street, combine to provide the city 
of Brooklyn with a most efficient messenger service. A force of several 
hundred boys in uniform is maintained. In addition to this the equipment 
includes several thousand automatic electrical call boxes, connected with the 
nearest offices of the messenger companies and with the police and fire de- 
partments. These call-boxes are small electrical signal instruments operat- 
ed with a crank moved through different distances on the arc of a circle and 
then released— the distance depending upon the service required. As it is 
possible to summon by these instruments a messenger boy, a policeman, a 
doctor, or the fire department, persons not familiar with their use should 
carefully read the instructions printed on the face of the box. Call-boxes 
are furnished under a peculiar agreement, viz: For the charge of $1.25 
per month, the company supply the box and its wire connections with the 
system and provide a special watchman who patrols at least twice during 
each night the immediate neighborhood of the building in which the box is 
placed. No special charge is made for the ordinary use of these boxes, but 
only for the services of the messengers summoned. Messenger boys are 
always in waiting at the offices of the company. 

Messenger Rates. — The regular charge for messenger service is based 
upon the standard rate of thirty cents an hour. Detentions are charged at 
the same rate. All persons employing messengers should write plainly 
upon the tickets presented to them the amount paid and the destination of 
the message, to prevent extortion and miscarriage. Messengers can be 
called from the first class hotels and restaurants and many other public 
places at any hour of the day or night. 



MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. 125 

Messenger Offices of the different companies are located at the follow- 
ing points. These offices are never closed : 

American District Telegraph Company. — 91 Clinton street. Executive 
Offices 168 Montague street, 328 Court street, 7 Green avenue, 1 100 Fulton 
street, 7 Brooklyn avenue, 64 Seventh avenue, 335 DeKalb avenue, and 2 
Court street. 

Brooklyn District Messenger Company. — 1074 Bedford avenue, 1233 
Bedford avenue, 1080 Broadway, 325 Court street, 420 Fifth avenue, 313 
Flatbush avenue, 726 and 1719 Fulton street, 448 Myrtle avenue and 242 
Sumner avenue. 



EDUCATIOJMAL IJMSTITUTIONS. 



The Public School System — Colleges, Institutes, and Academies- 
Schools of Art, Music and Medicine — Libraries — Newspapers. 



During the early history of the village of Brooklyn, as throughout th'; 
other Dutch colonies, education was fostered by the ecclesiastical author- 
ities. Beyond the pale of the church there was little or no attention paid 
to either public or private instruction. The first record of educational work 
in Brooklyn was the appointment on July 4th, 1660, of a certain Carrel de 
Beauvois to the position as teacher of a Parish school, located on Red Hook 
Lane in a little church edifice near what is now the junction of Fulton and 
Bridge streets, about a pistol shot from the present office of the Board of 
Education, established for the benefit of the youngsters of the then strag- 
gling hamlet. This worthy dominie received for his services the entire tax 
or contribution levied for school purposes, and performed his work subject 
to the authority of the church consistory. His duties, and those of his 
successors, were more varied than can well be imagined at the present day. 
He taught the children — the branches of study being limited to reading and 
spelling, the curriculum at that time not even including arithmetic— led the 
church choristers, acted as a lay-reader and sexton, toiled the church bell, 
conducted the funerals, dug the graves, for small fees attended to all the 
details of the baptismal services, and served as messenger to the consistory; 
nor were these tasks merely perfunctory, he was under signed contract to 
perform them. The simplicity of the curriculum of this early day is readily 
explained by the multiplicity of the engagements of the teacher. The pro- 
gress from this stage was slow indeed, for it was not until 1749 that we find 
any attention paid to th3 higher branches of education, when some inde- 
pendent schools were established, relying for their maintenance upon the 
patronage of those desiring a higher training than could be gotten in the 
-hurch schools. After this day advancement was rapid, and checked only 
laring the seven years of the Revolutionary War. In 1805 the Public School 
Society of New York established in that city several free schools and Brook- 
lyn, jealous of this progress, began to reach forward in the same direction. 
In i3i6, after prolonged anl obstinate resistance on the part of those pre- 
judiced in favor of the old systems of education, there was established in 
Brooklyn the first free school, supported in part by a tax on the inhabitants 
of the district and in part by a tuition fee of $1.50 per quarter, which fee 
provided everything necessary for instruction. The new school was under 
the control of a board of three trustees and the first teacher was Judge 
John Dikeman. The number of scholars who presented themselves on 
the first day was sixty-three. The school building stood at the corner of 
Concord and Adams streets, subsequently the site of public school No. i. 



EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 127 

At this time there were in all 553 children in the district who did not attend 
school. 

Since this time nothing has checked the progress of the educational 
system in Brooklyn, a progress which has not been surpassed or even 
rivalled by any other American city. The present school system is con- 
trolled by the Board of Education with executive officers at 151 Livingston 
street. This Board is appointed by the Mayor and consists of forty-five 
members who serve gratuitously for three years. The term of one- third of 
the members expires annually and the vacancies are tilled by new appoint- 
ments. The Board appoints the executive officers, to whose care is en- 
trusted the management and general supervision of the entire system. 

This system at present embraces day, evening and industrial schools, ' 
Efforts are being made to establish well equipped manual training schools 
to meet the exigencies of a city whose manufacturing interests have so 
wonderfully developed in the past few decades. There are in all eighty-six 
public school buildings, affording accommodations for 96,385 pupils. These 
pupils are under the care of 2,185 teachers. The number of pupils enrolled 
is many hundreds in excess of the school accommodations, but new build- 
ings are being erected to provide for the natural demands of a so rapidly 
growing city. The enrollment in the evening schools is about 12,500 and 
the average attendance 4,200. In the orphan as^dum schools there are 
over 1,600 scholars and fifty-seven teachers. The value of school property 
is about six and a half million dollars. The salaries of teachers, which are 
graduated according to the grade of school and length of service, range 
from $350 for a teacher of the primary girls classes to $3,000 for the princi- 
pal of a grammar school. The total expenditure for 1892 was nearly 
$2,900,000, of which about $700,000 was expended on new buildings. The 
new school buildings are constructed upon the most improved plans and are 
models of their kind. 

The following are the most important branches of the public school 
system : — 

The Training School for Teachers, Ryerson street and Myrtle 
avenue, established in 1885, has a staff of fourteen instructors, and accommo- 
dations for 475 students. There are at present 379 young women enrolled. 
The school is divided into a department of theory and a department of 
practice. In the former the pupils receive instruction in the principles and 
history of education and in methods of teaching, while in the latter they 
are required to teach a class of young children for at least ten weeks, and 
thus familiarize themselves with class-room devices, the work of instruction 
and the management of a school in general. As an evidence of the value 
of this school, nearly all of its graduates have received appointments from 
the Board almost as soon as they have completed their studies. The cur- 
riculum includes all the subjects required in the primary and advanced 
schools in Brooklyn. 

The Girls' High School, Nostrand avenue near Halsey street, has a 
staff of fifty-six teachers, and is provided with 1,737 sittings. The number 
of pupils enrolled last year was 1,536. In this school three courses of study 
have been established — a language course of four years, an English course 
of three years, and a commercial course of two years. The accommodations 
of this school have been almost doubled by the completion of a large annex 
during the past year, and it seems destined that the institution will be- 
come one of the largest and most successful high schools in the country. 



128 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

The Boys' High School, corner of Marcy and Putnam avenues, owes 
its existence as an independent organization to the division of the Central 
School, two years since, into the Girls' High School and the Boys' High 
School. The school is equipped with twenty -three instructors, and enrolled 
during the last year 584 pupils. The number of sittings is 705. The cur- 
riculum embraces three courses of study— a four years language course, a 
three years scientific course, and a two 'years commercial course. 

The Evening Schools, fifteen in number, were established some years 
since for the benefit of youths employed during the day who desire to ad- 
vance themselves, and are located at convenient points throughout the city. 
The courses of study are especially designed to meet the requirements of 
the class of pupils in attendance. Among the features of these schools are 
the classes in the English language for foreigners. The enrollment in each 
has always been large and is constantly increasing. Various expedients 
have been devised to aid in securing greater regularity in attendance at 
these schools, which work much good to the laboring classes. 

Attendance Schools. — Education is compulsory in Brooklyn between 
the ages of six and fourteen, and in order to enforce this regulation, special 
" truant agents " are employed by the Board, whose duty it is to report and 
investigate all the cases of wilful non-attendance. To free regular schools 
from demoralizing influences, and to insure better the correction of truant 
pupils, attendance schools have been established. About 40,000 visits are 
made by the truant officers annually, and about 10,000 cases receive special 
investigation. 

Free Scholarships in the leading educational institutions of the State — 
Columbia College, University of the City of New York, Cornell University, 
State Normal Schools, Packer Institute — numbering about 100, of an average 
annual value of $100, have been placed at the disposal of the Board of 
Education for distribution among deserving graduates of the public schools. 

Free Kindergartens. — There are in Brooklyn two large free kinder- 
garten associations, namely, the Brooklyn and the East End, both founded 
within the past two or three years. The object of these associations is to 
establish free kindergarten schools for the benefit of the little children of 
the poorer classes, who would otherwise go untaught during their earlier 
years, or be forced to submit to the more abstract methods of the public 
school system. These schools are equipped with all the devices and appli- 
ances for the natural methods of instruction. The Brooklyn Kindergarten 
Association maintains four schools. The East End Association is under 
the management of a Board of Trustees, made up of delegates from the 
different churches of the Eastern District interested in the movement. 
Offices, Grand Army Hall, Bedford avenue and North Second street. This 
association maintains ten schools in the Eastern District. 

Free Sewing Schools, for the instruction of girls with a view of en- 
abling them to earn an honorable living, are maintained in connection with 
about forty churches, chapels and missions in Brooklyn. In general the 
classes are held on Saturdays, between the hours of 10 and 12 A. M. or 2 
and 5 P. M. 

Brooklyn Chautauqua Assembly, organized in 1886, embraces thirty- 
two local circles and a large number of affiliated readers. The objects of the 
organization are similar to those of the Central Chautauqua Society, with 
which it is associated. There are in all about 1,000 members. The resi- 
dent counsellor is the Rev. Lyman Abbott, D. D., of Plymouth Church. 



EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 129 

Although Brooklyn cannot boast of a great university, it possesses 
many institutions of learning that have gained for themselves a wide and 
even national reputation. In the great sister city of New York there are 
no schools established upon the same lines that equal them in point of 
equipment, breadth of plan, patronage and public utility. Several of these 
institutions are most intimately connected with every step in the march of 
progress of the city of Brooklyn. They have provided her with higher 
education in almost every field of learning and have grown at the expense 
of many more pretentious colleges in this and the neighboring states. The 
chief among these are : 

The Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences is foremost among the 
educational organizations in Brooklyn, in that it is the most comprehen- 
sive in scope and the most alive to the wants of the general public. As at 
present constituted, it is the result of the organization of the old Brooklyn 
Institute chartered by the Legislature in 1843, which in turn was the out- 
growth of the earlier Brooklyn Apprentices* Library Association, founded 
m 1S23. From 1835 to 1891 the Brooklyn Institute occupied a building on 
Washington street, where through the various vicissitudes of fortune it did 
effective work until the building was destroyed by fire in the latter year. 
During the years 1887-88 a new era in the history of the Institute was inaug- 
urated. The property of the Institute became the nucleus of a broad and 
comprehensive institution for the advancement of science and art, and its 
membership an active association laboring not only for the advancement of 
knowledge, but for the education of the people through the establishment 
of public libraries, lectures and collections in art and science. By this 
new effort it emulated the work done in other cities; also a new charter was 
secured through the instrumentality of the most public spirited citizens of 
Brooklyn. The Institute has made, during the past five years, the most 
wonderful progress in the accomplishment of its ends. 

The plan of work of this organization embraces departments in every 
field of learning. At present the active departments are : Archaeology, 
architecture, astronomy, botany, chemistry, electricity, engineering, en- 
tomology, fine arts, geography, geology, mathematics, microscopy, miner- 
alogy, music, painting, pedagogy, philology, photography, physics, politi- 
cal and economic science, psychology and zoology. 

Each of these separate branches has a membership of its own and a 
special course of lectures. The members of the separate departments are 
ex officio members of the general organization, which at the close of last 
year had an enrollment of 1790. The corporation of the Institute has se- 
cured from the Legislature a grant of $300,000 for the erection of a public 
museum on the East Side lands bounded by the Eastern Parkway, Wash- 
ington avenue. Old President street and Prospect Hill Reservoir. To this 
fund the city corporation will add $50,000 as an endowment as evidence of 
the confidence reposed in the destiny of the new institution and in its 
power of accretion. The Brooklyn Microscopic Society, the American 
Astronomical Society, the Brooklyn Entomological Society, and the Lin- 
den Camera Club have voluntarily become special departments of the In- 
stitute. The plan of each department provides for lectures, exhibitions 
and the reading of papers on special subjects. At present the value of the 
property belonging to the Institute is about $250,000. The projected 
Museum, when completed, will be leased at a nominal rent to the Institute 
authorities, and the enterprise mil then have a home worthy of the 
great future which undoubtedly lies before it. 



130 . CITIZEN GUIDE. 

The General Library of the Institute, which comprises about 17,000 
volumes, is the oldest in the city. It is specially rich in American editions 
and collections of works on travel and exploration. It is free to residents of 
Brooklyn, and the books are loaa^I for homs u^e. The libraries of the de- 
partments, some of which possess valuable special collections, are for con- 
sultation, and are open only to members of the Institute. 

The Biological Laboratory, located at the head of Cold Spring Harbor, 
is one of the newer features of the Institute, already attracting wide inter- 
est and patronage ; it provides courses in Biology and Bacteriology, and 
offers facilities for advanced work and original investigation. The Labora- 
tory is open from July 7th to August 2Sth. The tuition fee for the full 
course is $25. 

The Shinnecock Hills Summer School of Art is located at Southamp- 
ton, L. I. , and is established for the purpose of affording facilities to students 
and artists for study and work at the sea-shore during the summer months 
at reasonable rates. The school is under tlie direction of Mr. William M. 
Chase, President of the Society of American Artists, and is open from June 
ist to October ist ; loS students were enrolled last year. The tuition for 
the advanced classes in portrait, figure and landscape painting, is $15 per 
month, and for the preparatory classes $3 per month. Good boarding ac- 
commodations are to be had in the vicinity at reasonable rates. 

The Adirondack Summer School of Art was established in 1892, at the 
village of Worcester, Otsego County, N. Y., in the midst of a picturesque 
hill country, and is intended to provide abundant facilities for landscape, 
cattle and figure painting. The school is under the supervision of Mr. 
Walter Shirlaw. The tuition is $12 per month for advanced and $S per 
month for preparatory work. 

The Pratt Institute, on Ryerson street, between Willoughby and 
DeKalb avenues, was founded by Mr. Charles Pratt of Brooklyn, for the 
promotion of Art, Science, Literature, Industry and Thrift. The Institute is 
based upon an appreciation of the dignity as well as the value of skilled 
manual labor. It affords opportunities for complete and harmonious edu- 
cation, and develops a spirit of self-reliance ; in short, its purpose is to aid 
those who are willing to aid themselves. Its classes, work -shops, librar}^ 
reading-room and museum are for this purpose, and while tuition fees are 
required, yet it is the endeavor to make possible by some means consistent 
with self -helpfulness and self respect, the admission of every worthy appli- 
cant. The Institute is provided with a liberal endowment, which enables 
it to make merely nominal charges for tuition, and to secure the best talent 
and facilities for the accomplishment of its aim. The tuition fees and all 
other receipts are used for the advancement and maintenance of its work. 
The buildings of the Institution are really noble edifices, and are a splendid 
monument to the memory of their philanthropic founder. _ The buildings 
are at present four in number, the Main Building, the High School, the 
Science and Technologv Building, and the Trade School. They are of 
brick, with trimmings of stone and terra cotta, and are heated by steam 
and lighted by electricity. The main building is provided with a passenger 
elevator, which runs at all hours when classes are in session. A new build- 
ing is about to be constructed on the west side of R3^erson street to contain 
the Library, Museum, Art Department, and a large Auditorium. Ample 
play-grounls aggregating 192,000 square feet adjoin the buildings. The 
Institute U under the control of a Board of Trustees. Its work is conducted 
QU the departrn^nt system ; the heads of the various departments consti- 



EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 131 

tuting the faculty. Morning, afternoon arid evening classes, in all of 
which the character of the work is similar, are held in all departments. 
Both sexes are admitted on equal footing to the privileges of the Institute. 
An important feature of the Institute is its system of lecture courses, de- 
voted to practical instractioa upon the right mode of living, the problems 
of social and political life, domestic economy, sanitary science, literary cul- 
ture, ethics, etc. ; many of these courses are open to outsiders. The de- 
partments of the Institute are as follows : 

I. The High School, in which the work is similar to that of other high- 
schools, but is allied to various forms of manual work. Its literar}" course 
includes language, sociology, mathematics, science, and drawing; its man- 
ual work for boys comprises wood work and metal work; for girls, sewing, 
hygiene, home nursing, and wood carving. The fees range from $io to 
$20 per term. 

II. Department of Industrial and Fine Arts, provides practical instruc- 
tion in sketching and composition, freehand and instrumental drawing, 
clay modelling, technical designs, architectural and mechanical drawing, 
wood carving, and art needlework. This department is equipped with fif- 
teeh studios and rooms especially fitted for the various classes, and has 
exceptionally fine art collections for reference and study. The fees range 
from $3 to $15 per term, according to the studies taken. 

III. Department of Domestic Art and Science, provides two curricu- 
las, one including sewing, dressmaking, millinery, and physical culture, 
and the other a normal domestic science course, household science, hygiene 
and home nursing, public hygiene, cookery, and laundry work. Large, well 
appointed chemical and physical laboratories, ideal kitchens, valuable 
charts and models, an extensive library and a rich museum, constitute in 
part the equipment of this department. The fees range from $2 to $30 per 
term, according to the special studies selected. 

IV. Department of Science and Technology, affords instruction in 
scientific and technical subjects and practical training for the principal 
mechanical trades. The branches taught are algebra, geometry, physics, 
chemistry, electrical construction, steam and the steam engine, strength of 
materials, machine designing, carpentry, plumbing, and house, sign and 
fresco painting. The fees in this department range from $5 to $30 per 
term. 

V. Department of Commerce, gives instruction in phonography and 
typewriting, bookkeeping, arithmetic and penmanship, English and Spanish. 
Fees, $8 per term tor each day course and $6 for each evening course. 

VI. Kindergarten Department, is intended for the training of teachers 
for this branch of educational work. Fees, $30 per term. 

VII. Music Department, aims at conferring the benefits of a musical 
education upon the masses of the people. Fees, from $2 to $10 per term. 

VIII. Department of Agriculture, provides theoretical and practical 
instruction during the summer months. Tuition for two months, $15. 
Board, including room, furnished at $5 per week. 

The students in all the departments during 1891-92, numbered over 
4,000; the instructors 120. 

The free public library of the Institute comprises 40,000 volumes, and 
has connected with it large, comfortable and well-lighted reading-rooms 
and reference-rooms, in which are kept on file over 200 leading periodicals. 
Over 19,500 persons have registered as members of the library, which cir- 
culates annually about 170,000 volumes. The library is open daily from 



132 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

9 A. M. to 6 P. M., and on Wednesdays and Saturdays until 9.30 P. M., 
while the reading-room is open on week days until 9.30 P. M. 

A distinctive feature of tliis institution is a sort of savings bank annex 
called " The Thrift," established to promote habits of economy as well as 
to instruct in the methods and advantages of public savings institutions. 
The idea is in part a copy of that employed in many large cities in Europe, 
and makes use of a so-called stamp system of deposits. There are three 
branches — investments, deposits and loans — and the plan works exceedingly 
well. 

The Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn resulted from the reorgani- 
zation of the former Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute, founded 
in 1854, Q-iid is located on Livingston street, between Court street and 
Court square, immediately behind the Municipal buildings, and occupies a 
very stately and spacious suite of buildings. Two courses of study are pro- 
vided, leading respectively to the degrees of Bachelor of Science and 
Bachelor of Arts. The educational work embraces two departments, the 
Academic and the Institute proper, each distinct from the other and occu- 
pying a separate building. The academic department comprises the prepar- 
atory courses of the Institute which are designed to prepare students for 
entrance there as well as for mercantile life. The studies of this depart- 
ment embrace the ordinary English branches with modern languages, 
classics and advanced mathematics. In the Institute the courses are four in 
number — Liberal, Engineering, Chemical and Electrical. In addition to 
these a post-graduate course is added in Civil and Electrical Engineering 
which leads to the degrees of Civil or Electrical Engineer. In each of 
these departments the work is equivalent to the corresponding courses in 
other colleges or technical schools leading to like degrees. Besides the 
higher English, classical and mathematical studies, the natural and applied 
sciences, such as chemistry, zoology, chemical philosophy, blow pipe analy- 
sis, geology, physics, qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis, assay- 
ing, mineralogy, crystallography, electrical measurements and testing, 
there are in addition classes in surveying and engineering, architecture, 
astronomy and the theory and construction of steam engines. 

The Institute is equipped with a library of 8,000 volumes — a gift of 
Captain Elihu Spicer, in memory of his son. Connected therewith is a 
realing room amply supplied with reviews and periodicals. 

The gymnasium on the ground floor is furnished with every appliance 
for thorough physical exercise and development; it has a running track, 
baths and a swimming tank, and is open to students under prescribed con- 
ditions. 

The chemical and physical laboratories are spacious and exceedingly 
well equipped and arranged. The electrical laboratories and machine 
shops are very complete and are supplied with the Edison current for the 
generation ~)f the necessary power. The observatory is provided with an 
astronomical telescope. The museum on the ground floor contains good 
collections in geology, zoology and paleontology. The art studio is a 
spacious, lofty and well lighted room at the top of the Institute building and 
is supplied with studios and designs from the flat, in relief and plaster models. 
The tuition fees in the Institute are $50 per term; in the academic depart- 
ment from $25 to $45 per term, according to the grade. Last year over 850 
stuaents were enrolled. 

The Packer Collegiate Institute, originally founded in 1844 as the 
Brooklyn Female Academy, occupies very spacious quarters on Joralemon 




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EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 133 

and Livingston streets, half a block from the City Hall. The Institute is 
a memorial to Mr. William S. Packer, a distinguished citizen of Brooklyn, 
and is intended to provide a liberal education for young women. It has large 
resources and offers to students advantages for a systematic and thorough 
training in primary, academic and collegiate instruction. The buildings 
are in every way adapted to the wants of a thorough graded school. 
Besides the chapel, laboratories, studios, library and gymnasium, there are 
thirty study and recitation rooms. The halls are spacious and the ceilings 
high, and the rooms large and airy. The climbing of stairs by the students 
is obviated by the use of an elevator. The chapel has a beautiful Gothic in- 
terior and accommodates 800 students. The gymnasium is furnished with all 
desirable appliances for the physical training of young women. The phys- 
ical lecture room is completely equipped with all the devices and appliances 
of modern physical laboratories. The chemical laboratory accommodates 
twenty-four students at a time and is well equipped. One peculiar feature 
of the school is that the furniture in the class-room.s is not fixed to the floors, 
thus rendering it possible at any time to change the arrangement if such 
change is expected to promote the comfort and health of the students. Im- 
proved apparatus for heating by indirect radiation and for ventilation is used 
in every room with most satisfactory results; so perfect is the system that a 
vitiated atmosphere is no longer possible. The work of the Institute is divided 
into four departments, the primary, academic, preparatory and collegiate. 
In the academic department two courses are provided, a Latin course and a 
mathematical course, while in the collegiate department the curriculum is 
similar to that filled in the higher colleges and embraces such studies as 
logic, psychology, physiology, chemistry, biology, physics, astronomy, 
geology and drawing. The Institute has several excellent collections of 
minerals and fossils illustrative of geological history, shells, birds, etc. , for 
use in the classes in zoology, and a large equipment of apparatus and mate- 
rial for the study of physiology and natural history. The observatory is 
provided with a six inch achromatic telescope, fitted with all necessary 
appurtenances. The library contains 5,000 books, well distributed over 
the entire field of literature. Twenty-four scholarships, securing free 
tuition to as many students, are at the disposal of the trustees. Last 
year therl were 760 students enrolled, of whom 131 were in the colle- 
giate department. The tuition fees, payable in advance, range from $20 a 
term in the primary, to $40 a term in the collegiate. 

The Adelphi Academy, on St. James Place, Lafayette avenue 
and Clifton Place, was founded in 1869, and occupies very hand- 
some and commodious buildings, which owe their existence to the 
generosity of some members of the Board of Trustees, notably Charles 
Pratt and Hayden W. Wheeler. In 18SS a building endowed by Charles 
Pratt and occupied by the scientific and art departments of the Academy, 
was opened. This building was especially planned with the view to 
healthfulness, and the scientific arrangement is a model of its kind. The 
courses of study and the methods of instruction are designed to furnish a 
thorough and systematic training. 

The work above the Kindergarten is divided among four departments, 
namely : — The Preparatory, which admits pupils between the ages of six 
and ten, for elementary study ; the. Academic, which admits students from 
nine to sixteen years, provides for a good English education and embraces 
among its studies physiology and some knowledge of German, French or 
L^tiu, English. History aud English Literature ; the Collegiate, which ad- 



134 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

mits advanced students of all ages, providing three separate courses ; the 
Classical, the Literary and the Scientific, each of which leads to a diploma, 
and the Art, which affords advanced instruction in the history and appear- 
ance of artistic subjects in the highest and widest sense. The students of 
this latter class are frequent exhibitors at the National Academy of Design 
and the Water Color Society of New York, and have won no little credit 
for themselves and the Institution of which they are members. In each cf 
these departments the course is of four years duration. The Academy and 
College Curriculum includes extensive and practical work in the chemical 
and physical laboratories. About 1,150 students were enrolled last year. 
The instructors number fifty-two ; the tuition fees range from $10 per term 
in the Kindergarten to $40 in the Collegiate. The Institution possesses a 
very valuable library. 

St. Francis College, 300-12 Baltic street and 29-47 Butler street, a 
Roman Catholic Institution, was founded in 1859. The work of the college 
comprises four departments, Primary, Preparatory, Collegiate and Com- 
mercial. In the collegiate department the degrees of Bachelor and Master 
of Arts, and Bachelor of Science, are conferred upon graduates. In the 
commercial department students are fitted for every species of business 
pursuit. The courses extend over four years and embrace in the higher 
departments such studies as are common to the higher institutions of learn- 
ing throughout the land. The college is conducted by the Franciscan 
Brothers. The students number about 300 ; provision is made for boarders 
as well as for day students. The tuition fees are very moderate ; the an- 
nual charge for a boarder being $250. Instrumental and vocal music, 
drawing and painting form part of the curriculum. A good library is con- 
nected with the institution. 

St. John's Roman Catholic College, corner Willoughby and Lewis 
avenues, is invested with the powers and the privileges of a university. 
Two courses of study are provided, Collegiate and Commercial. The col- 
legiate course covers those branches usually taught in literary colleges of 
the first rank ; the commercial course is thorough and practical, particular 
attention being given to arithmetic, bookkeeping, letter-writing and com- 
mercial law. Graduates in the former course receive the degree of Bache- 
lor of Arts. A post-graduate course of two years duration is provided for 
those desiring to progress further with their literary and classical studies. 
The tuition fee is $15 per quarter. The number of students is about 200. 
The trustees have at their disposal several scholarships and many 
premiums. 

The Brooklyn Bryant and Stratton Business College, at Court and 
Joralemon streets, is an institution devoted exclusively to commercial train- 
ing. The departments are two, namely — theory and practice. The former 
embraces courses of instruction in mathematics, penmanship, English lan- 
guage, correspondence and book-keeping, and is extended by a series of 
lectures upon business customs and commercial law. The department of 
practice comprises complete training in the different forms of business, 
such as retailing, wholesaling, agencies, commission, banking, etc., and is 
supplemented by actual work in conducting banking, jobbing and commis- 
sion houses, an agency bureau, a transportation office, and a completely 
equipped post office. The institution is. individual and adapted to the par- 
ticular wants of the student, enabling him to advance entirely independent 
of others. Progress is thus made dependent upon diligence and ability. 
Such trmp-ing as is here giveu has invariably secured rapid ^dymQ^mmt iu 



EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 135 

business houses. Students are received on any school day in the 57'ear. The 
location of the school is central and healthful and the sanitary conditions 
and equipment of the building are unexcelled. 

The Long Island Business College, 103 South Eighth street, is the 
outgrowth of Wright's College, established in 1873. This institution, which 
has had a very rapid growth, is at present housed in a very handsome 
structure recently built for it. The building is excellently equipped with 
every convenience and arrangement necessary for a commercial institution 
and affords unrivalled facilities for a practical business education. The 
college draws its patronage from every corner of the island as well as from 
New York City, New Jersey and Connecticut. Day and evening sessions 
are provided in which the studies are substantially the same. For the day 
session the school year begins early in September and closes at the end of 
June, while for the evening session the school year begins about the middle 
of September and closes about the middle of April. Students are received 
at any time and are charged pro rata from the date of entering. The college 
embraces five departments: Commercial, Stenographic, Academic, Lan- 
guage and Drawing, in each of which a thorough training is provided. The 
students number about 600. 

Other less important educational institutes in Brooklyn are as follows : 
Brooklyn Heights Seminary, Montague street near Clinton ; Brooklyn Latin 
School for Boys, 145 Montague street ; Brooklyn College of Pharmacy, 399 
Classon avenue ; Frobel Academy, 686 Lafayette avenue; College of Den- 
tistry ; Medical Colleges; Music and Art Schools. 

Schools of Art. 

The Brooklyn Art School in the Ovington Building, 246 Fulton 
street, is under the management of the Brooklyn Art Association and is 
conducted for the purpose of furnishing thorough courses of instruction in 
drawing, painting, modeling and composition. The methods of the school 
are similar to those employed in the great art schools of Europe and the 
Art Students League of New York. Special advantages are offered to 
artists and advanced students in the study and practice of composition. 
The studios are large and afford advantages for the best work. Appli- 
cants for admission to the Life and Painting classes are required to submit 
finished drawings from cast or life and for the Modeling classes examples of 
drawing or modeling. Applicants to the Antique classes are admitted 
without examination. There are seven different classes, namely: life paint- 
ing, antique, modeling, composition, perspective and sketch. The tuition 
fees varies from $3 per term in the perspective class, to $40 in the life class. 
The Art Guild has beeh recently consolidated with the Brooklyn Art 
School, which in turn is affiliated with the Department of Painting of the 
Brooklyn Institute. 

The Art School of the Pratt Institute will be found described 
above. 

Schools of Medicine. 

The Long Island College Hospital, located on Henry street, between 
Pacific and Amity streets, was organized for the pupose of practically unit- 
ing a medical school and hospital, and its success has surpassed the most 
ardent expectations of its promoters. The courses of instruction are given 



136 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

in the hospital buildings, so that the student without any loss of time is 
brought in direct contact with the patients, not only in the amphitheatre, 
but also in the wards of the hospital. Clinical teaching is thus made a 
reality, and the faculties of observation of the students are brought into 
play. The college buildings, which are incorporated with those of the 
hospital, are very commodious and equipped with all the conveniences of 
a great hospital school. In the college department the main amphitheatre 
has a seating capacity for nearly 300 students, besides a large number of 
rooms for recitations, examination of clinical cases, etc. There are also a 
well ea nipped chemical laboratory and a museum, the latter contain- 
ing a large number of rare specimens, including valuable collections made 
by the late Professors Austin Flint and Frank H. Hamilton. 

The CoUege year is divided into two terms — a regular, and a reading 
and recitation term. The regular term begins in the latter part of Septem- 
ber and continues until the end of March. The reading and recitation 
term, which begins at the end of March and closes in June, is designed to 
thoroughly prepare the student for the ensuing regular term. The course 
of study extends over three years, and embraces all the branches of theo- 
retical and practical medicine, clinical and surgical practice taught in the 
other great medical schools of the country. The requirements for admis- 
sion are a medical student's certificate from the Regents of the University 
of the State of New York, or the passing of a satisfactory examination con- 
ducted by the college faculty. The annual tuition fees and hospital dues 
are about $130. The number of students is about 250, and of professors 
and lecturers 30. 

One of the most important adjuncts of this institution is the Hoagland 
Laboratory in Henry street, directly opposite the College buildings. It is 
especially adapted to scientific research in all the important departments 
of medicine, more particularly in Bacteriology, Histology, Pathology and 
Medical Photoo-raphy. The equipment includes the most recent apparatus 
from EuropearT manufacturers, and is perhaps unsurpassed in the country. 
Special courses in Bacteriology and Photo-micrography, intended particu- 
larly for graduates, are provided. Microscopes, necessary material and 
animals for experimental purposes are furnished by the laboratory. The 
fee for the course is $25. 

The Brooklyn College of Pharmacy was organized in 1891 under 
the auspices of the Kings County Pharmaceutical Society for the proper in- 
struction and training of young men and wom.en desiring to equip themselves 
for positions as druggists' assistants. The lecture rooms of the college are 
situated at 399 Classen Avenue. The course of study which extends 
over two years, embraces general chemistry, botany, materia medica, 
theoretical and practical pharmacy, phvsics and laboratory work m 
all departments. The college year begins in September and ends in June. 
There are about 70 students enrolled. The hours for work are so arranged 
as to enable those who desire it to engage in lucrative employment 
during the greater part of the day. The tuition fees are §55 for the junior, 
and $65 for the senior year. 

Schools of Music. 

The Grand Italian Conservatory of Music, located at Fulton street, 
corner of Gold, was established in 1887. In the department of voice culture 
it has gained for itself a wide and va^cII merited reputation. The Conserva- 
tory is under the management of Signor R. E. De Stefani, who is an oper- 



EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 1ST 

atic artist of distinction and conducts the vocal classes. In his teaching he 
adopts the purest Italian method. His assistants are Professor Carlo 
Brizzi, a well known composer, who takes charge of the instruction in 
instrumental music and harmony; and his son, Professor Louis Brizzi. who 
is the instructor on the or^an and in solfeggio. Complete instruction is 
given to those desiring to finish for the profession in vocal music for church 
or oratorio, concert singing and English and Italian opera. In order to 
promote the ambition of the pupils Italian operas and public concerts are 
given each season in the Academy of Music or some other large hall. 
These entertainments have become a feature of the Institution and have 
met with the greatest success. 

The fees of tuition are moderate, and range from $40 to $80 for private 
vocal instructions, and from $20 to $30 in classes; and for pianoforte, 
organ, instrumental and harmony from $20 to $30. 

Instruction in the Italian language and in dramatic acting is included 
in the vocal department without extra charge. Over 100 pupils of the best 
social standing are patrons of this Conservatory. The rooms of the Con- 
servatory are very suitably arranged for the purposes of instruction. 
Facing the Fulton street side is the large hall, excellent in its acoustic 
properties, where the vocal lessons are given. This hall is furnished with 
a platform or stage, on which the students may acquire a knowledge of 
pose, thereby enabling them to make a graceful, effective and successful 
appearance before the public. On the Gold street side are the rooms for 
piano an.d instrumental instruction. The location is central and accessible 
from all parts of the city. 

Groschel Conservatory of Music, 136 State street, near Clinton, offers 
a complete course of musical instruction to amateurs and professionals. All 
branches of vocal and instrumental music are taught. Special attention is 
paid to instruction in harmony, counterpoint and chorus. A course of 
lectures on musical subjects is given. The Conservatory has a staff of over 
twenty instructors. • 

Libraries. 

The Brooklyn Library, formerly the Mercantile, on Montague street, 
between Court and Clinton streets, directly opposite the Academy of 
Music, is the chief library of Brooklyn. It is housed in a building espe- 
cially erected for it in 1868 at a cost of $150,000. The building is of brick 
with stone trimmings and the style of architecture is Gothic. The library 
contains about 115,000 volumes, and is supported in part by the fees of sub- 
scribers. The interior of the building is very commodious and well lighted 
and ventilated. The main floor is occupied by the reading rooms and library 
of special reference ; in the former are kept on file all the leading newspa- 
pers, magazines and reviews in the English and foreign languages. The 
second and upper story of the building is occupied by the library proper 
and the reference department. During 1S92, 100,000 persons made use df 
the reading rooms, and over 97,000 books were borrowed. The reference 
library contains 12,000 volumes, which were consulted during the same 
period by over 75,000 persons. A branch of the library with reading rooms 
has been established in the suburb of Bensonhurst. For the convenience 
of residents remote from the central library, nine branches have been estab- 
lished where books may be exchanged daily. These branches are located 
as follows : I. 1,176 Fulton street, corner Franklin avenue; II. Flat- 
bush avenue, corner Seventh avenue; III. 981 Fulton street, corner St. 



138 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

James Place; IV. Court "street, corner First Place ; V. 19 Greene avenue, 
corner Cumberland street; VI. 397 Classon avenue, corner Greene 
avenue; VII. Lafayette avenue, corner Grand avenue; VIII. 570 Bedford 
avenue, corner Taylor street; IX. 515 Halsey street, corner Stuyvesant 
avenue. 

The number of volumes delivered at these branch stations in 1S92 was 
over 5,000. The number of members, including life and permanent mem- 
bers, is about 2,900, The annual subscription fee is $5; life membership 
may be purchased for $100, and permanent membership for $500. The 
library derives part of its income from real estate investment and from an 
endowment fund. The library is open from 8:30 A. M. to 9 P. M. ; the 
reading room from 8 A. M. to 10 P. M. 

The Long Island Historical Society Library, housed in the magnifi- 
cent home of the Society at the comer of Clinton and Pierrepont streets, is 
a reference library only for the use of members of the society or persons intro- 
duced by them. Occasional permission is granted by the librarian to those de- 
siring to consult any special department. The library contains about 48,000 
volumes, including many rare and valuable books. It is rich in works 
relating to American local history and to family genealogy, and contains 
nearly all the important works which have been pubhshed upon general 
American history. It is also strong in English and French history and 
biography, and has a fine collection of costly and richly illustrated volumes, 
relating to fine art, antiquities and natural history. It contains a good col- 
lection of general literature, and is well furnished with encyclopedias, dic- 
tionaries and similar works of reference. The most important American 
and English periodicals and the New York and Brookl^m daily and weekly 
papers are supplied regularly, and of many of these periodicals and news- 
papers the library contains complete or nearly complete files. 

Many unpublished manuscripts are in possession of the Society, among 
them a large portion of the papers of Henry Laurens, the correspondence 
of his son. Col. John Laurens, with letters of Richard Henry Lee, General 
Gates and other eminent men of the period ; also a series of 123 original 
letters of Washington, formerly belonging to Edward Everett, and which 
have recently been printed by the Society. Thus far the Society has pub- 
lished four volumes with the following titles: Volume I. — Journal of a 
Voyage to New York and a tour in several of the American Colonies in 
1679-80, by Jasper Bankers and Peter Sluyter; translated from the original 
Dutch manuscript. Volume II. — The battle of Long Island with connect- 
ing preceding events and the subsequent American retreat. Volume HI. — 
The Campaign of 1776, around New York and Brooklyn, including a new 
and circumstantial account of the Battle of Long Island, and loss of New 
York. Volume IV. — George Washington and Mount Vernon, a collection 
of Washington's unpublished agricultural and personal letters. 

The privileges of the library are extended to the ladies in the imme- 
diate families of members, and to members, and to members' sons who are 
minors. The terms of membership in the society are $10 for the first year, 
and $5 for each year thereafter. The cost of life membership is $100. In 
connection with the library is a very fine museum, open from 9 A. M. to 5 
P. M. The hours of the library proper are from 8:30 A. M. to 9:30 P. M. 

Next in importance rank the libraries of the Pratt Institute and the 
Brooklyn Institute described above. Other important libraries are : The 
Union for Christian Work, 67 Schermerhorn St. , containing 30,000 volumes 
free to all persons of good character ; open daily (Sundays and holidays 



Educational institutions. 139 

excepted), from 8 A. M. to 6 P. M.; Saturdays to 9 P. M; the library is in 
part supported by an appropriation from the City Treasury; the circula- 
tion last year reached 183,000. The Long Island Free Library, 568 Atlan- 
tic Ave., containing about 8,000 volumes, open daily (Sundays and holidays 
excepted) from 8 A. M. to 9 P. M. Young Men's Christian Association 
Library, 502 Fulton St., is a free reference library to all and a circulating 
library among the members; it contains about 11,500 volumes; last year 
about 41,000 books were drawn; the reading room maintained in connec- 
tion with this library is free, and has on file over 300 periodicals, read daily 
by about 275 persons; the library is open from 8 A. M. to 10 P. M. : branches 
through which books are circulated are located as follows : — 131 South 
Eighth St., 416 Gates Ave., 362 Ninth St., cor. Pennsylvania Ave. and 
Liberty St.; and the Long Island College League, cor. Henry and Pacific 
Sts. Young Women's Christian Association Library, at the junction of 
Schermerhorn St. andFlatbush Ave., contains over 5,000 volumes, and is 
free as a reference library to all respectable young women, and as a circu- 
lating library to the members of the association. Law Library, Room 16, 
Court House, is strictly a reference library ; from it books cannot be re- 
moved except upon an order from a judge, and then only to the court 
room for use in some case or trial; it comprises about 14,000 volumes, 
treating upon legal subjects exclusively; the number of books consulted 
last year was 4,000; membership 144. Medical Society Library, 356 
Bridge St., contains 6,000 volumes restricted to the use of the medical pro- 
fession. Public School Libraries, South Third St., cor. Driggs Ave., E. D., 
free to residents of school districts Nos. 16, 17, 18, 19. 22, 23, 24, 26, 31, 33, 
34 and 37; open to the public Tuesdays and Fridays from 4 to 6 and from 
7 to 9 P. M. ; open to children on Wednesdays and Saturdays from 4 to 
6 P. M. ; the library contains about 19,000 volumes, and has a very large 
circulation. 

Other important reading rooms not already described are as follows: — All 
Soul's Free Reading Room, South Ninth St., near Bedford Ave.; Atlantic 
Avenue Congregational Chapel, Atlantic and Grand Aves.; Children's 
Mission, 125 Eagle St.; Factory Girls* Improvement Club, 872 Bedford Ave. ; 
First Reformed Church, Seventh Av. and Carroll St.; First Baptist Church 
Free Reading Room, Hendrix St., Twenty-sixth Ward; Grace Church, 
Hicks St., near Remsen; Greenwood Baptist Church, Fifteenth St., near 
Fourth Ave., free to male residents of South Brooklyn; Hebrew Mission, 
Rockaway and Sutter Aves.; Kent Street Reformed Church, Kent St., near 
Manhattan Ave.; Marcy Avenue Baptist Church, Marcy, Putnam and 
Madison Aves. ; Mount Olivet Presbyterian Church Readying Room and 
Library, Evergreen Ave., cor. Troutman St.; Plymouth Bethel Free Read- 
ing Room, 1.5 Hicks St.; Our Saviour's Danish Lutheran Church, Ninth St. 
near Third Ave.; South Presbyterian Chapel, 184 Twenty-fourth St.; South 
Third Street Presbyterian Church, South Third St. and Driggs Ave.; St. 
Paul's P. E. Church, Clinton St. cor. Carroll; Sailors' Reading Rooms, 339 
Furman St. ; Trinity Church, Dean St. , cor. Nostrand Ave. ; Willoughby 
Avenue Chapel, Willoughby Ave., near Grand, for young men only. 

Newspapers of Brooklyn. 

That Brooklyn is a great metropolis is shown by her enterprising, go- 
ahead, splendidly equipped newspapers. They are all published in the 
afternoon and are filled not only with the news of the city itself given in 
careful detail '\^^t gt tUe world at large, In sm, scope and gcng ral typo- 



140 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

graphical appearance they are quite the equals of the morning journals of 
the burg over the bridge. 

The Citizen is the Representative Home Newspaper and the represen- 
tative Democratic newspaper of Brooklyn. It can boast a larger circulation 
among church people than most religious periodicals, because it devotes 
more space to church news than any other secular newspaper in the met- 
ropolitan district. 

In its Woman's Department, it is second only to the great fashion 
magazines. The passing whims of dress are embodied in its cut paper 
patterns that are furnished without cost to its readers, who make a selection 
from figures printed every Sunday. 

Fraternal Society members find in it the correct news of their orders. 
It is the official organ of the Legion of Honor, Tonti and the Odd Fellows. 
High officials of other orders write for it. 

Scholars in the public schools and their parents find in its Roll of Honor 
the rating made by the teachers of monthly progress in studies. 

Thus the Church, the School and the Home are catered to with unflag- 
ging zeal and watchfulness, and hence the Citizen has become known as the 
Best Home Newspaper. It has besides everything that pertains to a thor- 
oughly equipped metropolitan daily. 

The Brooklyn Eagle, the organ of the Mugwumps, recently celebrated 
its half century by moving into a handsome building on Washington street 
that contains the latest improvements necessaiy to make a live, up-to-date, 
prosperous newspaper. 

The Standard Union, the Republican organ of the Western District, 
forsook lower Fulton street with the Eagle and settled on the same block 
with its rival on Washington street, in new quarters very prettily furnished. 
It is a cautious, conservative, well edited newspaper. 

The Brooklyn Times is the able exponent of Republicanism in the city 
and county at large, and in the Eastern District in particular. Its location 
is on Broadway near the ferry, but in the near future it will have a nev/ 
habitation further up the street that will be a credit to the city and a pointer 
as to its well deserved prosperity. In the " Burg " every one swears by the 
Times and knows and admires its proprietor and his coadjutors. 

These four great dailies do not exhaust the journalistic field in the city. 
There are a number of neighborhood sheets devoted to special interests, 
trade papers, and individual church publications without end. 

Out on the island the press flourishes like a green bay tree. Every 
town has its organ, and it is a very small hamlet indeed that does not sup- 
port, and generously, too, a weekly exponent of Democratic or Republican 
opinion and a chronicler of local news. 




mw%Jl®M-IttEliai^TOJ« 




FOOLISH 



ADVERTISING 





.O JViAKE EVEF^Y OObb/ff^ TEbb, 

Advertisements 

SJHOULD BE fREfAREID /vjSID 
fLACEID BY 




The P VVy^YJ^JE VVlLSON gOJVlP/rJMY, 

ISTo. 23 Park Row. 



BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS. 



The Bureau of Charities — Public and Private Aid — Hospitals, Dispen- 
saries, Ambulances and Nurses — Asylums for the Insane — Juvenile 
Asylums and Homes for the Aged — Reformatories and Day Nurser- 
ies — General and Special Relief. 



Brooklyn is a city of almost a million inhabitants and from its juxta- 
position to perhaps the greatest cosmopolitan city in the world, New York, 
it naturally takes upon itself more or less the characteristics of the latter 
and exhibits every possible phase of prosperity and adversity. One of the 
paradoxical characteristics of human progress seems to be that in the com- 
munities where are found instances of the greatest wealth, there also exists 
examples of the most abject poverty. To this paradox Brooklyn is no excep- 
tion. A large proportion of the foreign population which drifts into New 
York finds its way to Brooklyn and meets here the same difficulties in assi- 
milating itself to American institutions and modes of winning a livelihood. 
These immigrants in general come from the middle and lower social strata 
of their native lands and are content with a much lower standard of living 
than is consistent with the spirit of cur American institutions. This tends 
to degrade not only the better class of foreign citizens but the lower classes 
of our native population. These influences, of course, are extraneous, and to 
them must be added the natural circumstances and tendencies in a great 
centre of population to produce the class of unfortunates dependent upon 
public or private charities. In Brooklyn, as in other large cities, the de- 
mands for assistance have been the means of creating a spirit of generosity, 
parent to benevolent institutions and societies that cover almost the entire 
field of charitable work. 

Besides the innumerable benevolent societies especially connected 
Vv'ith the various churches and denominations, Brooklyn contains 121 charit- 
able institutions more or less general in their scope. The number of beni- 
ficiaries of these institutions aggregated in 1892 about a half a million. The 
amount annually expended is about two millions of dollars, which, of course, 
is entirely independent of the large private contributions to similar purposes 
for which no estimate can be given. The value of the charitable institu- 
tions, public and private, in Brookl}^ is about $3,000,000. 

The Brooklyn Bureau of Charities, founded in 1878, acts as acharity 
clearing house where are intended to be registered the names of all persons 
seeking or receiving public or private alms. This institution confers upon 
charitable institutions the advantages of concurrent action so indispensible 
to all departments of social and business life. It is non-sectarian, non- 
political and cosmopolitan. Its specific objects are : the promotion of cor- 
dial co-operation between benevolent societies, churches and individuals ; 



142 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

the maintenance of a body of friendly visitors to the poor ; the encourage- 
ment of thrift, self-dependence and industry ; the provision of temporary 
employment and industrial instruction ; the collection and diffusion of 
knowledge on all subjects connected with the relief of the poor and the 
maintenance of a free library of information on these subjects ; the preven- 
tion of imposition and the diminution of vagrancy and pauperism. The 
registry of this bureau includes to date 82,100 cards representing 170,000 
applications for aid by or for 211,800 persons. These figures will give some 
idea of the value of such a bureau to institutions and persons interested in 
charitable work. The registry is in short a history of Brooklyn pauper- 
ism and other phases of poverty, and by consulting it imposters may be 
easily exposed and the wasteful overlapping of charitable work prevented. 
All the facilities of this bureau are freely at the service of those who need 
them. The central offices are at 69 Schermerhorn street, but to facilitate 
the work the city is divided into fourteen districts, each with a separate office 
or conference. Last year cases of about 18,000 individuals were investigated 
for the first time, and about 3,400 people were provided with temporary or 
permanent work, exclusive of those assisted by industrial agencies and the 
Union for Christian work. In addition to the conferences the bureau main- 
tains two industrial wood-yards affording temporary work for men, and tw "> 
industrial laundries and laundry training schools for women, two work- 
rooms for women, two day nurseries for babies of working parents, and a 
lodging house for homeless women. The income of the bureau last year 
amounted to about $24,000. The applications for alms from stray mendi- 
cants should be referred to this bureau for investigation, after which those 
so disposed may follow up deserving cases individually. 

Public or Official Aid. 

The Commissioners of Charities and Corrections of Kings County have 
charge of all charitable and correctional operations of the city and county 
governm^ent ; offices, 2g Elm Place, corner Livingston street. Applications 
for relief of any kind, admission to hospital, alms house, asylums, nurseries 
and work houses should be made to the superintendent of charities at this 
address. Permits to visit the public institutions are granted from the cen- 
tral office only. The city charities embrace the following institutions : 

The Alms tie use, a spacious brick and stone structure at Flatbush, 
for the care of those over sixteen years of age incapable of self support. 
Last year the inmates numbered about 1,200, and the expenditure w^as 
nearly $80,000. 

Alms House Nursery, an institution subsidiary to the former, and also 
situated at Flatbush, for the care of foundlings and infants under two years 
of age of impoverished parents. 

The County Hospital, Flatbush," is a large and vrell equipped institu- 
tion for the care of the destitute sick of every age, creed and nationality, 
residents of the county. Contagious diseases are not admitted. The num- 
ber of patients last year was about 3,100, and the expenditure nearly 
$80,000. 

The Insane Asylum at Flatbush is one of the greatest and most unique 
of the county charities. The principal building of this institution is very 
extensive and imposing, having a frontage of 41^0 feet and a depth of about 
86 feet. The edifice is five stories high and comprises a central building 
and four wings all connected b}^ spacious transepts. The buildings are 
constructed of brick and brown stone. The facade of the central building 



BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS. 148 

|s embellished by a lofty portico, supported by pillars, and presents a very 
imposing appearance. This building is also surmounted by a dome which 
renders the edifice conspicuous from a distance. The interior appointments 
are in keeping with all modern improvements and conveniences, and it is 
consequently one of the best appointed public asylums in the State. A 
branch of this asylum is maintained at King's Park. The cost of the main- 
tenance of the two institutions is about $320,000 annually. The number of 
inmates last year exceeded 2,000, of whom over 700 were cared for in the 
branch. The institution is non-sectarian and admits insane persons of all 
ages. 

The City Prison, at Nostrand avenue corner Crown street, is the offi- 
cial penitentiary of the city and county criminal courts, where are confined 
oifenders of 16 3^ears of age and upwards. 

Kings County Jail, in Raymond street, receives prisoners committed by 
the city and county magistrates. This instiution is presided over by the 
sheriff of Kings County. 

The Morgue, corner Willoughby and Canton streets, is intended for 
the reception and detention for a limited time, until identification, of the 
unknown dead from the city prisons, police stations, streets, etc. It is the 
most gruesome of all the city charities, and is open at all hours. Bodies are 
kept for three days, and if then unclaimed are buried at the public expense 
in the Potter's Field. Photographs are taken and the clothing and other 
personal effects preserved for at least one year. 

Hospitals, Dispensaries, Ambulances and Nurses. 

Brooklyn is well provided with both general and special hospitals. 
Many of them are equipped with every modern sanitary improvement and 
convenience. So perfect are some of these institutions in their appoint- 
ments and in the quality of the medical service and attendance that they 
are desirable places of refuge during sickness, and are consequently 
patronized by many wealthy persons who have long since recognized their 
superiority to the less scientific arrangements of their private residences or 
hotels. The medical staffs of the hospitals comprise in general the most 
distinguished specialists and physicians in the city. Strangers residing in 
boarding houses or hotels should not hesitate to make use of these institu- 
tions when necessary. Persons suffering from contagious diseases are not 
admitted to any of the general hospitals, but are sent by the officers of the 
Board of Health to the Flatbush Hospital. 

The Principal General Hospitals of the City are : 

The Brooklyn Hospital, Raymond street corner DeKalb avenue, 
founded in 1845, is the oldest and one of the most important hospitals in the 
city. It comprises an extensive suite of buildings from three to four stories 
in height, of brick with stone trimmings. The site is elevated and health- 
ful. The buildings are in part surrounded by an extensive and beautiful 
lawn. The appointments of the hospital are as perfect as engineering skiU 
and medical judgment can make them. Patients of all ages and creeds 
suffering from diseases other than contagious, are received at any hour, 
The number treated last year was over 1,300. The cost of maintenance is 
about $70,000 annually. Persons able to pay are charged from $7.00 and 
upwards per week, according to the attendance required. The hospital has 
an outdoor department and dispensary as well as a training school for 
nurses, mentioned below. A special department of this hospital is 



144 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

The Orthopedic Dispensary, which was founded in 1868, in which 
over 1,100 cases are treated annually. It is especially devoted to the treat- 
ment of deformed persons of all ages. 

The Long Island College Hospital, founded in 1858, in Henry street, 
near Pacific, is a public unsectarian hospital admitting patients of all ages 
suffering from non-contagious diseases. The buildings of this hospital 
and the college associated therewith are spacious and well appointed. In 
the hospital department are wards for surgical, medical, and gynecological 
cases and a number of private wards adapted to the treatment of private 
pay patients. The institution is made to subserve the purpose of a clinical 
school and a general hospital and so far has played the double role with ad- 
mirable success, About 3,600 cases are treated here each year. The 
annual expenditure is about $75,000. An outdoor dispensary is attached to 
the hospital in which about 17,000 people received treatment last year. 
A depot of the city ambulance system is stationed at this hospital and the 
surgeons in attendance thereon are appointed after a competitive examina- 
tion open to graduates of the Long Island Hospital Medical School. 

Methodist Episcopal Hospital, founded in 1881, is an unsectarian 
institution for the care of the sick of all ages, and is situated at Seventh 
avenue and Sixth street. The hospital buildings, three in number, are ex- 
tensive and built of brick and stone. The site has been well chosen and 
offers many advantages for such an institution. Patients who are able to 
pay are charged fees in accordance with the attendance desired. Last 
year about 1,100 persons received treatment. The income of the institution 
is in part derived from an endowment fund, and in part from public and 
private benevolence. The annual income is about $38,000 a year. The 
hospital maintains a well equipped ambulance service. A training school 
for nurses is conducted in connection with the institution. 

St. Catherine's Hospital, founded in 1870, is a Roman Catholic 
institution for the care of the sick of all ages. It is situated in Bushwick 
avenue near Maujer street, and occupies a very extensive and commo- 
dious building. The hospital is in charge of the Sisters of St. Dominic, 
and although Roman Catholic in its management it is non-sectarian in its 
field of work, patients of every creed being freely admitted. Pay patients 
are received at rates proportionate to the services given. Last year over 
3,800 cases received treatment. In the outdoor department a very great 
work is carried on, and many thousands of prescriptions are put up, and 
innumerable visits made. The ambulance service of this hospital is very 
efficient and answers about 1,500 calls annually. For support the hospital 
depends largely upon private subscriptions, iDut derives a small income 
from public funds. Patients are admitted upon personal application by in- 
troduction between the hours of 9 and 11 A. M. A contribution of 
$1.00 a quarter insures membership and in case of sickness admittance to 
this hospital. 

St. Peter's Hospital, Henry and Warren streets, a Roman Catholic 
institution, founded in 1864, admits persons of all ages, irrespective of 
color, creed or nationality. The hospital buildings are extensive and 
well appointed. Pay patients are received. Last year about 2,000 persons 
were cared for, besides whom several thousand outdoor patients received 
treatment in the dispensary or were visited at their homes and provided 
with medicine. Admission, unless in extreme cases, is between the hours 
of 9 A. M. and 5 P. M. 



BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS. 145 

St. Mary's General Hospital, St. Mark's avenue, between _ Buffalo 
and Rochester avenues, is a Roman Catholic institution founded in 1868. 
Its buildings occupy an entire block and front on St. Mark's avenue. The 
main facade is 700 feet long, and the wings on the adjacent avenues 225 
feet. The present buildings were opened in 1882, and accommodate about 
300 patients. The hospital admits patients of every creed and nation. 
About eighty per cent of the patients are received free, while the remain- 
der pay fees proportionate to their ability. A commodious ward is set 
apart for the diseases of children. An efficient ambulance service is connec- 
ted with the hospital. The appointment of the hospital buildings is in 
accordance with the latest discoveries in science and medicine. An out- 
door department is maintained. 

St. John's Hospital, Alban}^ street, corner Atlantic avenue, estab- 
lished in 1848, is a Protestant Episcopal institution, under the direct man- 
agement of the Church Charity Foundation Society. It receives patients 
of all ages, suffering from curable non-infectious diseases. The hospital 
building is a massive and imposing structure five stories high, 140 feet 
long and ninety feet wide. The institution is well-equipped, and accom- 
modated last year about 225 patients. The wards contain about 140 beds. 
Southern Dispensary and Hospital, 119 Third Place, founded in 1873, 
is an unsectarian institution, and affords medical relief to the poor of all 
ages. In 1892 about 4,500 patients received treatment. 

The Brooklyn Homceopathic Hospital, 105 to iii Cumberland street, 
founded in 1852, admits patients of aU ages and religions. The treatment 
in the institution is in accordance with the homoeopathic principles of medi- 
cine. The hospital buildings have been recently erected and are spacious 
and exceedingly well adapted to the uses they subserve. About 13,000 
patients received treatment either in the wards of the hospital or in the out- 
door department last year. About $40,000 is expended yearly in the 
maintenance of the institution. Pay patients are received. An ambulance 
service and outdoor department are annexed to the hospital. 

Other General Hospitals are : — The Chinese Hospital, 45 Hicks 
street, for the treatment of Chinese of all ages ; Eastern District Hospital 
and Dispensary, 108 South 3d street, an unsectarian institution, which 
treated last year 30,000 patients of all ages and creeds ; Lutheran Hospital, 
East New York avenue corner Powell street, an unsectarian institution for 
the care of sick and wounded ; Memorial Hospital, 808 Prospect Place, for 
women and children of all ages ; Norwegian Lutheran Hospital, Fourth 
avenue and Forty-sixth street, for the care of sick Norwegians ; and the 
Charity Hospital at Flatbush, 

The Special Hospitals for the treatment of diseases indicated by the 
title of the Institution are as follows : — Brooklyn Eye and Ear Hospital, 94 
Livingston street, founded in 1S68 ; Brooklyn Home for Consumptives, 
Kingston avenue and Butler street, founded in 1881 ; Brooklyn Maternity 
Hospital (Homoeopathic), 44 Concord street, founded in 1871 ; Brooklyn 
Throat Hospital, Bedford avenue and South Third street, founded in 1878, 
for the treatment of eye, ear, throat, lung, and nasal diseases; Faith Home 
for Incurables (non-infectious), Classon avenue and Park Place, founded in 
1875 ; Orthopedic Dispensary (Brooklyn Hospital), Raymond street and 
DeKalb avenue ; Brooklyn Home for Habitues, 185 Brooklyn avenue, 
founded 1891, for the care of sufferers from opium, chloral, and similar 
vitiating habits ; Long Island Throat and Lung Hospital, 1025 Gates 
av§JJtte, f stabli§he4 i^ 1891, fpr Xh§ treatment of eye, ear, throat, lung and 



UQ CITIZEN GUIDE. 

nasal complaints ; St. Mary Maternity and Female Hospital, Roman Catho- 
I'c, 155 Dean street; St. Martha's Sanitarium, Kingston avenue and Dean 
street, for the treatment of chronic and curable diseases; Wells's Sanitarium., 
945 St. Mark's avenue, a hospital for wom.en suffering from nervous and 
mental diseases. 

Dispensaries. 

The general and many of the special hospitals o": the city maintain 
free dispensaries for the treatment of outdoor patients, in which all persons 
receive attention for ailments or injuries not sufficieixily serious to require 
their confinement m the wards of the hospitals proper. Many other dis- 
pensaries have been established at different points throughout the city for 
the diagnosis of diseases and the dispensing of medicine among the worthy 
poor. Their value it is impossible to over-estimate. Tens of thousands of 
patients who would otherwise go uncared for seek the advice and relief that 
are freely offered to them in this way. In general a small fee is charged for 
the medicine dispensed. This method in part makes the institution self- 
supporting, and removes a barrier to many deserving persons who would 
rather suffer than receive assistance purely gratuitous. In the main, these 
charities are supported by voluntary contributions. In the performance of 
their work they recognize neither creed, color nor nationality. To this class 
belong the following : — Atlantic Avenue Dispensary, 849 Atlantic avenue ; 
Bedford Dispensary, 1754 Fulton street ; Brooklyn Central Dispensary, 29 
Third avenue ; Brooklyn City Dispensary, 11 Tillary street; Brooklyn 
Medical Mission, 412 Van Brunt street and 224 Concord street ; Brooklyn 
Eclectic Dispensary, 142 Prince street ; Brooklyn Homoeopathic Dispensarj^, 
III Cumberland street; Bushwick and East Brooklyn Dispensary, Lewis 
corner Myrtle avenue ; Central Homoeopathic Dispensary, 39 Sumpter 
street ; City Park Dispensary, 302 Concord street ; Dispensar}'- for Women 
and Children, 161 Twenty-second street ; Long Island College Dispensary, 
Pacific street near Henry ; E. D. Homoeopathic Dispensary, 194 South Third 
street ; Gates Avenue Homoeopathic Dispensary, 13 Gates avenue ; Hillside 
Homoeopathic Dispensary, 478 Bergen street ; Helping Hand Dispensary, 
266 Jay street ; Lucretia Mott Dispensary, 315 Atlantic avenue ; Memorial 
Dispensary, 811 Bedford avenue ; Orthopedic Dispensary, DeKalb avenue 
and Raymond street ; Red Hook Medical Dispensary, 412 Van Brunt 
street ; People's Dispensary, 1025 Gates avenue ; and St. Martha's Dis- 
pensary, Dean street and Kingston avenue. 

As an adjunct to these institutions vv^hich dispense advice and medicine 
the Brooklyn Diet Dispensary was established in 1S77, upon a strictly un- 
sectarian basis, for the purpose of suppljdng proper and nutritious food to 
the sick. Last year about 90,000 diets, consisting of milk, beef tea, nutri- 
tious broths and meats were dispensed. This charitable work, inestimable 
in its usefulness, relies for its support chiefly upon voluntary contributions. 
It is under the management of a group of energetic and self-sacrificing 
Brooklyn women. The central dispensary is at 21 DeKalb avenue ; branch 
dispensaries are located at S83 Myrtle avenue, 231 Lorimer street, 86 Dike- 
man street, 39 Sumpter street and 289 Sackett street. 

Ainbiilauces. 

At the principal general hospitals ambulances are kept in constant 
readiness, and may be summoned at any hour of the day or night to any 
part of the city for th§ transfer of accident Qases o:^ cases of non-contagious 



BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS. 147 

diseases to the respective hospitals. Each ambulance is accompanied by a 
hospital surgeon and one or more orderlies. These surgeons carry such 
medicine, instruments and appliances as may be of immediate service to 
the suffering. Ambulances are summoned by police surgeons or ordi- 
nary policemen by means of a certain telegraphic signal from the 
police signal boxes. All hospitals are connected by wire with the 
police stations, and hence these are often the most convenient places from 
which to call an ambulance. Cases of sudden illness, whether in private 
houses or public thoroughfares, if reported to the police will receive prompt 
attention. The Health Department, office in the municipal building, main- 
ta,ins an ambulance corps in connection with the disinfecting bureau. This 
corps is more especially concerned with the removal of patients suffering 
from contagious diseases and their transference to the special hospitals de- 
voted to their care. 

Nurses. 

Brooklyn has not been behind her great sister city, New York, in the 
establishment of training schools for nurses. Such schools have become 
one of the leading features of hospital and general medical practice. In 
these schools the course of study embraces not only a training in the meth- 
ods to be adopted in the sick-room in the administration of medicine and 
relief, but also a thorough study of the composition, nature and action of 
all drugs employed in ordinary medical practice. Trained nurses are filling 
a field at the present day v/hich was formerly occupied, if at all, by the 
devoted mother, sister or friend. Strangers and residents requiring the 
services of such nurses, either male or female, may be furnished with them 
by applying either directly to the schools or through the attending physi- 
cian. The following hospitals maintain training schools for nurses : 
Brooklyn Homoeopathic. 105 Cumberland street ; Brooklyn Maternity, 44 
Concord street; Brooklyn Hospital, DeKalb avenue and Raymond street; 
Long Island College, Henry street, near Pacific; and Memorial Hospital, 
808 Prospect Place. 

Homes for tlie Aged, 

Upwards of a dozen institutions in Brooktyn are devoted to the care of 
aged and infirm persons of both sexes. Some of these institutions are well 
endowed and possess handsome and commodious buildings. 

The Old Ladies' Home is the pioneer institution of this class and was 
founded in 1851 by the co-operation of twenty-six different congregations. 
This home is located at 320 Washington avenue and is devoted to the care 
of aged and indigent w^omen. At present there are about eighty-six in- 
mates. The popular name of the home is the Graham Institution, so called 
in honor of one of its projectors, John B. Graham. It is under the man- 
agement of the Brooklyn Society for the Relief of Respectable Aged Indigent 
Females. Applicants for admission must be over sixty years of age and be 
provided with bedding and furniture for their apartments and pay $100. 

The Brooklyn Home For Aged Men, 745 Classen avenue, is an unsec- 
tarian institution founded in 1878 for indigent men over seventy years 
of age. There are accommodations for about thirty-four inmates. 

Brooklyn Methodist Episcopal Church Home, Park Place and New 
York avenue, was founded in 18S3 and is devoted to the care of infirm men 
over sixty-five years of age who have been members of the Methodist 
Church for ten years. The admission fee is $100. The property, if any, 



148 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

of an intending inmate must be secured to the Home. At present the in- 
mates number about fifty. The institution is under the care of a board of 
lady managers, representative of the M. E. Churches of Brooklyn. 

Brooklyn Home For Aged Colored People, Dean street, near Albany 
avenue, is an unsectarian institution established two 3^ears ago for the care 
of the colored of both sexes over sixty-five years of age. Though unpre- 
tentious in appearance the Home is doing excellent work and will doubt- 
less enlist much sympathy and increasing financial support. 

Church Charity Foundation Society's Home for the Aged, Albany 
near Atlantic avenue, was founded in 1S52 under the auspices of the Pro- 
testant Episcopal Church of Long Island. It was not until 1871 that a sep- 
arate house was provided for the society for this branch of the work. To 
the Home are admitted aged persons of both sexes over sixty-five years of 
age who have been members of the Protestant Episcopal Church. The 
building, which is four stories high, is quite spacious and well adapted to the 
purposes of the Home. At present there are about eighty inmates. The 
Bishop of Long Island is President of the Board of Management of the in- 
stitution, which is in the direct charge of one of the sisterhoods of the Pro- 
testant Episcopal Church. The institution participates in the general en- 
dowment fund of the Society. Eligible persons incapable of providing for 
their own support are admitted, though a regular fee is charged inmates 
who can afford it. 

German Evangelical Home, Chauncey street near Broadway, founded 
in 1878, is an unsectarian institution which provides a home, clothing and 
all other necessary comforts-for persons over sixty years of age. The in- 
stitution was established especially for the aged poor of German nativity. 
Its growth through the past few years has been very marked. There are 
at present upward of 200 inmates. The institution is under the patronage 
and management of the German Evangelical Aid Society, under whose 
auspices its cojnmodious and well appointed home was erected in 1883. 
Intending inmates are required to pay $500, if able; but if not able, they 
pay according to their means. The majority are received entirely without 
monetary consideration. Voluntary subscriptions from the German 
churches and societies are the main source of income. 

Greenfoint Home FoR the Aged, Oak and Guernsey streets, estab- 
lished 1S82, admits persons over sixty years of age who are of the Protest- 
ant faith. Applicants for admission must have been residents of Brooklyn 
for at least five years. The annual dues are $50. The inmates at present 
number about twenty-five. 

Home For the Aged of the Little Sisters of the Poor, Bushwick 
comer DeKalb avenue, estabhshed 1868, is an unsectarian institution under 
the patronage of the Roman CathoHc Church. The building is of brick, three 
stories high, t8o feet by 72 feet, and has accommodations for 275 persons. 
It is well supplied with every contrivance that contributes to the comfort 
of its inmates. A branch of this institution is maintained at Eighth 
avenue and Sixteenth street. Indigent persons over sixty years of age 
are admitted upon presentation of a certificate of good character. In the 
central and branch Homes there are at present about 5 50 inmates, the major- 
ity of whom pay absolutely nothing for the comforts by which they are sur- 
rounded. These institutions are "the largest of their class in Brooklyn, 
and are doing perhaps the most effective work. They are supported by 
voluntary subscriptions. 



BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS. 149 

St. Peter's Home, iio Congress street, is devoted to the care of indi- 
gent Roman Catholics over 40 years of age, and was founded in 1886. 

Wartburg Home for the Aged and Infirm, in Fulton street near Shef- 
field avenue, was established in 1886. This is a Protestant institution for 
the relief of both sexes. Applicants must be at least 65 years of age, and 
be willing to contribute a moderate sum to their own support. At present 
there are about 75 inmates. 

Juvenile Asylums and Schools. 

Thirty-five institutions in Brooklyn are directly devoted to the care and 
education of orphans or indigent children of every age, race or religion. 
Many of these are provided with spacious and handsome buildings, often 
attractive from their architectural design and appropriate surroundings. 

The most noteworthy organizations in this field of work are : — 

The Brooklyn Children's Aid Society, mstituted in 1S86, for the pro- 
tection, care and shelter of friendless and vagrant youth ; and to furnish 
them with food, raiment, lodging, moral, religious and English education, 
and to train them to provide for their own wants. From a very modest be- 
ginning the work of the society has prospered to a wonderful degree, and 
at present it has under its care the following well equipped and progressive 
institutions : — Newsboys' Home, 61 Poplar street, for the shelter and edu- 
cation of homeless boys from 9 to iS years of age ; Industrial School, 61 
Poplar street, and 139 Van Brunt street, for the aid and education of neg- 
lected little children, special attention being given to such work as wiU 
enable them to become capable of self-support ; Children's Nursery, 139 
Van Brunt street, for the care of the infants of working mothers during 
their hours of absence ; Sewing Machine and Hand Sewing School, 61 Pop- 
lar street, for the instruction of girls of all ages in needlework, wath a view 
of equipping them to earn a respectable living ; and the Seaside Home at 
Coney Island, for the recreation, during the summer months, of little ones 
under 12 years of age, who would otherwise have no opportunity of breath- 
ing the fresh air of the seashore or country. About 6,000 children were 
benefited last year by the latter charity. In the other departments about 
1,600 children received instruction and assistance. The society is Protest- 
ant in its organization and management. 

Brooklyn Industrial School Association, was organized in 1854, for 
the care and education of httle boys and girls of Protestant denominations. 
The Association maintains 5 schools, and a home for destitute children. 
The latter is located m StirHng Place near Vanderbilt avenue, and contains 
the principal offices of the Association. In the schools the children are 
taught habits of neatness and order, and are instructed in domestic orders. 
The children are provided, when necessary, with food and clothing, and 
when of a proper age, with employment. Last year about 700 children 
were enrolled. During minority, the institution is empowered with guar- 
dianship rights over its former inmates, and can protect them against the 
abuses of their employers. 

Dominican Home, or German R. C. Orphan Asylum, Montrose and 
Graham avenues, founded 1861, for the shelter and education of R. C. 
orphans of Ge;"man extraction of all ages under 14 years of age. The 
Asylum is connected with Holy Trinity Church, and under the charge of 
the Sisters of St. Dominic. There are at present about 300 inmates. The 
children after passing from the Asylum are indentured to farmers, trades- 
men and others. Wards are received and boarded from the city and 



150 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

country. The buildings are very extensive and well appointed. The cost 
of maintenance is about $90,000. :, ^ -n ^ ^ ^ ur x. a 

Hebrew Orphan Asylum, Ralph avenue and Pacific street, estabhshed 
1 8 70 for the shelter and education of Hebrew children under 15 years of 
a-re The new building of this Institution is undoubtedly the finest and 
best equipped for its special purposes of any in Brooklyn. _ The facade on 
Ralph avenue is 140 feet in length, and is embellished with imposing towers 
and an elaborate entrance. The depth of the building is 26S feet In the 
interior besides the ordinary rooms, are playrooms tor boys and girls, a 
tailor shop, dispensary, swimming baths, and many novel contrivances lor 
the comfort and amusement of the inmates. The building is lighted by 
electricitv and gas, and is heated by steam. Speaking tubes and electrical 
signals connect all the departments with each other, and with the central 
office The danger of fire is obviated by a system of electric alarms. From 
the top of the main tower a magnificent view is had ot the Lower New \ ork 
Bay and the intervening landscape. The cost of maintenance is about 
$30 000 a year. There are at present over 100 inmates. 

The Brooklyn Orphan Asylum, Atlantic avenue and Kingston street, 
organized 1833, is a Protestant Institution for the care and support of 
orphans, from 3 to 12 years of age. This building stands in the centre of 
the asylum grounds, and is a very handsome structure from an architectu- 
ral point of view and from the taste and skiU used in its arrangement it 
may be taken as a model institution. It cost over $250,000, and can ac- 
commodate 450 orphans. Its capacity is _ taxed to the utmost, few if any 
vacancies existing at any time. The institution is supported by an endow- 
ment fund, bequests and voluntary contributions. The asylum is directly 
governed by a committee of lady managers known as the Orphan Asylum 
Society of the City of Brooklyn. The cost of maintenance is about 
$66,000 a year. 

Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum, office 42 Court street, w^as established 
in 1834, for the care of R. C. orphans, and destitute children of both sexes 
from 2 to 16 years of age. The Asylums of the Society are : — St. John's 
Home for Boys, Albany and St. Mark's avenues ; St. Joseph's Asylum for 
Giris, Sumner and Willoughby avenues ; St. Paul's Industrial Schools, 
Congress and Clinton streets, for mothers engaged at worlc during the day. 
Last year the number of children receiving instruction and shelter from 
these institutions was about 2,300. The annual cost of maintaining the 
charity is about $220,000. The largest institution of the society is the St. 
John's Home, which is one of the most extensive and well-appointed asylums 
on Long Island. 

Other Asylums and Societies devoted to the care and instruction of 
orphans and poor children in Brooklyn are -.—Baptist Home of Brooklyn, 
Greene and Throop avenues; Brooklyn Benevolent Society, 84 Amity street; 
Brooklyn Howard Colored Orphan Asvlum, Dean street and Trov avenue ; 
Brooklyn Society for the Prevention of Crueltv to Children, loq Schermer- 
horn street; Convent of the Sisters of Mercv, 273 Willoughby avenue; 
Helping Hand Mission Home for Friendless Girls, 136 Lawrence street ;' 
Holy Innocents Union, 112 Warren street ; Industrial and School Associa- 
tion of the Eastern District, 141 South Third street; -Church Charity 
Foundation Orphan Asylum, Albanv avenue and Herkimer street; St. 
Giles's Home for Cripples, 422 Degfaw street ; St. Joseph's Institute for 
Deaf Mutes, 113 Buffalo avenue : St. Malachi's "Home, Atlantic and 
V^n Sicien avenues ; St, Vincent's Home for Boys, 7 Poplar street ; Society 




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INTEREST ALLOWED ON ALL BALANCES. 

Special and higher rates of interest allowed when Certificates of Deposit are issued payable on demand or 

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This Company is a legal depository for Court and Trust Funds, and is autliorized to act as Administrator, 

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SILAS B DUTCHER, President. ALFRED J. POUCH, Second Vice-President. 

WILLIAM H. LYON, First Vice-President. JOSEi^H B. WHITE, Secretary. 



BOARD OF TRUSTEES. 



William H. Lyon, John Ditmas, Jr., Silas B. Dutcher, Alfred J. Pouch, 

James O. Carpenter, Camden C. Dike, William Berri, William V.R. Smith, 

Charles W. Betts. William Hester, Charles Cooper, Rodney A Ward, 

William H. H. Childs, Henry H. Adams, Timothy L. Woodruff, Milliard F. Smith, 

Henry N. Whitney, John C. JIcGuire, Henry E. Huteliinsou, Leonard Moody, 

Calvin Patterson, William C. Wallace, Harlan P. Halsey, Eugene F. O'Connor. 



Charles Unangst, Counsel. Hon. Noah Davis, Consulting Counsel. 

GERMAN-AMERICAN 

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DIRECTORS : 

HON. FELLX: CAMPBELL, JERE. JOHNSON, Jr., 

GEORGE C. CLAUSEN, JOHN STRaITON, 

JOSEPH F. BLAUT, GEORGE W. QUINTAHD, 

SILAS B. DUTCHER, WILLIAM STEIINWAY, 

JAMES FELLOWS, JOHN A BEYER, 

R. CARMAN COMBES, CHARLES UNANGST, 

W. R. THOMPSON. 

ANDREW L SOULARD, President. AMOS H. THOMPSON, Mgr. for Bklyn. 
5. B, UYINGSTON, Secretary. WILLIAftI WAGNER, Treasurer. 



BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS. 151 

for the Aid of Friendless Women and Children, 20 Concord street ; Union 
for Christian Work, 67 Schermerhorn street. 

Reformatories : — There are five institutions in Brooklyn especially re- 
stricted to the work of reformation, namely : — Home of the Good Shepherd, 
Hopkinson avenue and Pacific street, a Roman Catholic institution, for the 
reformation of women, presided over by the Sisters of the Good Shepherd ; 
Home of Industry, for discharged convicts, 201 Livingston street ; Inebri- 
ates' Home, Fort Hamilton, L. I., an unsectarian institution which cares 
for about 500 persons, annually, at an expense of about $70,000 ; The Way- 
side Home (Protestant), for Girls, 352 Bridge street ; and the Truant Home 
of the City of Brooklyn, Jamaica avenue near Enfield street, maintained in 
connection with the public school svstem. 

Bay x^urseries. 

These worthy charities are distinctly the outgrowth of the exigencies 
of a great city, and are organized for the care of infants and young children 
during the hours of the day when their mothers or guardians are compelled 
to be absent from their homes at work. No charity can appeal more direct- 
ly to the hearts of benevolent persons than does this one. It has relieved 
the anxiety of hundreds of parents and saved the lives of thousands of help- 
less little ones. The little children are instructed in kindergarten schools 
and provided with the means of innocent amusement. In most instances 
a nominal fee, ranging from two to five cents a day, is charged for the care 
of each child. The following are the chief day nurseries in Brooklyn : — 
Brooklyn Children's Aid Society Nursery, 139 Van Brunt street ; Brooklyn 
Nursery and Infant Hospital, 396 Herkimer street ; Bureau of Charities 
Nursery, 69 Schermerhorn street ; St. Christopher's Day Nursery, 124 Law- 
rence street ; and Sheltering Arms Nursery, 157 Dean street. 

General Cliarities. 

There are many societies in Brooklyn which do not confine their work 
to any special field of charity, but apply themselves to the aid of the poor 
or unfortunate in any way that their assistance may be of most service. 
Prominent among such societies are : Brooklyn Association for Improving 
the Condition of the Poor, 104 Livingston street, which afforded last year 
temporary relief in over 50,000 instances of distress; Brooklyn Benevolent 
Society, R. C, 84 Amitv street; Brooklyn Bureau of Charities (described 
elsewhere), 69 Scherme'rhorn street; Church Charity Foundation P. E., 
Atlantic avenue, corner Albany street; German Ladies' Association, 120 
Schermerhorn street; G. A. R. Bureau of ReHef, offices City Hall; City 
Mission Home of Industry and Lodging House for Men, 70 Willoughby 
street; German Evangelical Aid Society, Fairfax street, near Broadway; 
Hebrew Benevolent Society, 272 Dean street and 93 South Ninth street ; 
Ladies' Benevolent Association, Oak and Guernsey streets; Sailors' Coffee 
House, 241-243 York street; St. Phoebe's Mission, DeKalb avenue, opposite 
Fort Greene Place; Society of St. Vincent de Paul, offices 7 Poplar street, 
which maintains twenty-nine conferences in connection with as many 
Roman Catholic churches throughout the city, and dispenses, annually, 
relief to about 2,000 needy persons, without regard to race, creed, or color ; 
State Charities Aid Association, office 157 Montague street; Union for 
Christian Work, 67 Schermerhorn street ; Williamsburgh Benevolent So- 
ciety, 61 Meserole street; German Society of Charities, 271 Vernon avenue; 
Lebanon Mission, 246 Myrtle avenue; Loretto House, 78 Willow street, a 



152 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

home for working women; the Life Line Mission and Home for Sailors, 
410 VanBrunt street. 

Special Cliarities and Humane Societies. 

The Brooklyn institutions which devote themselves to a more or less 
special field of charitable work are as f oUows : Brooklyn Female Employment 
Society, 93 Court street; Brooklyn Flower and Fruit Charity, 195 IMontague 
street; I3rooklyn Society of Decorative Art, 15 Greene avenue; Brooldyn 
Training School and Home for Young Girls, 80 Livingston street; Board- 
ing Department Y.W. C. A., Flatbush avenue; Hospital Saturday and Sun- 
day Association of Brooklyn, 58 Rem.sen street and Garfield building; Nor- 
wegian Rehef Society, Forty-sixth street and Fourth avenue; Red Cross 
Society, 195- Montague street; St. Joseph's Institute for Deaf Mutes, 113 
Buffalo avenue ; Society for the Aid of Friendless Women and Children, 20 
Concord street; the Factor^' Girls' Improvement Club, 872 Bedford avenue; 
Women's Work Exchange and Decorative Art Society, 22 Atlantic avenue; 
Working Women's Vacation Society, 171 South Ninth street. 

Humane Societies having offices in Brooklyn are: American Society 
for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 416 Fulton street ; and the Brook- 
lyn Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, 105 Schermerhorn 
street. 

Besides the relief afforded by the many charitable institutions enume- 
rated or briefly described in this chapter, a vast amount of benevolent work 
is carried on by the societies and guilds of the various denominations, in- 
dependent churches, evangelical unions and missions. There are also a 
number of clubs for working boys and girls throughout the city. 



CHUI^CHES. 



Th6ir Historical Associations — Choirs and Church Music — The Leading 
Preachers — List and Location of Churches. 



The City of Brooklyn has been for several decades almost as widely and 
well known as the "City of Churches" as by its proper title. This desig- 
nation, complimentary to the religious devotionalism of its inhabitants was 
more strictly true some years since than at the present day. The change 
has been brought about by very natural causes. A large foreign popula- 
tion, careless of their religious duties, has crowded within the boundaries of 
the great cit5^ and although the number of churches has regularly increas- 
ed, the increase has not been proportionate to the growth of population. 
Still, however, its right to the title cannot be disputed by its sister New 
York, in which there is to be found church acccommodation for but one- 
sixth of its inhabitants, while m Brooklyn the ratio is double. 

There are in Brooklyn 411 churches and chapels with an aggregate 
seating capacity of about 309,000 or about one seat to every three of the 
population. The value of the church property is about $25,187,400. 

There are many congregations in which foreign languages are spoken, 
notably, German, Swedish and Italian. Brooklyn possesses very handsome 
church buildings, and when the new Cathedral, now in the course of erec- 
tion, is completed the city will be able to boast of one of the finest ecclesias- 
tical edifices on the continent. The Brooklyn Tabernacle, at the comer of 
Clinton and Greene avenues, is the most spacious church in either of the 
two cities. 

Parallel with the title of Brooklyn as the "City of Churches" has 
gone forth her fame, world wide, as the city of eloquent preachers. From 
the pulpit of the old Plymouth (Congregational) Church, in Orange street, 
went forth those ever to be remembered utterances of Henry Ward 
Beecher that thrilled the nation before and during the time of the great 
Civil War. Here the great divine continued to preach for upward of forty 
years to congregations made up of admirers from almost every quarter of the 
English speaking world. The Church of the Pilgrims \ Congregational) has 
long been famous on account of the scholarship and classic eloquence of its 
distinguished pastor, the Rev. Richard S. Storrs, D.D. The Brooklyn Tab- 
ernacle (Presbyterian) has vied with Spurgeon's Tabernacle in London in at- 
tracting vast audiences to listen to the eloquence and wisdom of the Rev. Dr. 
T. De Witt Talmage, than whom perhaps no living preacher enjoys a wider 
reputation. His published sermons are circulated and read throughout the 
English-speaking world. The auditorium of the Tabernacle seats over 4,000 
persons and the membership is nearly 7,500. 

The denomination having the oldest organization in Brooklyn is the 
Reformed (Dutch) Church of America, which maintained undisputed sway 



154 CITIZEN GUIDE, 

over the religious lite of Brooklyn and neighboring towns for fully 125 years 
after the foundation of the first church. In 1776 the Protestant Episcopal 
Church began to share with it in the spiritual guidance of the people. The 
architectural features of the Brooklyn churches are described in another 
chapter. Brief notices of the leading denominations are hereby given : 

The Reformed (Dutch) Church. — The church history of Brooklyn, or 
rather of Long Island, began as early as the year 1654, when the good people 
of the then small villages of Breuckelen, and Midwout (Flatbush) grew 
weary of journeying to the distant town of New Amsterdam, across the East 
River, for their religious mstruction. In that year the first church within 
the present limits of Brooklyn was established under the pastorate of one 
Dominie Megapolensis. The first church edifice cost about $1,800, less than 
one tenth of which was raised by the inhabitants of Long Island, the rest 
being contributed by the other Dutch church communities of the state. This 
edifice stood on the site of the present Reformed church of Flatbush. The 
"Old Bushwick," opposite Conselyea street, was surrounded by a stockade, 
behind which the people frequently took refuge during the Indian troubles. 
The building was octagonal in form and a steep roof terminating in a bel- 
fry, the whole resembling a hay-stack in form and was called the "Bee 
Hive." The congregation furnished themselves with benches and chairs 
until 1795, when a gallery was built and the ground floor was furnished with 
pews. A part of the communion service still bears the date of 1708. The 
present church was erected in 1829 and renovated in 1876. 

In 1666 the first church in old Brooklyn proper was erected in the mid- 
dle of the highway, now Fulton street near Lawrence street. It stood for 
just one hundred years, when it was pulled down and replaced by a second 
larger though very gloomy and unpretentious church on the same site — a 
location convenient for the Dutch villagers of Gowanus, Red Hook, Bedford, 
Cripple Bush and Wallabout. The lineal descendant of this church is the 
present First Reformed, at Seventh avenue corner of Carroll street, now 
under the pastorate of the Rev. James M. Farrar, D. D. This congregation 
has still in use a portion of the communion service presented to the church 
by Maria Badda, in 1684. The original Dutch records of the church were 
made by Selyns, the first dominie, in 1666 and are still preserved. All the 
other churches in Brooklyn of this denomination have been founded during 
the present century, and are descendants or off-shoots of the foregoing. The 
largest of the present churches are the First (Dr. Farrar's), Bedford avenue 
(E. D.), Kent street, Greenpoint, the Heights, South (Dr. Bergen's), Old Bush- 
wick, South Bushwick and Twelfth street churches. The property of the Re- 
formed churches in Brooklyn is valued at about $1,150,000, and the number 
of its communicants about 5,500. There are in all about 18 different con- 
gregations. 

The Protestant Episcopal Church. — No exact date can be given for 
the establishment of this denomination in Brooklyn, although some tradi- 
tions assert that the first services were held in 1766; reliable data, however, 
is wanting, to prove these statements. In 1774 the project was set on foot 
to found a church but failed. During the Revolutionary period, however, 
the Rev. James Sayes, a Church of England clergyman, was stationed in 
Brooklyn, and his successor in 1784, the Rev. George Wright, began to hold 
regular services in the house of Garrett Rapalje on Fulton street near 
Front. Soon afterwards the little congregation, which assembled ordinarily 
at private residences, removed their place of worship to a barn, owned by a 
certain John Middagh, at the corner of Fulton, Henry and Poplar streets, 



CHURCHES. 155 

and then soon afterwards to an old British Barrack, at the corner of Fulton 
and Middagh streets. Not long after this a meeting house, which was 
erected for an independent preacher, who was unsuccessful, came into the 
possession of one of Mr. Wright's parishioners, by whom it was transferred 
to the little Episcopal congregation. This became the first fixed home of 
Episcopalism in Brooklyn, and was consecrated by Bishop Provost in 1787. 
After reorganization in 1795, the church was incorporated under the name 
of St. Ann's Church in honor of Mrs. Ann Sands, who, with her husband, 
Joshua Sands, were the most liberal patrons of the new church. Three 
years later a stone edifice was built at the corner of Sands and Washington 
streets, which was so injured by a powder mill explosion in 1808 that the 
erection of a new building was deemed necessary. The new church was 
consecrated in 1825, and was the home of the congregation until 1867, 
when the foundation stone of the present handsome church at the corner 
of Clinton and Livingston streets was laid. This latter edifice has cost 
^400,000, and is the most commodious church of this denomination in 
Brooklyn, having seating capacity for about 1,756 persons. St. Ann's is the 
pioneer of all the other Protestant Episcopal Churches in Brooklyn. The 
next oldest church is St. John's, founded in 1827, at the corner of Washing- 
ton and Johnson streets, now located at Seventh avenue and St. John's 
Place. Christ Church, at Clinton and Harrison streets, organized in 1837, 
was the direct offshoot of old St. Ann's. St. Mary's Church on Classon 
and Willoughby avenues is the next in point of age, having been es- 
tablished in 1836. Calvary Free Church, founded in Pearl street near Con- 
cord, was the parent of the present Holy Trinity at Montague and Clinton 
streets, in that a large portion of its congregation, its founder, rector, or- 
ganist, choir and sexton, all became connected with the latter m the same 
capacity in 1S49. Holy Trinity is one of the finest church edifices on Long 
Island. The names of Mr. and Mrs. Edgar Bartow are inseparably con- 
nected with the organization of this magnificent church, as it was to their un- 
tiring energy and generosity that the church owed not only its beginning 
but its present handsome building. 

Besides the above the most prominent and influential churches of this 
denomination in Brookl}^ are Christ, (E. D.), Grace Church on the Heights, 
Messiah, St. James's, St. Luke's, St. Mark's, St. Peter's (Dr. Haskin's) and 
St. Matthew's. The Cathedral for the diocese of Long Island is situated 
at Garden City, and is the most unique specimen of Gothic architecture on 
the island. The exterior of the building is of brown stone, and the interior 
of polished white marble. The organ is one of the most perfect m the 
country. Artistically wrought bronze is very largely used in the finishing 
of the church. In the crvpt are said to He the remains of the merchant prince 
Alexander T. Stewart, by whose generosity the cathedral was erected and 
endowed at a cost of about $2,000,000. The number of Protestant Episco- 
pal churches in Brooklyn is 45, and the value of their property over $3,500,- 
000. The number of communicants is about 20,000. 

The Congregational Churches. — Closely folloA\'ing the establishment of 
the Episcopal churches, came the foundation of the first " Independent 
Meeting House" in 1785. This building stood in what was the old Episco- 
pal burying ground, in Fulton street. Through dissension in the congrega- 
tion, the services were discontinued and the church was bought by an Epis- 
copalian, and became the first regular home of that denomination, as stated 
above. Congregationalism, after this unfortunate beginning, was not re- 
vived for about sixty years, when the Church of the Pilgrims, Henry 



156 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

street comer Remsen street, was organized in 1844. Two years later the 
Rev. Richard Salter Storrs, Jr. , the present pastor, was called to the young 
church. Since that time the progress of the church in numbers and infivi- 
ence has been uninterrupted. This church has been the centre of a very 
great religious work in Broold3m, and was parent to the perhaps more noted 
Plymouth Church, founded by nine members from Dr. Storrs' congregation 
in June, 1S47. The latter church stands upon a piece of ground in Orange 
street, purchased in 1823 a3 a building site for the First Presbyterian Church, 
when Brooklyn Heights was nothing but cultivated fields. The building 
which stood upon this plot was purchased by John T. Howard, of the Church 
of the Pilgrims, and on Sunday evening, June 13, 1S47, Plymouth Church was 
duly organized. On the following evening, the late Henry Ward Beecher 
was unanimously elected pastor, and commenced his work in October of 
the same year. Two years later the edifice was damaged by fire but v/as 
rebuilt and ready for occupancy/- in 1S50. The building, which is a plain 
brick structure with gable roof, is one of the largest in the city, and accom- 
modates in all about 2,500 persons. Mr. Beecher continued as the pastor of 
this church until his decease March 8, 1887. It is impossible to estimate the 
influence that the preaching of this divine had upon the religious thought of 
this country. During the last thirty years of his life there was perhaps no 
more prominent figure in Christendom than his. The Rev. Lyman Abbott 
is the present pastor of the church. The other Congregational churches in 
Brooklyn are practically the outgrowth of the religious activity of these 
two churches. The value of the church property of this denomination in 
Brooklyn is about $2,000,000, and the number of congregations 28. The 
leading churches are the Central, Church of the Pilgrims, Clinton avenue, 
Lee avenue, Plymouth, South and Tompkins avenue. 

The Methodist Episcopal Church. — The first Methodist sermon ever 
heard in Brooklyn was preached by Thomas Webb, a captain of the Brit- 
ish Army, in 1768. In 1787 the Rev. Woodward Hickson preached the 
second sermon from a barrel top which he mounted as a pulpit in front of the 
First Sands Street Methodist Church. In May, 1794, the old Sands Street 
Church was organized. The first congregation numbered about twenty- 
three white and twelve colored people. Joseph Totten was the first 
preacher. One of the first trustees of this church was Joseph Harper, 
grandfather of the Harper Brothers, publishers, who came from England in 
1740. An entry in Mr. Harper's record of the church recalls some of the 
conveniences of the churches of this date. " Resolved — that the sexton be 
instructed to have the church open and candles lighted at a quarter of an 
hour before the meeting begins and to see that the boys make no disturb- 
ances; also, that on dark nights when there is a public meeting to light the 
lamp at the church door." 

In 1810 a new church' was built which served until 1844, when a larger 
edifice was dedicated; this latter building was destroyed by fire in 1S48 and 
another church building was erected and used by the church members un- 
til the edifice was sold to make way for the bridge extension, and then a 
new and much more comfortable church was erected at the corner of Clark 
and Henry streets, and is now known as the Sands Street Memorial. This 
is the parent church of Methodism in Brooklyn, and many of the other 
churches of this denomination are its direct offspring. All the other 
societies have been founded since 1849. The largest and most influential 
churches of this denomination are the New York Avenue, St. John's, Simp- 
son, Nostrand Ave. , Grace, Hanson Place and Janes. Forty-nine churches, of 



CHURCHES. 157 

which six are colored, belong to this denomination. The value of the church 
property is about $2,500,000, the membership about ig,ooo. Three other 
forms of Methodism prevail in Brooklyn, Primitive, Free, and Methodist 
Protestant; of the former there are four congregations; one in the Free, 
and two in the Methodist Protestant, 

The Roman Catholic Church. — Previous to 1822 the Roman Catholic 
inhabitants of Brooklyn were compelled, for religious instruction, to cross 
the East River to New York to attend St. Peter's Church in Barclay street, 
at that time the only organized place of worship of this denomination in 
the southern portion of the State. It is recorded that mass was first cele- 
brated in Brooklyn on the north east corner of York and Gold streets, in 
the residence of William Purcell, the Rev. Philip Larissey officiating. In 
January "of 1822 a project was set on foot to build a church, and a site was 
offered at the corner of Court and Congress streets, but was decli ned on ac- 
count of its remoteness from the town. Two months later the foundation 
of St. James', the first church, was laid at the corner of Jay and Chapel 
streets, and the building was dedicated in August of the next year. So 
meagre were the resources of the new church that for some time they were 
unable to secure the services of a resident pastor. In 1853 Roman Catholic 
churches on Long Island had become so numerous from this small begin- 
ning at St. James', that the island was erected into a diocese by the author- 
ities at Rome, and the late Very Rev. John Loughlin was appointed the 
first Bishop of Brooklyn. The venerable St. James' Church has since that 
time constituted the pro-cathedral of the diocese. 

The second Roman Catholic Church was erected in 1836 on the plot at 
the corner of Piatt and Congress streets, originally offered to the projec- 
tors of the first. The next church in order of age was the Church of the 
Assumption at York corner of Jay streets, originally founded as an inde- 
pendent church, but being abandoned was purchased by the orthodox 
Catholics and dedicated in 1842. About the time of the foundation of the 
last church, Holy Trinity Parish was organized and a church erected in 
Montrose avenue near Ewen street, E. D., for the German Catholics. The 
first edifice, which was used until 1882, has been replaced by a handsom.e 
stone church in Gothic style of the 13th century which stands as an arch- 
itectural ornament to that section of the city. There are upwards of 2,000 
scholars in attendance upon the schools connected with this church. St. 
Patrick's, formerly known as the Wallabout Chapel, corner of Kent and 
Willoughby avenues, was one of the earliest churches m eastern Brooklyn. 
St. Mary's Star of the Sea, Court street cor. of Luquer, was dedicated in 
1855, and is one of the most spacious church edifices in the city, having 
seating capacity for 2,000 persons. So rapid was the growth of Roman 
Catholicism during the years from 1822 to 1872 in Brooklyn that no less 
than twelve new churches were dedicated. 

The largest and most influential Roman CathoHc churches as well as 
the finest from an architectural view, are St. John's Chapel, St. John the 
Baptist, St. Joseph's, St. Agnes', St. Anthony's, St. Augustine's, Holy 
Trinity, St. Paul's, St. Vincent de Paul's, St. Peter's, St. Patrick's, St. 
Stephen's, The Nativity, The Sacred Heart, Our Lady of Good Counsel and 
St. Mary Star of the Sea. All told there are 61 churches and 15 chapels 
within the city limits, representing a value of $7,000,000. The parishioners 
number about 244,000. 

The Presbyterian Church.— Presbyterianism was not established in 
Brooklyn until about the year 1822. The First Presbyterian church 



158 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

stood on the site of the present Plymouth Church on Orange street, 
and was organized and admitted to the Presbytery of New York when 
it could boast of but ten members. The hrst minister was Rev. 
Joseph Sanford, who was installed in October, 1823. From this small be- 
ginning the church grew rapidly. In 1846 the foundation of the present 
noble edifice of this society was laid in Henry street, near Clark, and the 
old place of worship in Cranberry street was sold to the projectors of the 
Pljj-mouth Church. The second Presbyterian Church was organized in 
1831, by dissenting members from the First church. Their first home was 
in Adams street, near Concord, but subsequently they erected a brick 
church in Clinton, near Fulton street, where they continued to prosper 
until 1870, when they were consolidated without change of name, with the 
Third Presbyterian Church. In 1882 this church absorbed the Clinton 
Street Church, but continued to worship in its own building. Undoubtedly 
the most famous of all the Presbyterian churches in Brooklyn is the Taberna- 
cle, founded in 1S34, in a school-room in Prince street. This church did not 
rise in prominence until 186S, when its present pastor. Rev. T. De Witt Tal- 
mage, was installed as its head. When Dr. Talmage was called the church 
had dwindled almost to extinction by reason of transferences and dissensions. 
The congregation was then occupying a building on Schermerhorn street, 
near Nevins, which in 1870 gave place to the famous Tabernacle, which had 
a seating capacity for about 3,000 people. Two years later this edifice was 
destroyed by fire, but it was immediately rebuilt on a larger scale and ded- 
icated in 1S74. The new building was Gothic in its style of architecture 
and accommodated about 5,000 persons. Here for sixteen years Dr. Tal- 
mage conducted the services and vied with Henry Ward Beecher in attract- 
ing' vast audiences, the equal of which could perhaps not be found on the 
continent. Unfortunately in 1S90 this building, too, was destroyed by fire, 
and on account of the encroachment of business upon this section of the 
city, the new Tabernacle was erected on Greene avenue, comer Clinton. 
The architecture of the Tabernacle is described elsewhere. The Taberna- 
cle contains one of the largest organs in the world. 

Another Presbyterian church is that on Lafayette avenue, corner Ox- 
ford street, founded in 1857. This church was made famous by the preach- 
ing of the Rev. Theodore L. Cuyler, D. D., who enjoys a very wide repute 
as a powerful worker in the cause of temperance and Sunday schools. 
His published sermons and books have had a very extended circulation. 
The auditorium of the church accommodates 2,300 people. The other 
prominent Presbyterian churches in Brooklyn are the South Third Street, 
Memorial, Ross Street, Throop Avenue, and Westminster. The church 
property is valued at $2,000,000, and the membership about ig,ooo. 

The Baptist Church. — The first record of Baptist services in Brook- 
lyn was in 1822, VN^hen, during the prevalence of yellow fever in New York, 
two Baptist refugees finding some of their denomination in Brooklyn, be- 
gan to hold services in private houses. These meetings greatly increased 
in regularity and influence until in 1S23 they began to occupy a little church 
of their own in State street, near Hoyt. This building, the cradle of the 
Baptist denomination in Brooklyn, is at present occupied by the Jewish 
congregation of Beth Elohim. The successor of this early church is the 
present First Baptist Church in Pierrepont Street. This Society has no 
church to worship in at present, having sold their edifice. Other congre- 
gations rapidly grew up around the parent church, and to-day within the 
city limits there are thirty-nine congregations, holding about $2,000,000 




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worth, of property and enrolling about 15,000 members. The principal 
Baptist churches are: Calvary, Emmanuel, Greenwood, Hanson Place, 
Marcy Avenue, Strong Place, Washington Avenue, Greene Avenue, 
First (E. U.) and Central. 

The Lutheran Church. — The German residents in Brooklyn began to 
hold services in their own language at the Brooklyn Institute in 1843. The 
first Lutheran church was erected in Schermerhorn street near Court. The 
present German Evangelical Church occupies the site of the first building, 
and is still one of the largest and most influential churches of this denomina- 
tion in Brooklyn. The Lutherans have increased in number very rapidly, 
so that now their churches number 28, and represent a value of $1,250,000. 
The membership is nearly 13,000. The principal churches are: The Ger- 
man Evangelical, St. Mark's, St. Peter's and Zion. 

Judaism. — The first Jewish synagogue was established in Brooklyn in 
1856. It is occupied by the congregation of Baith Israel and stands at 
Boerum Place corner State street. At present there are nine Jewish tem- 
ples in the city. A large number of Jews cross to New York to worship in 
the more fashionable synagogues of the metropolis. The places of v^^orship 
attended by the Jews are denominated synagogues (gathering places) or 
temples. The former is a very ancient term, as applied to places where 
Hebrews worship, but the latter is more modern in its application, due to 
the latter-day idea that every house of worship is as sacred as was the 
temple of Solomon. Any person may gain admittance to the temples and 
synagogues by conforming to the customs prevailing in the one attended. 
Some temples have a similar decorum to that observed in most churches, 
hats being removed and the pews being occupied by families. In others, 
the head should remain covered, the men go downstairs, the women go 
upstairs. The language employed in the services is mostly Hebraic, while 
in some temples the English and German tongues are spoken, with com- 
paratively few Hebrew prayers. The services in the temples are conducted 
by a Cantor called Hazan, the sermon being delivered by the Rabbi. The 
large choirs in the handsome temples play no inconsiderable part in enhanc- 
ing the solemnity and beauty of the service. Notwithstanding the apparent 
divergences in their modes of worship, the Jews are as one in most of their 
doctrine, especially in that the unity of God is emphasized in high and low 
sects, small and large, orthodox and reformed, synagogue and temple alike. 

Smaller Denominations. — Besides the denominations sketched above, 
the following are represented by several churches or places of worship in 
Brooklyn. The German Evangelical Association, the Reformed and the 
United Presbyterians and the Reformed Episcopalians. 

Unitarians and Universalists. — The Unitarians were established as 
early as 1842 and have four churches, the principal of which is the Church 
of the Saviour. The Universalists date from 1845 and have six churches, 
the principal one being the Church of Our Father. 

Miscellaneous Churches. — In Brooklyn there are 26 miscellaneous 
church societies, and these exert in the aggregate a very wide and benefi- 
cent influence upon the cosmopolitan population of this city. Many of them 
are exceedingly active in the City Mission field. 

The Sunday Schools. — Brooklyn has long been noted for the size, num- 
ber and influence of its Sunday Schools, which have recently been bound 
together in the Sunday School Union. There are in all 289 Protestant Sab- 
bath Schools in this city, with 10,751 teachers and about 102,000 scholars. 
These institutions very naturally act as feeders to the great churches. 



160 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

The religious work in Brooklyn is not limited to the churches proper, 
but is carried on aggressively by Evangelical, Missionary, Bible, Tract, 
Helping Hand, and other kindred societies. The special efforts of these 
subsidiary organizations are directed toward the moral elevation of the 
poorer classes who crowd many sections of the city. Various means are 
used to attract to their places of meeting those who through carelessness, 
poverty, or criminal lives have little by little drifted beyond the pale of 
religious influences. Lecture courses, libraries, schools, reading rooms, 
reading clubs, gymnasia, bowling alleys, indoor amusements, and a great 
variety of other special and general charities have been provided as aids to 
the important end of moral reclamation. 

The Young Men's Christian Association, founded in 1853, is one of 
the most active agencies of evangelical work in Brooklyn. The Association 
building is at 502 Fulton street, comer Bond, and was erected in 1885 at a 
cost of $300,000. It is a spacious and exceedingly'- comfortable edifice and 
well equipped for the use it subserves. It contains a circulatmg library of 
over 12,000 volumes and a large reference library, two large lecture rooms, 
a reading room supplied with over 300 magazines and newspapers, an ex- 
cellent gymnasium, a running track, swimming tanks and shower baths, 
bowling alleys and many rooms for the convenience of chess and checker 
clubs. The Amateur Photographic League of the Association are accommo- 
dated with a room especially adapted to their use. The membership em- 
braces 2,000 young men. Twenty branches of study are embraced in the 
educational department; between 700 and 800 men are enrolled in the even- 
ing classes. There are six branches, located as follows: Bedford branch, 420 
Gates avenue; Eastern branch, 131 S. 8th street; Long Island College 
League, Long Island College Building; Prospect Park branch, 362 gth street; 
26th Ward branch, Pennsylvania avenue, and a German branch at 10 
Graham avenue. 

The Young Women's Christian Association, a sister institution to the 
above, was organized in 1888 and carries on a work similar in its utility and 
comprehensiveness. The building of the Association, Schermerhorn street 
at the corner of Flatbush avenue, was formally opened November i, 1892, 
and is an imposing seven story structure of brick and terra cotta. The in- 
terior appointments of the building are unexceptionable; the reception 
rooms are artistically decorated and every possible convenience and comfort 
is provided for members and visitors. Eighteen class-rooms are set apart 
for the educational work of the Association. The main auditorium has a 
seating capacity for 600, besides which there are assembly rooms seating 400. 
The library contains over 5,000 volumes and there is annexed to it an excel- 
lent reading room. The gymnasium is complete in its equipment and is 
provided with a running track and needle baths. The total membership is 
about 3,000. The Association is strictly non-sectarian. . 

Churcli Music in Brooklyn. 

The fame of Brooklyn as the City of Churches is founded in no small 
degree upon the fact of the artistic excellence and completeness of what is, 
next after the preaching, the most essential element in a well-rounded and 
impressive form of religious service, whether primitive, ecclesiastical or 
ritualistic — its church music. Nor is this cardinal characteristic confined 
to any particular denomination, but it is shared in alike by the congrega- 
tions of the Mother Church of Rome, those of the Catholic and Apostolic 
Protestant Episcopal Communion, and that greater body of so-called 



CHURCHES. , 161 

Dissenters, whose congregations constitute the majority of the church 
going community. 

Brooklyn for many years enjoyed the distinction of being the nursery 
for church singers. Some of the most famous of the boy choristers known 
to the musical world were born and bred in the City of Churches. The 
membership of the original surpliced choir of the Dr. Henry Stephen Cut- 
ler, at old Trinity, New York city — the forerunner of the all-pervading 
vested choir of boys, men and women of the present — was made up 
almost exclusively of Brooklyn boys, several of whom are now holding 
prominent ]3ositions, either as rectors of parishes, organists and choirmas- 
ters, or soloists of church choirs in this city. 

Of the forty-three Protestant Episcopal churches in the city of Brook- 
lyn, twenty-three maintain vested choirs of boys and men, while the twen- 
ty-fourth, St. Peter's, (State street, near Bond,) has followed the lead of the 
parishes of St. Ignatius', All Souls' and St. George's in the diocese of New 
York, and remforced the male choristers with women singers, who are also 
vested. In point of date of organization St. Mary's (Classon and Willough- 
by avenues) is entitled to take precedence among the churches of the Epis- 
copal communion in the matter of vested choirs. St. Mary's is a free 
church, in which respect it has long been unique in its denomination. Its 
choir was originally modelled after that of the parent organization in Trin- 
ity parish. New York, and the high standard estabHshed by the late Wm. 
A. M. Diller has been consistently maintained. 

St. James', although one of the latest to make the change from the 
mixed-voice quartette and choms to the vested choir, ranks among the lead- 
ing churches musically, While the services are not intended to measure 
up to the recognized cathedral standard, the modern English school is ade- 
quately represented in the works of Stainer, Bamby, Tours, Sullivan and 
kindred composers. St. Ann's-on-the-Heights, after many transitions, pro- 
vides what is to all intents and purposes one of the most comprehensive 
and satisfying examples of the choral service, pure and simple, the instru- 
mental accompaniment to which is of uncommon merit. Grace-on-the- 
Heights, which appropriates as much money for the support of its vested 
choir as any other Episcopal church in the diocese of Long Island, sets out 
programmes of a somewhat lighter character, the medium between the ca- 
thedral and the modern schools of church music being fairly well preserved, 
while prominence is given to the works of American composers. 

Among other vested choirs calling for special recognition are those of 
the Church of the Redeemer, St. Luke's, the Messiah (Greene and Cler- 
mont avenues), St. George's, All Saints', St. Paul's in Clinton street, St. 
Bartholomew's, St. Mark's (Bedford avenue), St. Mark's (Adelphi street) 
St. John's, the Atonement, St. Stephen's, St. Matthew's, and the Church 
of the Good Shepherd. The field offered for the display of brilliant music 
in the carrying out of the " high church," or ritualistic form of service, is 
illustrated to the fullest extreme in St. Martin's Church, President and 
Smith streets. 

Particularly conspicuous among the churches of this denomination for 
classicality, artistic worth, and the sLateliness of its musical service is 
Holy Trinity at Clinton and Montague streets. It is not commonly known that 
the venerable rector of the parish, the Rev. Dr. Chas. H. Hall, is a violin virtu- 
oso, and as brilliant a performer on the instrument which in the hands of the 
giants of the musical world, from Paganini to Sarasate, has proved itself 
king of the orchestra, as he is able and eloquent as a pulpit expounder of 



162 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

theological dogma and doctrine; yet such is the fact. There is entire accord, 
consequently, between the chancel and the choir loft, with the result 
that the ripe culture and scholarly ability of Mr. Dudley Buck is 
afforded opportunity for the broadest exemplification of much of the music 
so admirably performed at Holy Trinity by the quartet and chorus 
choir, while the product of the pen of Mr. Buck, who enjoys the repute of 
being one of the most prolific composers of church music in this or any 
other country, is sung from the original manuscript, the fact of the works 
not having been published rendering them all the more valuable. Striking 
examples of this nature, which constitute in themselves a liberal education 
in the art of adaptation, are the Te Deums arranged by Mr. Buck from 
Mendelssohn's magnificent oratorio of " Elijah " and the ' God, Thou Art 
Great," Cantata of Spohr. 

At the Church of the Redeemer, one of the leading features of the 
musical services is the scholarly quality of the .selections and the finish and 
careful attention to detail with which they are performed. The organist 
and choirmaster here is Mr. Edward J. Fitzhugh, to whose self denying 
labors in the cause of good music the music lovers of Brooklyn are indebted, 
more than to any other individual, for the knowledge of what is possible to 
be attained in the matter of perfection of mixed-voice part-singing. 

Noteworthy Episcopal churches having quartet and chorus choirs in 
combination are Christ, Clinton street; Grace, Conselyea street; Christ, 
Bedford avenue; Calvary, Marcy avenue, and St. Barnabas, Bushwick 
avenue. 

The Reformed Episcopal Church of the Reconciliation, Jefferson 
and Nostrand avenues, has a mixed voice quartet, and the only colored 
Protestant Episcopal church in Brooklyn, St. Augustine's, Canton street 
between Myrtle and Park avenues, has a surpliced choir of thirty voices. 

In the churches of the Roman Catholic communion, with hardly an 
exception, impressiveness of ecclesiastical and musical display go hand in 
hand. Representative churches in the several sections of the city may be 
briefly mentioned without attempt being made at classification in order of 
merit. The Church of St. Charles Borromeo, Sidney Place, celebrated for 
the brilliancy of its festival services, has a capable quartet and organist. 
At St. Patrick's, Kent and Willoughby avenues, where Bernard O'Reilly 
is the organist and choirmaster, brilliant masses and vesper services can be 
enjoyed. 

One of the best-known of the resident composers of Brooklyn is the 
organist and musical director of the Church of St. Agnes, Hoyt and Degraw 
streets, and the works of John M. Loretz are consequently conspicuous 
among the selections intrusted to the interpretation of the group of com- 
petent soloists constituting the quartet choir. It is at the Church of St. 
Stephen, Summit and Hicks streets, however, that the unique in church 
music is provided, male voice and Gregorian masses being not infrequently 
a feature of the services. 

St. Peter's Church, Warren and Hicks streets, celebrated under the 
pastorate of the lamented Father Francioli for musical enterprise, has a 
quartet and a chorus choir of twenty voices, and continues to maintain its 
excellent repute. Churches other than those already named having claims 
to particular merit or consideration are St. John's Chapel, Greene and 
Clermont avenues; St. Paul's, Court and Congress streets; the Nativity, 
Classon avenue and Monroe street; St. Augustine's, Sixth avenue and 
Stirhng Place; Sacred Heart, Clermont near Park avenue; the Transfigur- 



CHURCHES. 163 

ation, Hooper street and Marcy avenue; Immaculate Conception of the 
Blessed Virgin Mary, Leonard and Maujer streets; Sts. Peter and Paul, 
Wythe avenue near So. Second street; St. Anthony of Padua's, Greenpoint; 
St. James Pro-Cathedral, Jay street; Holy Trinity (German), Montrose 
avenue; Our Lady of Mercy, Debevoise Place; and Holy Name, Kinth 
avenue and Prospect Place. 

In the lifetime of the " Old Man Eloquent," the Congregational denomi- 
nation absorbed all that was worth while in church music in the estimation 
of strangers visiting the city of Brooklyn for the first time, to whom the 
be-all and end-all in that direction was the glorious congregational singing 
in Plymouth Church. When Henry Ward Beecher said, in the quiet, con- 
versational tone in which he was wont to address his monster congrega- 
tions, "Let us sing and play ' Zundel,'" a tremendous wave of melody 
went up. Plymouth counts among its musical forces of the current period 
a quartet of solo-trained Sunday school children for use on special festival 
occasions which are under the direction of Chas. H. Morse, Mus. Bac, as 
organist and choirmaster. 

A disposition toward a ritualistic form of musical worship is plain- 
ly apparent in the churches of the Congregational as well as those of other 
Protestant denominations. Notable instances of this tendency are to be met 
within the Church of the Pilgrims ; the Central Church, Hancock street, with its 
double quartet and chorus; the Clinton avenue, the membership of whose 
admirable quartet recalls pleasurable recollections of the famous English 
Glee Club; the New England, Tompkins avenue. South and Puritan 
Churches. 

Not the least of the attractions of the Tabernacle wherein the Rev. Dr. 
Talmage holds forth is the brilliant organ playing of Henry Eyre Browne 
and the valvular pyrotechnics of Peter Ali, the cornetist. The congrega- 
tion do the singing. In sharp contrast with the musical service here is that 
of the Layafette Avenue Presbyterian Church, where a carefully trained 
quartet and chorus choir furnish the music under the direction of the organ- 
ist of the church, John Hyatt Brewer. Once in every month, save during 
the vacation period, a Sunday evening praise service is given here at which 
the works of the masters are performed. 

At the First Presbyterian Church in Henry street, where the presiding 
genius is Mr. R. Huntington Woodman, the dilettant in sacred music, the 
vogue is in the matter of selections and interpretation, the quartet being re- 
miniscent of the Manuscript Society of New York. Professional and semi- 
professional singers, favorably known to the local concert stage, are also to 
be met with in the quartet choirs of the Second, Clinton and P.emsen streets; 
the Throop Avenue, Westminster, Ross Street, Memorial and Classen 
Avenue Presbyterian churches. 

The musical services in the Methodist Episcopal Churches, originally of 
the plainest and most primitive character, have kept pace with the 
progress of the times. Fleet street. First Place and South Second street 
adhere to the volunteer chorus choir; in the DeKalb Avenue Church the 
congregation is led in its devotions by organ and cornet, but in the old 
York street, Summerfield, St. John's, Simpson, Janes, Hanson Place, 
Grace, Seventh Avenue, Sumner Avenue and Nostrand Avenue churches 
the quartet choir is the vogue, and the music is of a high order of merit, 
Hanson Place Church has in addition a chorus of fifty voices. 

In the Baptist denomination the beautiful Emmanuel Church at La- 
fayette avenue and St. James Place, which owes it being largely to the benefi- 



164 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

cence of the late Chas. Piatt, the quartet choir is the medium for musical 
worship of the congregation, as is also the case at the First Free, Marcy 
avenue and Keap street; the Greenwood, which has a supporting chorus of 
thirty voices, the Strong Place, the Washington avenue and the Sixth 
Avenue. The Greene Avenue Church, near Lewis avenue, rejoices in a 
double quartet. In the Centennial Church the congregational singing is led 
by a chorus of volunteers, and the Hanson Place and the Marcy Avenue 
churches by a precentor. 

Seekers after the charming and delightful in tone-painting will not fail 
of attendance on the musical services at the Reformed Church on the 
Heights. At the other extreme of Brooklyn the quartet of the Twelfth 
Street Church commands attention, while the First Reformed Church, in 
Seventh avenue at Carroll street, enjoys the benefit of the services of Mrs. 
Jennie Hall Wade, 

It was in the Unitarian Church of the Saviour, Pierrepont street and 
Monroe Place, during the ministry of the Rev. Dr. Frederick A. Farley, that 
the beautiful and impressive vesper service of that communion was insti- 
tuted, the chief features of which are retained in the musical worship led by 
the present admirable quartet choir. The Second Unitarian Church, at 
Clinton and Congress streets, has both quartet and congregation al singing, 
while the latter is the vogue at Unity Chapel, Gates avenue and Irving Place. 
The Universalist Churches of Our Father, Grand Avenue and Lefferts 
Place; All Souls', South Nmth street near Bedford avenue, and the Church of 
the Good Tidings, Quincy street near Reid avenue, are adequately equipped 
in the matter of quartet choirs and organists for the performance of good 
music. Familiar and congregational music is sung in the Zion Lutheran 
Church by a mixed quartet and a chorus of boys and men. Grace and 
St. Luke's have congregational singing, led by a large chorus of volunteers. 
St. Peter's in Bedford avenue supplements its solo quartet with a cornet. 
Brilliant and effective music is to be enjoyed amid peculiarly impres- 
sive and attractive surroundings in Temple Israel, Bedford and Lafayette 
avenues, the membership of the quartet here being made up of singers of 
eminence; Synagogue of the congregation Beth Elohim, State and Hoyt 
streets; and Temple Beth Elohim, Keap street, near Division avenue. 

Directory of Brooklyn Churches. 

The following is a complete list of the churches in Brooklyn: 
Baptist.— Bedford Ave., Bedford Ave. bet. Myrtle and Willoughby, 
J. H. Gunning; Bedford Heights, Bergen St. cor. Rogers Ave., R. Mar- 
shall Harrison, D.D; Berean, Prospect Place near Utica Ave., pastorate 
vacant; Bethany, cor. Vanderbilt and Atlantic Aves., R. I. Gaines; Bush- 
wick Ave., Bushwick Ave. cor. Wierfield, T. J. Whitaker; Calvary, cor. 
Sumner Ave. and Decatur St., vacant; Centennial, Adelphi St. near Myrtle 
Ave., Isaac N. Phelps; Central, Bridge St. bet. Myrtle Ave. and Wil- 
loughby St., Edward Everett Knapp; Central, Marcy Ave. cor S. Fifth 
St., J. L. Ray, Ph. D.; Concord, 165 Duffield St., Wm. T. Dixon; East 
End, Van Siclen Ave. near Eastern Parkway, Geo. H. Home; Emmanuel, 
Lafayette Ave. and St. James Place, John Humpstone, D.D.; First, cor. 
Lee Ave. and Keap St., Daniel C. Eddy, D.D.; First East New York, 
Smith and Schenck Aves., R. H. Baker; First Free Baptist, Keap St. cor. 
Marcy Ave., Rivington D. Lord; First German, Montrose Ave., near Union 
Ave., J. C. Grimmell; First German, Prospect Ave. near vSixth Ave., S. 
Kornmeier; First, Greenpoint, Noble St. near Manhattan Ave., Wm. Jes- 



CHURCHES. 165 

sup Sholar; First Swedish, 543 Atlantic Ave., O. Hedeen; Greene Avenue, 
Greene Ave. bet. Lewis and Stuyvesant Ave., R. B. Montgomery; Green- 
wood, Fourth Ave. and 15th St.; Robt. B. Hull; Hanson Place, Hanson 
Place, cor. South Portland Ave., A. C. Dixon; Hope, Union Ave. and 
South Second St., J. G. Ditmars; Marcy Avenue, Marcy and Putnam Aves., 
W. C. P. Rhoades; Memorial Baptist, Eighth Ave. and 16th St., pastorate 
vacant; Messiah, Dean St., bet. Troy and Schenectady, Rufus L. Perry; 
Ocean Hill, Rockaway Ave. and Somers St., Geo. F. Warren; Pilgrim, S. 
W. cor. McDonough St. and Patchen Ave., Webster R. Maul; Second, 
Ainslie St. near Graham Ave., Edward K. Cressey; Second German, Wal- 
labout St. near Harrison Ave., H. Trumpp; Sixth Ave. cor. Sixth Ave. and 
Lincoln Place, R. B. Kelsey, D.D.; Strong- Place, DeGraw St. and Strong 
Place, Irwin Dennett; Tabernacle, cor. Clinton St. and Third PL, pastor- 
ate vacant; Trinity, cor. Greene and Patchen Aves., H. M. Gallaher; Union 
Ave., Manhattan Ave. and Meserole St., Archibald H. MacLaurin; Wash- 
ington Ave., cor. Gates and Washington Aves., Edward Braislin; West 
End, 47th St. near 3rd Ave., Geo. W. Greenwood; Wyckoff Ave., Wyckoff 
and Cooper Aves. , S. V. Robinson; Flatbush, Diamond St., Henry J. Goeller. 
Congregational. — Atlantic Avenue Chapel, Cor. Atlantic and Grand 
Aves., John Kershaw; Beecher Memorial, Herkimer St. near Rockaway 
Ave., S. B. Halliday; Bethel of Plymouth Church, 13 and 15 Hicks St., 
Howard S. Bliss; Bethesda Chapel, Ralph Ave. cor. ChaunceySt., Chas. 
Herald; Bushwick Ave. , Bushwick Ave. and Cornelia St., Chas. W. King; 
Central, Hancock St. near Franklin Ave., A. J. F. Behrends; Clinton 
Avenue, Clinton cor. Lafayette Ave., Thos. B. McLeod, D.D.; Church of 
the Pilgrims, Henry cor. Remsen St., R. S. Storrs; East, Tompkins near 
DeKalb, Doremus Scudder; Lee Ave, Lee Ave. cor. Hooper St., J. Brittan 
Clark; Lewis Ave. Cor. Lewis Ave. and Madison St., Robert J. Kent; May- 
flower Branch of Plymouth Church, Jay St. near High, Richard H. Bos- 
worth; Nazarene, Adelphi near Fulton St., A. J. Henry; New England, 
South Ninth St. near Driggs Ave., Alexander Lewis; Park, Seventh St. 
and Sixth Ave., R. C. Hallock, Ph. D.; Park Avenue, (branch Tompkins 
Avenue), Park Ave. cor. Marcy, vacant; Pilgrim Chapel (branch of 
Church of the Pilgrims), cor. Henry and DeGraw St., E. H. Byington; 
Pilgrim (Swedish Evangelical), 413-15 Atlantic Ave., bet. Nevins and Bond, 
August L. Anderson; Plymouth, Orange St. near Hicks, Lyman Abbott, 
D.D.; Puritan, Southwest cor. Lafayette and Marcy Aves., E. P. Ter- 
hune, D.D. ; Rochester Avenue, cor. Rochester Ave. and Herkimer St., 
Albert F. Newton; Rockaway Avenue, Rockaway Ave. near Blake St., 
Richard Penrose; St. James' Mission, 46 Boerum St. near Lorimer, Moses 
Manning; South, cor. Court and President St., Albert J. Lyman; Tompkins 
Avenue, Tompkins Ave. and McDonough St., Robt. R. Meredith, D.D.; 
Trinity, Dean St. cor. Nostrand Ave., Henry Rundall Waite, Ph. D. ; 
Union, Powell St. near East New York Ave., D. Butler Pratt; Willoughby 
Ave. Chapel (branch of Clinton Avenue Congregational Church), Wil- 
loughby near- Grand Ave. , August A. Robertson. 

German Evangelical. — Emmanuel, 396-8 Melrose St. near Knicker- 
bocker, A. Pfost; Harrison Avenue, Harrison Ave. bet. Gwinnett and 
Middletown Sts., J. P. Schnatz; Salem Church, Jefferson Ave. near Cen- 
tral Ave., F. Kurtz; St. Paul's, 541-3 Leonard St., Carl Buehler; Zion, 
Liberty Ave., F. Weishar. 

Jewish. — AhavasAchim, Johnson Ave. nearEwen St., M. B. Newmark; 
Baith Israel, Boerum PI. cor. State St., M. Friedlander; Beth Jacob, Keap 



166 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

St. nearS. 5th St., Sol. Eaum; Cook Street Synagogue, 44 Cook St., P. Feld- 
blum; Temple Beth-El, iioNobleSt., M. J. Luebke; BethElohim, State near 
Hoyt St. , G.Tanhenhaus; Bikur Cholim of East New York,Wyona St. , A. Can- 
tor; Temple Beth Elohim, Keap St. near Division Ave. (E. D.), Leopold Wint- 
ner, Ph. D. ; Temple Israel, cor. Bedford and Lafayette Aves., A. H. Geismar. 

Lutheran. — Bethlehem (German), Marion St. near Reid Ave., E. H. 
William Kandelhart; Bethlehem (Swedish), Pacific near Smith St., Dr. F. 
Jacobson; Emmanuel (German), S. Fifth cor. Driggs Ave., F. T. Koerner; 
Emmanuel (German), 7th St. near Fifth Ave., E. F. Giese, D. D.; German 
Evangelical, Schermerhorn St. near Court, Jacob W. Loch; Grace (English), 
Rodney St. near S. 2d St., pastorate vacant; Holy Trinity (German), 
Americus Hall, 208 Grand St., G. Henry Vosseler; Our Saviour (Danish), 
193-5 9th St. near 3d Ave., Rasmers Anderson; Our Saviour (Norwegian), 
632-6 Henry St., C. S. Everson; St. Johannes' (German), Maujer St. near 
Humboldt, J. P. Beyer; St. John's (German), Milton St. near Manhattan 
Ave,, F. W. Oswald; St. John's (Qerman), cor. Liberty and New Jersey 
Aves., Justus F. Holstein; St. John's (German), Prospect Ave. bet. 5th and 
6th Aves., J. H. Sommer; St. Luke's (German), Carlton Ave. near Myrtle 
Ave., J. Henry Baden; St. Mark's (German), Evergreen Ave. cor. Jeffer- 
son, A. E. Frey; St. Matthew's (Enghsh), cor. Clinton and Amity Sts. , T. T. 
Everett, D, D.; St. Paul's (German), Henry, bet. 2d and 3d PI., John Hup- 
penbauer; St. Paul's (German), S. 5th and Rodney Sts., Henry B. Strodach; 
St. Paul's (German), WyonaSt. near Glenmore Ave. , J. F. Flath; St. Peter's 
(German), Bedford near DeKalb Ave., John J. Heischmann, D. D.; St. 
Paul's (Norwegian), Palmetto St. and Knickerbocker Ave., H. Chr. 
Luehr; St. Paul's, McDonough St. near Reid Ave., L. J. Sandrain; Sea- 
men's (Scandinavian), William St., bet. Richards and Van Brunt, Kr. _K. 
Saarheim; Trinity (German), Plarrison St. cor. Tompkins PI., Geo, Koenig; 
Trinity (Norwegian), cor. 22d St. and 3d Ave., M. H. Hegge; Zion (Ger- 
man), Henry St. near Clark, Emil C. J, Kraeling. 

Methodist Episcopal. — Andrews, Richmond St. , near Jamaica Ave., 
W T. Pray; Bethany (Swedish), Troy Ave. and Herkimer St., Carl F. Thom- 
blad; Bethel Ship (Norwegian), Carroll St., near Hoyt St., Sevesim Simon- 
son; Bushwick Ave., Bushwick Ave., cor. Madison, F. B. Upham; Central, 
cor. S. Fifth St. and Driggs Ave., W. D. Thompson; De Kalb Ave,, 
near Franklin Ave,, John Rippere; Eighteenth St,, Eighteenth ' St, , near 
Fifth Ave, , Chas, H, Buck; Emanuel (Swedish), Dean St. near Fifth Ave., A. 
J. Anderson; Embury, Herkimer St. and Schenectady Ave., Wellesley W. 
Bowdish; Epworth, cor. Bushivick and De Kalb Aves., Horace W. Byrnes; 
First, 405 Manhattan Ave., Wm. A, Layton; First Place, First Place and 
Henry St,, R, S, Pardington, D, D,; Fleet Street M, E,, Fleet PI, , cor, L .fay- 
ette PL, Otto F. Bartholow, Fourth Ave., Fourth Ave. and Forty-seventh 
St., James H, Lightbourne; Francis, Park Ave,, near Spencer St,, C, S, Wil- 
liams; Goodsell, Adams and Sheridan Ave,, E. H. Hopgood; Grace, Seventh 
Av, and St, John's Place, Chas, M, Giffin, D. D.; Hanson, Hanson PL; 
cor. St. Felix St., Chas. W. Parsons, D. D.; Hatfield, cor, 'Leonard and 
Conselyea Sts,, W. M, Hughes; Janes, Monroe St, and Reid Ave,, James 
Montgomery; Johnson St,, cor. Jay and Johnson, vacant; Knickerbocker 
Ave., Knickerbocker Ave. and Ralph St., W. M. Stonehill; New York 
Ave., New York Ave, and Dean St., Melville B. Chapman, D. D.; 
North Fifth St., North Fifth St. and Bedford Ave., W. C. Wilson; Nos- 
strand Ave., Nostrand Ave. cor. Quincy St., Arthur H. Goodenough; 
Powers street, Powers St., bet, Ewen and Leonard Sts., E. O. Tree; 




XVI. CREENWeoe CEMETERY. 



BANK— STONE MILL AND YARD. 



Court Street, Cor. Montague, 

OPPOSITE CITY HALL. 

CAPITAL, $500,000 

SURPLUS, 570,000 

GEORGE W. WHITE, President, 

HENRY N. BRUSH, Yice-President, 

GEORGE McMillan, Cashier. 

DIRECTORS. 

SAMUEL SLOAN, JOHN P. ROLFE, 

ISAAC CARHART, WILLIAM MARSHALL, 

DANIEL D. WHITNEY, JACOB COLE, 

ABRAHAM B. BAYLIS, JAMES RAYMOND, 
JUDAH B. YOORHEES, GEORGE W. CHAUNCEY, 

DANIEL F. FERNALD, HENRY N. BRUSH, 
GEORGE W. WHITE. 



ANDREW r>. BAIRD. RICHARD FRITZ. 

A. D. BAIRD &C0., 

Stone Mill and Yard, 

CONNECTICUT BROWN STONE, 
Blue, Dorchester and Ohio Free Stone. 

COR. KEAP ST. and WYTHE AVE., 

Telephone Call, 435 Williamsburgh. BROOKLYN, E, P., N. Y, 



CHURCHES. 167 

Russell Place, cor, Herkimer St. above Saratoga Ave., John J. Foust; Sands 
St. Memorial, cor. Clark and Henry Sts. , Geo. Van Alstyne; Simpson, 
Clermont and Willoughby Aves., J. O. Wilson; Sixth Avenue, cor. Sixth 
Ave. and Eighth St., W. W. Clark; South Second Street, S. 2d St. near 
Driggs, H. D. Weston, D. D. ; South Third Street, cor. South Third and 
Hewes Sts., Wm. W. GiUies; St. John's, Bedford Ave. and Wilson St., J. 
Wesley Johnston; St. Luke's, Penn St. and Marcy Ave., Robert Wasson; 
St. Paul's, cor. Richards and Sullivan Sts. , Gustav Laass; Summerfield, cor. 
Washington and Greene Avs., Herbert Welch, Sumner Avenue, cor. Sumner 
Ave. and Van BurenSt., James S. Chadwick, D. D.; Tabernacle, Manhat- 
tan Ave., opp. Noble St., A. S. Kavanagh; Throop Avenue, Throop Ave. 
near Ellery St., R. Stanley Povey; Warren Street, Warren St., near Smith, 
Wm. E. Smith; Wesley, Eastern Parkway, cor. Berriman -St. , Nathan Hub- 
bell; Williams Avenue, Williams Ave. near Atlantic, R. W. Jones; York 
Street, cor. York and Gold Sts., Lemuel Richardson. 

German Methodist Episcopal. — First German, cor. Lorimer and Stagg 
Sts., F. H. Rey; Greene Avenue German, 1171 Greene Ave., G.J. Bubeck; 
St. John's German, Yates Place between Broadway and Flushing Ave., A. 
Flammann; Wyckoff Street, Wyckoff, near Smith St., Frederick Gleuk. 

Methodist Episcopal Colored. — St. John's Mission, Howard Ave. bet. 
Atlantic Av. and Herkimer St. , J. F. Anderson; Union Bethel, Schenec- 
tady Ave. and Dean St., J. G. T. Fry; Wesle3^an, Bridge St., near Myrtle 
Ave., W. H. H. Butler; Cosmopolitan, Atlantic, near Troy Ave., C. H. 
Johnson; Fleet Street, Fleet St. near Myrtle Ave., R. H. Stitt; Union Zion, 
S. Third St., near Hooper, Geo. E. Smith. 

Primitive Methodists. — First Primitive Methodist, Park Ave. near 
N. Elliott PI., Owen Odell (supply); Monroe Street, Monroe St., near Stuy- 
vesantAv., Stephen Wright; Orchard, Oakland St., near Nassau Ave., J. J. 
Arnaud; The People's Mission of the Fourth P. M. Church, 246 Myrtle Ave., 
vacant; Welcome Primitive Methodist, Classon Ave. near Myrtle, Cornelius 
V. A. Lacour. 

Methodist Free Church. — First Free Methodist, Sixteenth St., near 
Fourth Ave., J. T. Logan. 

Methodist Protestant. — Trinity, South Fourth St., cor. RoeblingSt., 
J. H. Lucas; Mission, North 3d St., J. J. White. 

Protestant Episcopal. — All Saints, Seventh Ave., cor. Seventh St., 
Melville Boyd; Calvary, Marcy Ave. cor. S. Ninth St., Cornelius L. Twing; 
Christ, (E. D.) Bedford Ave., near Division Ave., James H. Darlington, Ph. 
D.; Christ, cor. Clinton and Harrison Sts., Arthur B. Kinsolving; Christ 
Chapel, Walcott St., bet. Van Brunt and Conover, James Buchanan, Ph. 
D.; Church of Our Saviour, Clinton St., cor. of Luquer, Hugh Maguire; 
Church of the Ascension, Kent St., R. W. Cochrane; Church of the Atone- 
ment, Seventeenth St., near Fifth Ave . , E. Homer Wellman, B. D.; Church 
of the Good Shepherd, McDonough St. , bet. Lewis and Stuyvesant Aves. , 
A. F. Underbill; Church of the Messiah, cor. Greene and Clermont Aves., 
Charles R. Baker; Emmanuel (St. Martin's) President, cor. Smith St., H. 
Ormond Riddel; Grace Church on the Heights, Grace Court, cor. Hicks St., 
C. B. Brewster; Grace, Conselyea St., near Lorimer, Wm. G. Ivie; Grace 
Chapel, High St., near Gold St., vacant; Holy Comforter (Schenck Mem- 
orial), Debevoise St., (E. D.), Wm. T. Tierkel; Holy Trinity, Clinton St., 
cor. Montague, C. H. Hall; St. Andrew's, 47th St. , near Third Ave. , 
Wm. Allan Fiske, LL.D.; St. Ann's, cor. of Clinton and Livingston 
Sts., Reese F. Alsop, D. D.; St. Augustine's, Canton, n^^r Park 



168 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Ave., J. P. Williams; St. Barnabas', Bushwick Ave. , opp. Ralph St., David L. 
Fleming; St. Bartholomew's, Bedford Ave. and Pacific St., Turner B. Oli- 
ver; St. Chrysostom's, Tompkins Ave., cor. McDonough St.. J. B. Nies; St. 
Clement's, Pennsylvania and Liberty Aves., R. F. Pendleton; St. George's, 
Marcy Ave., cor Gates, H. R. Harris; St. James', Lafayette Ave. and St. 
James PL, Chas. W. Homer; St. John's, St. John's PL, near Seventh Ave., 
Geo. F. Breed; St. John's Chapel, Albany Ave., cor. of Atlantic, A. C. Bunn; 
St. Jude's, 55th St., near 13th Ave., Blythebourne, Robt. Bayard Snowden; 
St. Luke's, Clinton Ave., near Fulton, Henry C. Swentzel; St. Margaret's 
hapel, 135 Van Brunt St., pastorate vacant; St. Mark's, Adelphi St., 
opencer S, Roche; St. Mark's (E. D.), cor. of Bedford Ave. and S. Fifth St., 
Samuel M. Haskins, D. D.; St. Mary's, Classon and Willoughby Aves., W. 
W. Bellinger; St. Matthew's, Throop Ave., cor of Pulaski St., A. A. Morri- 
son; St. Michael's, North Fifth St., near Bedford Ave., W. H. Thomas; 
St. Paul's, Chnton and Carroll Sts., J. Dolby Skene; St. Peter's, State St., 
near Bond, Lindsay Parker, M. A. ; St. Stephen's, Jefferson and Patchen 
Aves., Henry T. Scudder; St. Thomas', cor. Bushwick Ave. and Cooper St., 
James Clarence Jones, Ph. D. ; St. Timothy's Chapel, Howard Ave., near At- 
lantic Ave., Walter T. Stecher; The Church of the Redeemer, Fourth Av. 
and Pacific St., G. Calvert Carter, M. A.; The Church of the Reformation, 
Gates Ave. , bet. Classon and Franklin Aves. , J. G. Bacchus, D.D.; Trinity, 
ArHngton and Schenck Aves. , N. R. Boss. 

Presbyterian. — Ainslie Street, cor. Ainslie and Ewen Sts., R. S. Daw- 
son; Arlington Avenue, cor. Arlington Ave. and Elton St., Augustus B. 
Prichard; Bethany, McDonough St. and Howard Ave., John A. Billingsley; 
Bethlehem Mission, 575 Atlantic Ave., D. M. He^^-drick; Central, Tompkins 
aad Willoughby Aves., John F. Carson; City Hall Chapel, Concord near 
Gold St., Henry G. Golden; Classon Avenue, cor. Monroe St. and Classon 
Ave., Jos. Dunn Burrell; Cumberland Street, bet. Myrtle and Park Aves., 
G. M. Makely; Cuyler Chapel of Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church, 
358 Pacific St. near Bond, John Lewis Clark; Duryea, Clermont Ave. near 
Atlantic, John E. Fray; Emanuel Chapel, Central Ave. near Madison 
St., Wm. Phin Mackay; Fifth German, Moore St. near Humboldt St., 
Charles H. Schwarzbach; First, Henry St. near Clark St., Charles Cuthbert 
Hall, D. D.; First German, cor. Leonard and Stagg Sts., John G. Hehr; 
Franklin Avenue, Franklin Ave. near Myrtle, Charles Edwards; German 
Evangelical, WyonaSt., bet. Fulton St. and Jamaica Ave., Henry Freeh; 
Grace, Stuyvesant Ave. near Jefferson, Asbiiry C. Clarke; Greene Avenue, 
Greene Ave., bet. Reid and Patchen Aves., H. G. Mendenhall; Hopkins 
Street (German), Hopkins St., A. W. Fismer; Kirche Friedens, Willoughby 
Ave. near Broadway, Louis Wolferz; Lafayette Avenue, Lafayette Ave. 
cor. S. Oxford St., David Gregg, D. D.; Memorial, Seventh Ave. and St. 
John's PL, T. A. Nelson, D. D.; Mount Olivet, Evergreen Ave. cor. Trout- 
man St., David Junor; Noble Street, Noble St. cor. Lorimer St., R. D. 
Sproull, D. D.; Olivet Chapel, Bergen St. near 6th Ave., pastorate vacant; 
Prospect Heights, 8th Ave. and loth St., Wm. A. Holliday, D. D.; Ross 
Street, Ross St. near Bedford Ave., J. E. Adams; Second, Clinton St. cor. 
Remsen St., John Fox; Siloam, Prince St. near Myrtle Av., W. R. Law- 
ton; South Third Street, cor. S. 3d St. and Driggs Ave., John D. Wells, 
D. D. ; Tabernacle, Clinton Ave. and Greene, T. DeWitt Talmage; Throop 
Avenue, Throop, cor. Willoughby Ave., Louis R. Foote, D. D. ; Trinity, 
cor. Marcy and Jefferson Aves., J. H. Montgomery; Westminster, Clinton 
St, cor, First PL, Alfred H. Moment, D, P, 



CHURCHES. 169 

United Presbyterian. — First United Presbyterian of Brooklyn, S. ist 
and Rodney Sts., James H. Andrew; Second United Presbyterian, cor. At- 
lantic Ave. and Bond St. , D. J. Patterson. 

Reformed Dutch. — Bedford Avenue, Bedford Ave. cor. Clymer St., A. 
W. Mills; Bedford, Ormond PI. cor. Jefferson Ave., H. C. Berg; Bethany, 
Hudson Ave. near Myrtle, pastorate vacant; Bethany Chapel, Schenck 
Ave. near Liberty, pastorate vacant; Centennial Chapel, under care of 
First Reformed Church, Wyckoff St. near 3d Ave., O. P. Stockwell; Church 
on the Heights, Pierrepont St. near Henry, Wesley Reid Davis, D. D.; E. 
N. Y. Reformed, New Jersey Av. near Fulton, Jesse W. Brooks, Ph. D. ; 
First Reformed, 7th Ave. and Carroll St., James M. Farrar, D. D.; Ger- 
man, Herkimer St. near Howard Ave., J. Webber; German, Graham Ave. 
near Jackson St., W. Wolenta; Kent Street, Kent St. near Manhattan Ave., 
Lewis Francis; New Lots, New Lots Ave. near Schenck Ave., N. Pearse; 
North Reformed, Clermont Ave. , bet. Myrtle and Willoughby , Edwin F. Hal- 
lenbeck; Ocean Hill, Herkimer St. near Hopkinson Ave., A. Messier Quick; 
OldBushwick, cor. Bushwick Ave. and N. 2d St., T. Calvin McClelland, Ph. 
D.; South Brooklyn, 3d Ave. and 52d St., John Tallmadge Bergen; South 
Bushwick, Bushwick Ave. cor. Himrod St., George D. Hulst, Ph. D.; St. 
Peter's German Evangelical, cor. Union Ave. and Scholes St., John C. Guen- 
ther; Twelfth Street, 12th St., bet. 4th and 5th Aves., John E. Lloyd. 

Unitarian.— Church of the Saviour, Pierrepont St. cor. Monroe PI., 
Samuel A. Eliot; Second Unitarian, cor. Clinton and Congress Sts., J. W. 
Chadwick; Unity Church, Gates Ave. and Irving PL, Stephen H. Camp. 

Universalist.— All Souls', S. 9th near Bedford Ave., John Coleman 
Adams; Church of Our Father, Grand Ave. and Lefferts PL, C. Elwood 
Nash, D. D.; Church of the Good Tidings, (Fourth Universalist), Quincy 
St. near Reid Ave., J. Russell Taber; Prospect Heights (South Brooklyn), 
8th St. cor. 7th Ave., J. M. Bartholomew; Church of the Reconciliation, N. 
Henry St. near Nassau Ave. , pastorate vacant. 

Miscellaneous. — Berean Evangelical Church, cor. Sumner Ave. and 
Kosciusko St., W. Gould; Church of the New Jerusalem, Monroe PL cor. 
Clark St., J. C. Ager; Church of Christ (Disciples), Stirling PL, near 
7th Ave., Thomas Chalmers; Church of Christ (Second), Humboldt St. near 
Nassau Ave., A. B. Phillips; First Church of Christ (Scientist), Aurora 
Grata Cathedral, Bedford Ave. and Madison St., Frank E. Mason; First 
German New Church Society, 246 Lynch St., Wm. Diehl; First Reformed 
Catholic, Cumberland St., E. H. Walsh; Friends' Orthodox Church, cor. 
Lafayette and Washington Aves. , James B. Chase; Household of Faith, 
Greene Ave. near Tompkins Ave., Wm. N. Pile; Moravian Church, Jay St. 
near Myrtle Ave., Clarence E. Eberman. 

Roman Catholic— St. James' Pro-Cathedral, Jay St., cor. Chapel, 
Bishop McDonnell, J. A. Brosnau, Pro-rector; St. John's Chapel, Clermont 
Ave., cor. Greene, James H. Mitchell; All Saints (German), Throop Ave. 
and Thornton St.,^ Anthony Arnold; St. Alphonsus (German), Kent 
St., near Manhattan Ave., Wendelin Guhl; St. Ambrose, Tompkins and 
De Kalb Aves., D. J. Sheehy; St. Agnes, Hoyt and Sackett Sts., James 
S. Duify; St. Anne's, Front and Gold Sts., James J. Durick; St. 
Anthony of Padua, Manhattan Ave., opp. Milton St., P. F. O'Hare; 
Annunciation of the B. V. Mary (German), N. Fifth and Seventh 
Sts., George Kaupert; Assumption of the B. V. Mary, York and 
Jay Sts., James J. McCusker; St. Augustine's, Sixth Ave. and Stirling 
PL, Edward W. McCarty; St. Benedict's (German), Fulton St. near 



170 CITIZEN [GUIDE. 

Ralph Ave., John M. Hanselman; St. Bernard's (German), Rapelyea 
St. near Hicks, Michael N. Wagner, S. T. D.; St. Boniface's (German), 
Duffield St. near Willoughby, George Foser; St. Bridget's, Linden St. and 
St. Nicholas Ave., John McCloskey; Blessed Sacrament, Ftdton and Market 
Sts., Joseph J. McCoy; St. Cecilia's, Herbert and N. Henry Sts., Edward 
J. McGoldrick; St. Casimir's (Polish), Greene Ave., near Adelphi St., Vin- 
cent Brov/nikowski; St. Charles Borromeo's, Sidney PI. cor. Livingston St., 
Thomas F. Ward; St. Edward's, Canton and Division Sts., James F. 
Mealia; Fourteen Holy Martyrs, Central Ave. and Covert St., B. F. Kurtz; 
St. Francis de Sales, Broadway and Hull St., E. M. Porcile, S. P. M.; St. 
Francis Xavier, Carroll St. and Sixth Ave., David J. Hickey; St. George 
(Lithuanian), N. Tenth St. and Bedford Ave., M. Yodyszus; Holy Name, 
Ninth Ave., cor. Prospect, Thomas S. O'Reilly; Holy Family (German), 
Thirteenth St., bet. Fourth and Fifth Aves., James J. Hanselman; Holy 
Trinity (German), Montrose Ave., bet. Graham Ave. and Ewen St., 
Michael May, V. G.; Holy Rosary, Chauncey St., near Reid Ave., Domi- 
nick Monteverde; Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, 
Leonard and Maujer Sts., James Taaffe; St. John the Evangelist, Twenty- 
first St., near Fifth Ave., Bernard J. McHugh; St. John the Baptist, Wil- 
loughby Ave. , bet. Lewis and Stuyvesant Aves., J. A. Hartnett; St. Joseph's, 
Pacific St., near Vanderbilt Ave., Edward Corcoran; St. Leonard's (Ger- 
man), Hamburgh Ave. and Jefferson St., Henry F. Weitekamp; St. Louis' 
(French), Ellery St., near Nostrand Ave., James Jallon; St. Malachi's, Van 
Siclen near Atlantic Ave. , Mortimer Brennan; St. Mary's Star of the Sea, 
Court and Luqueer Sts., Joseph O'Connell, D. D.; St. Matthew's, Utica 
Ave. and Degraw St. , Patrick J. McClinchy; St. Michael's (ItaHan), York 
and Jay Sts., P. De Santi; St. Michael's (German), John St., near Atlantic 
Ave., A. M. Nieman; St. Michael's, Fourth Ave. and Twenty-second St., 
Henry A. Gallagher; Nativity of Our Blessed Lord, Classon Ave. and 
Madison St., Michael J. Moran; St. Nicholas (German), Olive and Powers 
Sts., John P. Hoffman; Our Lady of Good Counsel, Putnam Ave., near 
Ralph Ave., Eugene P. Mahoney; Our Lady of Mere}-, Debevoise PI., near 
De Kalb Ave., P. J. McNamara, V. G.; Our Lady of the Presentation, 
Rocka way and St. Marks Ave., Hugh Hand; Our Lady of Mount Carmel 
(Italian), N. Eighth St. and Union Ave., Peter Saponara; Our Lady of 
Sorrow (German), Morgan Ave. and Harrison PL, John Zentgraf; Our Lady 
of Victory, Throop Ave. and McDonough St., James J. Woods; St. Pat- 
rick's, Kent and Willoughby Aves., Thomas Taaffe; St. Paul's, Court and 
Congress Sts., Wm J. Hill; Sts. Peter and Paul, Wythe Ave., bet. S. 
Second and S. Third Sts., Sylvester Malone; St. Peter's, Hicks and War- 
ren Sts., John J. Canmer; Sacred Heart, Clermont Ave., near Park Ave., 
John F. Nash; Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary (Italian), President and 
Van Brunt Sts., Pasquale De Nisco; St. Stanislaus Martyr (Scandinavian), 
Fourteenth St., near Sixth Ave., Claudius H. Dumahut; St. Stephen's, 
Summit and Hicks Sts., Michael T. Kilahy; St. Thomas Aquinas, Fourth 
Ave. and Ninth St., James Donohoe; St. Teresa's^ Classon Ave., cor. 
Butler St., Joseph McNamee; Transfiguration, Hooper St., cor. of Marcy 
Ave., John M. Kiely; St. Vincent de Paul, N. Sixth St., near Bedford Ave., 
Martin Carroll; Visitation of the B. V. Mary, Verona St., cor. of Richards 
St., John J. Loughran, D. D. 

Ecclesiastical Institutions. — St. John's Theological Seminary, Lewis 
Ave. and Hart St., J. A. Hartnett, CM. 



REAL ESTATE. 



New Utrecht Properties. 
William P. Rae Company 



BROKERS Managers 

r^ : AND . ^ 



REFER TO MAP LOCATING OUR SUBURBS: 
57th to 60th Streets. 
8th Avenue, to 22d Avenue, 

9th Avenue to 13th Avenue, 
37th to 40th Streets. 

Norton's Point„coNEv,sLAND, 

CHOICEST LOCATION OF ALL NEW UTRECHT. 



Mapletonj: 
Martense, 



QUICK TRANSIT TO BROOKLYN and NEW YORK. 

25 Minutes to Bridge, 35 Minutes to Battery. 

4 Steam Railroads. 2 Electric Railways. 

FINEST BOULEVARD DRIVES IN ALL DIRECTIONS. 

CHOICE BUILDING SITES, 

Prices, 3200, 3250, 3300 to 3500. 
WELL-BUILT DWELLINGS— Extra ground. 

Prices, 33,500, 35,000 to 37,000. 

Proper Restrictions. Time Payments. Easy Terms. 
WATER, GAS, EVERY IMPROVEMENT. SCHOOLS, CHURCHES AND STORES. 

ViolT ANY UAY. Yx^q passes and lithographed plans upon application to 

WILLIAM P. RAE COMPANY, 

394 Gates Ave., cor. Nostrand Ave., ) ^3 

189 & 191 Montague St., (2a Fioor^ ) A^rOOKiyn, 




IMI.BIEOS-EYE VII 







^ 



< 



o 

o 



o 






^ 



-e— 7 «T 



^OFLONGISLANl 



TELEGRAPH— PAPER. 



WALTER C. HUMSTONE, CHARLES H. ERWIN, WM.. G. MAGOWAN. 

President. Vice-President. Secretary and Treas. 



rrxzis 



Brooklyn District Telegraph Co. 

Principal Office, 369 Fulton St., 

ARBUCKLE BUILDING, CITY HALL SQUARE. 

BRANCH OFFICES. 

1074 BEDFORD AV., « « 'J'SG FULTON ST., 

1233 BEDFORD AV., 313 l'?19 FULTON ST., 

1080 BROADWAY, 414 MYRTLE AV., 

325 COURT ST., Flflthlish Av 242 SUMNER AV., 

420 FIFTH A v., ' ■ctv»^v*vJii my. 

Reliable Messenger, Fire and NIGHT POLICE PATROL Service 

Day and Night. 

Residences, Stores, Factories, etc., connected with our Improved 
BURGLAR ALARM SYSTEM at Reasonable Rates. Also TEM- 
PORARY ALARMS for SUMMER PROTECTION ONLY. 

KIGHT WATCH SIGNALS A SP£CIAIiTY. 

EDWARD J. MERRIAM, 

WHOLESALE .-. AND /.RETAIL. 



He made the paper used in this book, and Makes to Order and 
has on hand all kinds, sizes, weights and colors of 



IT WILL BE WELL FOR YOU TO REMEMBER THIS. 

23 Beekman Street, New York City, 



CHURCHES. 171 

Religious Communities. — House of the Fathers of the Congregation of 
the Mission, Lewis and Willoughby Aves., J. A. Hartnett, C. M.; House of 
the Fathers of Mercy, Broadway and Hull St. ; E. H. Porcile, S. P. M. , 
Monastery of St. Francis of Assisi, 33 to 47 Butler St., Bro. Jerome; House 
of the Christian Brothers, Jay St., adjoining Rectory of St. James Pro- 
Cathedral, Bro. Castoris; Monastery of the Visitation, Clinton and Wi- 
loughby Aves. , Mother M. Philomena Darphin; St. Francis of Assisium, 
Convent of Sisters of Mercy, Willoughby and Classon Aves., Mother Mary 
Stephen Salter; Convent of the Sisters of Charity, Congress St., near Court, 
Sister Marie Louise; Convent of the Sisters of Christian Charity, 191 8 Ful- 
ton St., Sister Caroline; Mother House of the Sisters of St. Dominic, Mon- 
trose and Graham Aves., Mother M. Emily Barth; Convent of the Order of 
Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd, Pacific St. and Hopkinson Ave., 
Sister Mary Francis Xavier; Monastery of the Most Precious Blood, 212 Put- 
nam Ave., Mother Mary Gertrude; Novitiate of the Sisters of St. Dominic, 
Amityville, Suffolk Co., Sister M. Juliana Garch; Mother House of the 
Sisters of St. Joseph, Flushing, L. I. 



CEMETERIES. 



Description of the Great Burying Places in and about Brooklyn- 
Incineration. 



Within the limits of Brooklyn or in the immediate vicinity are over 
thirty cemeteries, embracing an aggregate area of over 3,100 acres, or about 
five square miles. Up to the present date more than 1,750,000 interments 
have been made in these "God's acres." These cemeteries, however, 
must not be regarded as strictly Brooklyn institutions, bu": as the bury- 
ino- places of Brooklyn, New York, and the metropolitan district in gen- 
eral. From the prohibition in 1851 of burials south of Eighty-sixth street on 
Manhattan Island, the great increment in the number and extent of the 
Brooklyn cemeteries may be dated. Convenience of location, rural attract- 
iveness, beauty of surroundings, and the general character of the soil, very 
naturally led to the establishment of numerous cemeteries on the western 
extremity of Long Island. Here are to be found burying places of almost 
every denomination, as well as many larger reservations, such as Green- 
wood, the Evergreens, Cypress Hills, etc., upon which no race or sectarian 
restrictions are imposed. Millions of dollars have been expended upon 
the topography and monuments of these great cities of the dead. They 
contain the finest specimens of sculpture in the country, and are second to 
none of the city parks as places of restful recreation and public resort. No 
stranger should sojourn in Brooklyn or its neighborhood without visiting 
Greenwood Cemetery, which is without a doubt the greatest necropolis of 
America, and the rival in beauty of scenery and works of art of the most 
noted cemeteries of the Old World. 

The following are the cemeteries in Brooklyn and vicinity. The ar- 
rangement is alphabetical. 

Ahawath Cheseds, a small Jewish cemetery, thirteen acres in extent, 
situated in East WilUamsburgh, reached by the Long Island Railroad and 
North Second street surface cars, from Eastern District ferries. 

Bayside Cemetery is a non-sectarian burying-ground, located near 
Jamaica, Queens County. Area, twenty acres. Reached by the Long 
Island Railroad to Woodhaven, and by the electric railroad from East New 
York. 

Calvary Cemetery, at Newtown, Queens County, is the principal 
Roman Catholic burying-ground of Brooklyn and the metropohtan district. 
Over a half milhon people are buried here. The cemetery was laid out in 
1848, and was at first limited in extent. The grounds, with the recently 
annexed portion, cover an area of more than 300 acres, subdivided into sec- 
tions intersected by numerous avenues, roads and foot-walks. The older 
part of the cemetery occupies a very commanding position on the crest of 



CEMETERIES. 173 

tlie hill, which slopes gently away on all sides. The grounds have been 
very artistically laid out, the vv'hole producing a pleasing rural effect. One 
of the chief points of interest is the Soldiers' Monument, erected in 1866 by 
the City of New York in commemoration of the Union Troops who fell 
during the Civil War. This monument is a granite shaft 45 feet high, sur- 
mounted by a life size figure in bronze typifying " patriotism." The sup- 
porting figures, four in number, symbolize different branches of military 
service. The remains of Catholic soldiers, who died during the Rebellion, 
and for whose interment no provision was made elsewhere, are buried in 
the plot surrounding this monument. The cemetery is owned and man- 
aged by the Trustees of St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York. It is reached 
by the Grand street horse car line from all the Eastern District ferries, and 
by the Long Island Railroad from Long Island City. 

Chevra B'Nai Siiolanu is a small Jewish burying-ground, situated on 
Morris avenue, Newtown. Opened for interments last year. Reached 
from Long Island City by the Long Island Railroad and the horse car lines. 

Cypress Hills Cemetery embraces about 400 acres, partly in Kings and 
partly in Queens County, near the North-eastern boundary of Brooklyn on 
Jamaica avenue. The cemetery was organized in 1847. The site of the 
cemeter}?- has a historic fame. During the battle of Long Island it was se- 
lected as a centre of strategic movements by General Woodhull, and was 
strongly fortified. Several British cannon balls have been found from time 
to time by the workmen in the cemetery. The grounds are somewhat ir- 
regular in shape, and are made up of hills, gently sloping valleys, and 
level stretches interspersed with small lakes, and shaded by large trees and 
artistically arranged shrubbery. From the observatory on Mt. Victory, the 
most elevated point of ground, may be had a splendid view of New York 
Bay, the Atlantic Ocean, the Highlands of New Jersey, the Hudson and 
East Rivers, the Palisades and the cities of New York and Brooklyn. 
Numerous benevolent, ecclesiastical and humane societies own plots in the 
cemetery. The " Soldiers' Plot," known as the Soldiers' National Ceme- 
tery, is a reservation purchased by the United States Government, and, 
under the care of a special keeper, contains the graves of about 4,000 sol- 
diers, many of whom were veterans (5f the war of 1812. The American 
Dramatic Fund Association own a plot in which are to be found the tombs 
of Lysander Thompson, Chas. D. S. Howard, Geo. Sekeritt and other 
stars of the early American stage. The founder of the fund, Francis 
Courtney Weymiss, is buried in an adjoining lot. This great city of the 
dead abounds in elaborate and stately vaults and monuments, attractive, 
not merely on account of their chaste and artistic designs, but also for their 
historic associations. Among the notable monuments are the Press Club 
Monument, the Metropolitan Police Monument, and the monument to Col. 
Jas. H. Perry, erected by members of the 48th Regiment, N. Y. Volunteers, 
in honor of their commander. The grounds are reached by Atlantic avenue 
Rapid Transit Railroad to Crescent street, by horse cars from Grand or 
Roosevelt street ferries, b}^ Jamaica and Brooklyn Electric Railway, by the 
Brooklyn Elevated Railroad, or by the horse cars from Broadway and 
Fulton street. 

The Evergreens, a rural cemetery chartered October 6th, 1849, em- 
braces 300 acres and is situated in the eastern part of Kings, and on the con- 
tiguous western boundary of Queens county. Its main entrance is on Bush- 
wick avenue and Conway street, Brooklyn. It is at the focus of all the 
principal lines of travel and conveniently accessible from, the most widely 



174 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

remote parts of Brooklyn and New York. Notwithstanding these un- 
equalled facilities of access, the location is appropriately secluded from the 
noise and bustle of the great world of life whose surges break into silence at 
its borders. Its grounds are unequalled in their fitness for a necropolis. 
Nature has endowed the spot with varied and picturesque sylvan beauties 
and a charming diversity of landscape. Magnificent woodland vistas and 
reaches of mossy, emerald sward loom up in panoramic surprises as the vis- 
itor rambles over the knolls and slopes, across the dells and plains, and by 
the margin of the lakelets that here abound. From the terraces of the cem- 
etery and from the summits of its higher hills the prospect embraces the 
great cities with their manifold engineering and architectural wonders, and 
in striking contrast therewith, hamlets nestling amid rural charms, glimpses 
of bays dotted wnth numerous islands, and, in the distance, the majestic 
ocean bearing the nation's commerce on its breast. To these admirable nat- 
ural advantages are to be added the elaborate adornments of art which 
unstinted outlay on the part of the Trustees has supplied and is continually 
supplying, and which arise in costly cenotaphs, shrines and monuments, 
erected by wealthy patrons as tributes to the m-emory of their dead. 

The selection of its site was made by its promoters after a careful and 
extensive survey of the entire vicinity of New York and Brooklyn. The 
original enclosure comprised two hundred acres, which has since been aug- 
mented by successive additions to the north, south and east, to the present 
dimensions of three hundred acres. Broad, substantial stone roads, bor- 
dered with paved gutters, furnish at all seasons a hard and pleasant drive 
of many miles, conducting the visitor to every part of the cemeter3^ Invit- 
ing footpaths wind their pleasant ways over and around the hills and ex- 
plore each shady nook and dell. Few cemetery sites in the world have 
been more prodigal in their possibilities of development, and the genius of 
the landscape gardener has here won some of its most noteworthy and ad- 
mirable triumphs. The work of grading the entire grounds, a work involv- 
ing immense labor, is now going forward, and is prosecuted with constant 
regard to the enhancements of beauty and utility. Water for drinking pur- 
poses, from the pipes of the Brooklyn City Reservoir, is furnished for the 
convenience of visitors through hydsants placed at appropriate distances 
upon the grounds. 

When to these accessories and conditions is added the dry and sandy 
character of the soil, due to the elevation of the site, it will be understood 
v/hy orderly thousands of admiring visitors from the crow^ded cities are al- 
most daily to be foiind in this peaceful resting place, attracted not less by 
its solemnizing inspirations than by the rural quiet and artistic beauty of 
the grounds. Considered, therefore, with reference to its position of near- 
ness and accessibility, the availableness of its entire surface for the purpose 
of interment, the extent, diversity and beauty of its grounds, its native for- 
est growth and the loveliness of its surroundings. The Evergreens com- 
pares most favorably with all other rural cemeteries. Great public interest 
is manifested in this cemetery, an interest evidenced not only by the throngs 
who daily visit the spot, but by the rapidly increasing demand for lots and 
graves. 

The grounds are reachedby the street cars in Brooklyn from Roosevelt, 
Grand, 23rd street, Fulton or Wall street Ferry, or by the Brooklyn Elevated 
R. R. to East New York, or by Manhattan Beach R, R, from Long Island 
City and statipns along the route, 



CEMETERIES. 175 

Mortuary Art in the Evergreens. One of the handsomest pieces 
of monumental work that has been erected in a long time past in any of 
the great cemeteries in the neighborhood of New York is that in 
the plot of the Actors' Fund in the Cemetery of the Evergreens. It 
has since been admired by thousands, and all are loud in their 
praises of the skill which produced its fair proportions. It is the work 
of the eminent house of R. Cocroft's Sons, v/ho have their works at 
the corner of Conway street and Bushwick avenue — at the entrance of the 
Cemetery of the Evergreens. The business now carried on under this style 
was originally established some thirty years ago by Mr. R. Cocroft, and 
about sixteen years ago he was succeeded by his two sons, Mr. James Cocroft 
and Mr. Samuel Cocroft — two very able and popular gentlemen, who have 
made for themselves and their work a most honorable reputation. The firm 
undertake every kind of monumental work, in granite and marble, from the 
plainest to the most elaborate. They produce some of the most artistic and 
elegant cemetery work ever seen in this country. They personally super- 
vise all orders, and allow no work to leave their shops until properly exe- 
cuted and finished, and give the same attention to the smallest tombstone 
as to the most expensive monument. As their workshops and ground 
cover a space of eight city lots, they have ample room and facilities for exe- 
cuting the largest as well as the most modest tombstones. 

The Actors' Fund monument is one of the best examples of the skill and 
taste of the firm upon a large scale. The monument and enclosure cost 
$9,000. Other notable productions' of the house are as follows : 

A monument for Henry Batterman, of Williamsburg, and one for his 
father in Greenwood Cemetery. 

One for Charles Plummer, of New York. 

One for Geo. C. Bennett, President of the Cemetery of the Ever- 
greens. 

One for Samuel Colville, Treasurer of the Actors' Fund. 

A monument for Ferdinand O. Hen in Evergreen Cemetery. 

A monument for George W. Adams in Evergreen Cemetery. 

A very large number of other monuments the productions of this firm 
have been erected in other cemeteries throughout the United States. The 
firm have recently built a vault for Wm. Krauss, of New York, in 
the Salem Fields Cemetery, costing $7,000, and are about com- 
pleting one for Mr. M. Newborg, to cost about $8,000. A specialty is 
made of work in Brooklyn and its vicinity and throughout Long 
Island. Both of the Messrs. Cocroft are thoroughly practical men and take 
a great pride in the fine character of the work they do. They employ a 
force of about twenty men at the works and have about as many more 
working in different quarries. 

Personally speakmg, Mr. James Cocroft and Mr. Samuel Cocroft are 
both very courteous and popular gentlemen, and are highly spoken of by all 
who know them. Their business is now in a better condition than ever 
before. 

In the manufacture of monuments and tombstones at these works 
granite is extensively employed, the most beautiful and perfect specimens 
being always selected. Many people are often sadly disappointed on find- 
ing that their costly monuments begin to crack or crumble in a few years 
from some defect in the stone itself or from the poor quaUty of the material 
chosen. Such accidents are not liable to happen to the monuments turned 
out by this firm, on account of the scrupulous pare taken in examining all 



176 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

the blocks of stone used before they are subjected to the stone-cutter's chisel. 
When marble is used in the production of monuments the purest and most 
flawless pieces are picked out, and those free from discoloring ingredients, 
such as oxides of iron or manganese, which, when present, in a very few 
years completely destroy the beauty of the work by the development of 
rusty yellow lines and patches. In these works everything is done that will 
insure permanence and preserve the original beauty and clear outlines of the 
monuments. 

Floral Displays. Among the most attractive features of public parks 
and cemeteries are the artistically arranged displays of flowers and shrub- 
bery, which give a brightness and beauty to what would otherwise seem 
monotonous and tame. The eye seems to long for that embelhshment which 
flowers can give to rural scenery. The beautiful and pathetic practice so 
widely observed in this country of keeping the graves of departed friends 
fresh and bright with flowers is one that should never die out. At the main 
entrance to the cemetery of the Evergreens on Conway street near Broadway 
is the extensive floral establishment of William H. Hall, which is well worth 
visiting. Floral decorations and flowers of all kinds are to be had here. 
Memorial pieces are a specialty with Mr. Hall, who also undertakes to plant 
and care for the flower beds and floral decorations in the private plots in 
cemeteries, as well as the supply of flowers of all sorts for public and private 
entertainments. 

Friends' Cemetery, located between Tenth and Eleventh avenues and 
Fifteenth street, is a burying-ground ten acres in extent under the manage- 
ment of the Society of Friends. It is reached by the Coney Island and 
Brooklyn R. R. ■ 

Flushing Cemetery, situated in the eastern part of Flushing, L. I., is a 
small unsectarian burial place, used more particularly by the people of 
Flushing and its vicinity. It is reached by L. I. R. R. (north side division) 
from Long Island City. 

Greenwood Cemetery is not only the finest of all Metropolitan ceme- 
teries, but in the variety and grandeur of its embellishments it far excels 
any other necropolis in America. The cemetery was established in 1S38 
and was opened for interments in 1840. It is located m the Southern sec- 
tion of Brooklyn on Gowanus Heights, overlooking the bay of the same 
name. The area is about 474 acres. Broad substantial stone roads furnish 
at all times a firm and pleasant carriageway of over twenty miles in length, 
and in their windings conduct the visitor to every part of the grounds. 
Wide and inviting footpaths laid with concrete wind around every hill and 
explore every dell and shady nook. An immeubc amount of labor and 
money have been expended in the work of grading the grounds, and laying 
out and paving the roadways. Constant regard is had , not merely to the 
utility, but also to the beauty of each improvement. Many fountains are 
placed at different points throughout the grounds and are supphed by water 
from driven wells which is pumped into a reservoir and thence conveyed by 
subterranean pipes. The Brooklyn City Water Works system suppHes 
water for drinking purposes. Several lakes nestle in the valley of the 
gently sloping hills and lend an additional charm to the surrounding 
scenery. The cemetery is drained by eighteen miles of underground pipes 
connected with over 1,200 receiving basins. There are five different gates 
to the cemetery, namely : The Main or Northern entrance at Fifth avenue 
and Twenty-fifth street ; the Western entrance on Fourth avenue at Thirty- 
fourth street ; the Southern entrance on Thirty-seventh street and Ninth 



CEMETERIES. 177 

avenue ; the Eastern entrance on Fort Hamilton avenue near Gravesend 
avenue, and the Ocean Hill entrance at Twentieth street on Ninth avenue. 
The general mnd for the improvement of the cemetery amounts to 
about $1,700,000. Greenwood is conducted upon a plan different from that 
of other cemeteries. It is not dependent upon private enterprise, but is a 
trust organization incorporated under the laws of the State of New York 
and managed by a Board of Trustees elected by the lot owners from among 
themselves. The cemetery is thus exempt from the evils of speculation. 
All moneys received are added to the interest on the General Improvement 
Fund, which is partly made up of bequests. The annual interest on this 
fund is applied to the improvement of the cemetery property and to the 
maintenance and embellishment of private lots. About 270,000 interments 
have already been made in the grounds. The price of lots is determined 
largely by position and surroundings, and ranges from $igo to $1,000. The 
cemetery contains 652 vaults, the majority of which are built in the hill- 
sides or underground. The monuments and tombstones number about 
58,000, and their aggregate cost has been many millions of dollars. The 
Receiving Tomb, at Arbor Water, has a capacity for 1,500 caskets. In ad- 
dition to this there are several other public vaults and temporary receptacles. 
Special detectives patrol the grounds, and a large number of other employees 
of the cemetery, duly licensed by the Brooklyn Police Commissioners, are 
also on duty. It is not allowable to pay fees to any gate-keepers or other per- 
sons in the employment of the cemetery authorities in reward for personal 
services and attention. Among the notable features of the cemetery are the 
Northern and Eastern gates. The Northern gate is a massive stone building 
of N. J. free stone, 132 feet in length and 40 feet in depth, surmounted by a 
central pinnacle 106 feet high. The recesses over the gate-ways are filled 
with sculptured groups by John M. Moffitt, representing the " Raising of 
Lazarus," "The Raising of the Widow's Son," "The Resurrection," 
and '• Our Saviour's Entombment." The entrance for pedestrians is in the 
left wing of this gate-way ; in the right wing are the offices of the cemetery, 
where information may be obtained. At the left of the Eastern entrance 
at the end of Vine avenue, which may be reached by Prospect Park, is the 
gate-keeper's lodge, and opposite to this is the building for the use of visit- 
ors. Over the porches of this latter building are representations in stone 
of the four ages of man, infancy, youth, manhood and old age, also from 
the chisel of Mr. Moffitt. The monuments most interesting to visitors are : 
The John Matthews Monument, by Carl Muller, at the southwesterly end 
of Valley Water ; the monument and bronze bust of Horace Greeley, on 
Locust Hill, near Oak avenue, erected by the printers of the United States; 
the Brown Brothers' Monument, on Hill Ridge, commemorating the loss of 
six members of this family who perished in the wreck of the steamship 
Arctic; the Firemen's Monument, erected by the old volunteer fire depart- 
ment of New York ; the Morse Monument, on High Wood Hill, commem- 
orative of the inventor of the electric telegraph ; the Chapel Monument, to 
Miss Mary M. Danser, the philanthropist, at Fir and Vine avenues ; the 
Monument to Roger WiUiams, the founder of Rhode Island, in section 130 ; 
the Stephen Whitney Chapel and Tomb, Ocean Hill ; the Monument to the 
Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, in section 140 ; Gen. Benjamin F. Tracy's 
Family Monument, also in section 140 ; the Thomas T. Read Statue and 
Monument, in section 160 ; the C. K. Garrison Oriental Tomb, Vernal 
avenue ; Niblo's Tomb, Crescent Water ; the Archway, Western entrance 
at Thirty-fifth street and Fourth avenue ; Temple and Statue of A. S. 



178 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Scribner, at Vine and C5rpress avenues ; the Sea Captain's Monument, at 
Vista avenue, in memory of Captain John Correja ; the Charlotte Canda 
Monument, at Fern and Greenbough avenues ; the Soldiers' Monument, on 
the plateau of Battle Hill, erected by the City of New York in memory of 
the soldiers who died during the RebelHon ; the Pilots' Monmnent, erected 
by the pilots of this city in memory of the heroic Dilot, Thomas Freeborn ; 
the James Gordon Bennett Statuary Group ; the colossal bronze statue of 
DeWitt CHnton, by Henry Kirk Brown, in Bayside Dell ; the Louis Ber- 
nard Monument, in Battle avenue, erected by the Society for the Preven- 
tion of Cruelty to Animals, in commemoration of Mr. Bernard's philanthro- 
py, and his devotion to the work of this society ; and the Brookl^m Theatre 
Fire Victims' plot, at Bayview and Battle avenues, in which are buried 105 
unrecognized bodies, victims of the Brooklyn Theatre Fire on the evening 
of December 5th, 1S76, when nearly 300 persons lost "their lives. Green- 
wood cemetery is reached by the Brooklyn Elevated Railroad, Fifth avenue 
Division, and the Third and Fifth avenue street car lines. 

Holy Cross Cemetery, founded in 1849 by the late Archbishop Hughes, 
of New York, is located in the town of Flatbush, about five miles from 
Fulton ferry. It is a Roman Catholic burial place in which, up to the pres- 
ent date, over 200,000 interments have been made. The grounds are 
reached by the Flatbush avenue or Nostrand avenue surface cars. 

Holy Trinity Cemetery, formerly an independent burying ground, 
has recently been incorporated with the Cemetery of the Evergreens. 

Linden Hill Cemetery, near Middle Village, is managed by the Ger- 
man Methodist Episcopal Church of 254 Second street. New York, and 
embraces about 50 acres of land. It is a favorite burying place for Ger- 
mans. The cemetery is non- sectarian, and contains a large plot recently 
purchased by Hebrew societies. It is reached by the Long Island Rail- 
road from Long Island City, and the North Second street surface cars from 
the Eastern District ferries. 

Lutheran Cemetery, situated in Middle Village, Newtown, was 
founded in 1852 by the United Lutheran Church of New York. Item- 
braces about 400 acres of undulating land, the largest portion of which has 
been laid out in sections and improved. The winding roadways are bordered 
by tastefully arranged shrubbery and thousands of ornamental and ever- 
green trees. One of the characteristics of the cemetery is the absence of 
monuments and head stones, the erection of which is contrary to the rules : 
plain horizontal tablets alone are permitted. Although especially designed 
for Lutherans the cemetery is non-sectarian, and members of any religious 
body may purchase plots. It is reached by the North Second street cars 
from the Eastern District ferries, by the Brooklyn Elevated Railroad to 
Ridgewood, thence by the dummy steam cars or by the Long Island Rail- 
road from Long Island City. 

Machpelah Cemetery, at Newtown, is a small Jewish burying-ground, 
40 acres in extent, owned by the congregation of the Temple Beth El, N. Y. 
The rules of the cemeterv, which are strictly enforced, require lot owners 
to erect stone pillars at the boundaries of their holdings, and to keep their 
plots constantly in good order. Members of other denominations may be 
buried in these grounds. Union Field and New Union Field are 
small Hebrew burying grounds adjoining Machpelah, and are under the 
same management. They are reached by the Brooklyn Elevated Railroad, 
by Jamaica and Brooklyn Electric line, and by the horse cars from Broad- 
way and Fulton street, 



CEMETERIES. 179 

Maimonides Cemetery is a small burying-grotind. in Jamaica, Long 
Island, reached by the Electric road from East New York, or by the Long 
Island Railroad. 

Maple Grove Cemetery is situated on Hoffman Boulevard, in the 
Western part of the town of Jamaica, on a beautiful range of hills that runs 
through the centre of Long Island. The cemetery was organized in 1875, 
and comprises about 100 acres. The landscape is exceedingly varied and 
picturesque, and is being constantly improved by the skill of the topo- 
graphical artist and engmeer. The grounds are reached by the Long 
Island Railroad from Long Island City to Maple Grove or to Richmond 
Hill and Morris Park. 

Methodist Cemetery, at Middle Village, is a small historic burying- 
ground, dedicated about the year 1770. The second Methodist Church in 
America formerly stood on a part of the ground now embraced in this ceme- 
tery, which is one of the oldest on Long Island. It is reached by the Long 
Island Railroad or the North Second street surface cars. 

Mount Neboh Cemetery, situated on the Fresh Pond road, adjoining 
the rear of Cypress Hills, is a small cemetery covering 15 acres, which may 
be visited by taking the North Second street surface cars, or the Long 
Island Railroad from Long Island City. 

Mount Hope is a small cemetery owned by the Free Masons of New 
York, situated at Jamaica and Nichols avenues, Jamaica, is about 12 acres 
in extent, and is reached by the Long Island Railroad to Woodhaven, or 
by the Electric Railroad from East New York. 

Mount Olivet Cemetery, situated on Grand street, Maspeth, was in- 
corporated in 1850, and is one of the quietest rural burial places in the 
neighborhood of Brooklyn. The landscape is undulating, with occasional 
stretches of lawn tastefully laid out, and shaded with, many rare and beau- 
tiful trees. Shrubbery and flower beds tastefully arranged add much to 
the charm of the scenery. Very fine views of the country around may be 
had from some of the hills within the grounds. The cemetery is reached 
by the Grand street and Newtown cars from the foot of Broadway, and by 
other cars from Brooklyn that connect with the Grand street line ; also by 
the electric cars from Long Island City. 

National Soldiers' Cemetery is that part of Cypress Hills owned by 
the U. S. Government, and reserved for the interment of members of the 
Federal Army. It contains the graves of about 4,000 soldiers. (See Cy- 
press Hills.) 

New Union Fields is a small burying-ground, 21 acres in extent, situ- 
ated in Newtown alongside Cypress Hills, and reached by the same route. 

Potter's Field is the name of the cemetery which receives all the dead 
from the public institutions, unclaimed by relatives or friends. It is located 
in Flatbush near the County Buildings, and is reached by the Flatbush, 
Nostrand or Franklin avenue street car lines. 

Quaker Cemetery is a small private burying-ground at Newtown, L. 
I., belonging to the Society of Quakers. It is reached by the L. I. R. R., 
or the N, Second street surface ^ars, 

St. John's Cemetery, on the Jamaica turnpike at Middle Village, New- 
town, is a large Roman Catholic burying-ground controlled by the trustees 
of the St, James Pro-Cathedral of Brooklyn. The grounds are 170 acres 
in extent and may be reached by the L. I. R. R. trains from Long Island 
City, or by the N. Second street surface cars from the E. D. 



180 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

St. Michael's Cemetery, situated in Newtown, embraces loo acres o£ 
land and is reached by surface lines starting from the Ninety-second street 
ferry landing, Long Island City. 

SaleiM Field, on Jamaica avenue, opposite Market street, adjacent tc 
Cypress Hills, is the most important exclusive Jewish cemetery in the Met- 
ropolitan district. Its area is about 210 acres. The grounds, which are 
laid out in an exceedingly artistic manner, are richly embellished with 
works of art. There are many granite and marble monuments of elaborate 
design erected by the wealthy Hebrev/ families of New York and Brook- 
lyn, The property is owned by the congregation of Temple Emanuel, 
Fifth avenue and Forty-third street. New York. The cemetery is reached 
most conveniently by the Brooklyn Elevated R. R., or the Jamaica avenue 
electric cars. 

Shareth Israel, popularly known as the Portuguese Cemetery, com- 
prises six acres in extent and is situated in Newtown. The cemetery is 
the last resting place of many noted Hebrew men and women. The grave 
of Commodore Levy of the United States Navy is here, and over it stands 
a magnificent monument on which is chiseled the statement that the aboli- 
tion of corporal punishment in the Navy of the United States was due to 
the humane and untiring efforts of this gallant sailor. The grounds are 
reached by the Brooklyn Elevated R. R., by Jamaica and Brooklyn R. R. 

Temple Beth-el is a small cemetery ten acres in extent situated in 
Newtown and is reached by the same route as that to Cypress Hills. 

Union Cemetery, on Palmetto street, near Myrtle avenue, contains 
ten acres of ground and was established in 185 1. The property was owned 
by the First Methodist Church of Williamsburgh. It is reached by the 
Myrtle avenue, elevated or surface lines, or by the Greene and Gates 
avenue lines. The grounds have recently been sold for building purposes 
and the remains now interred there will be removed to other locations. 

Union Field is a small cemetery about thirteen acres in extent at 
Newtown, reached from Brooklyn by the Atlantic avenue Rapid Transit 
cars of the Long Island R. R. to Crescent street, also by the Jamaica and 
Brooklyn Electric Line, or by horse car lines from the E. D. ferries. 

Washington Cemetery, situated on Ocean Parkway about half way 
between Prospect Park and Coney Island, embraces about 100 acres of land 
and is a favorite burial place for Hebrews. Many metropolitan societies, 
clubs and lodges have plots within its grounds. No sectarian rules restrict 
interment in the cemetery. The most convenient route is by the Prospect 
Park and Coney Island R. R., to Parkville station. The cemetery is 
bounded by the great boulevard, 210 feet wide, one of the finest drives in 
the country. 

The Crematory. 

The Fresh Pond Crematory is situated on Mount Olivet near Fresh 
Pond, Newtown, and was organized in 1884 by the United States Crema- 
tion Company, which at present owns the institution. This crematory was 
brought into existence by the growing popularity of cremation as a method 
of disposing of the dead. Since its establishment over 850 incinerations 
have taken place. The process of cremation essentially consists in the 
reduction of the body to ashes by subjecting it to an intense heat of from 
2,500 deg. to 3,000 deg. F., in a furnace built especially for the purpose. 
The body is first placed in a peculiarly constructed retort made of chiseled 
steel to which the flames have no access. The heat does not destroy the 



CEMETERIES. 181 

form of the body which, however, crumbles to ashes upon contact with the 
air after the opening of the receptacle. The gases evolved during the pro- 
cess are consumed in an apparatus constructed for the purpose. 

Each incineration must be attended by some relative of the deceased 
or by a representative of the family. The fee for cremation is $35. No 
special preparation of the body or clothing is required. The body is alwavs 
cremated in the clothing in which it is received. It is customary to hold 
the final services over the remains before the removal to the crematory 
building, but ceremonies, if desired, may be held there immediately prior 
to incineration. The coffin from which the remains are removed is subse- 
quently burned, except in cases of death from a contagious disease, when 
it is consumed with the body. Incinerations may be public or as strictly 
private as desired. On the day following the ceremony the ashes are de- 
livered in a suitable receptacle to the friends or relatives of the deceased. 

The crematory is reached by the Long Island R, R. to Fresh Pond 
from Long Island City, or by the N. Second street surface cars. 



SUBUF^BS Aj^D NE/VR-BY (RESORTS. 



The Towns and Villages of Kings County— The Great Watering Places 
on the Eastern End of Long Island— Long Island City and its 
Manufacturing Interests. 



The growth of Brooklyn has been such within the past two decades as 
to warrant the presumption that before more than four or five years have 
elapsed the limits of the city will be co-extensive with the boundaries of 
Kin2:s County. At present, however, besides Brooklyn, Kings County con- 
tains four towns, namely. Flatbush, Flatlands, New Utrecht andGravesend, 
each with its independent local government and system of assessments, edu- 
cation, police, &c., &c., although all are alike under the general superin- 
tendence of the county authorities. With a view to the annexation of these 
townships to the city proper in the near future, the surveys of the streets, 
avenues and great parkways have been made in harmony with the plan 
adopted in Brooklyn. When the union does actually occur no renaming or 
renumbering of the * streets will be necessary, every thing that will tend to 
simplicity and convenience in this respect having been anticipated. The 
ae-g-reg-ate population of these townships is about 25,000. They occupy the 
district bounded by Brooklyn on the north. New York Harbor and the 
Narrows on the west, Gravesend Bay, the Atlantic Ocean and Jamaica Bay 
on the south and Eastern Brooklyn and Jamaica Bay on the east. 
When these towns are incorporated with the city its area will be about 
doubled, and its advantages as a residential centre unparalleled among the 
great cities of the Union. 

Flatbush, contiguous to the eastern border of Brooklyn, is a thriving and 
populous suburb, reached by the Flatbush avenue surface cars and con- 
nections from any part of the city. Here are located the County Alni'i 
Houses, the Insane Asylum and the great Public Hospitals. The town is pro- 
vided with extensive water and gas works, well paved and lighted streets, 
an efficient police force, and everything that can contribute to the develop- 
ment of the place and comfort of its inhabitants. Many of the principal 
thoroughfares are lighted by electricity, which is also used as motive power 
on some of the surface railroads in the vicinity. Lying as it does immedi- 
ately beyond Prospect Park and within easy reach of the business centres both 
of Brooklyn and New York and the sea shore, the township of Flatbush has 
been growing steadily as a residential quarter, and a number of handsome 
and very attractive villa settlements have sprung up within its limits. The 
place was originally a little Dutch hamlet called Midwout (Middle Woods), 
founded in 165 1 by a few families from New Amsterdam. It was in that year 
the first charter was given by Gov. Petrus Stuyvesant, but actual settlement 
occurred about 17 years earlier. Many of the present residents of the 



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SUBURBS AND NEAR-BY RESORTS. 183 

locality are the direct descendants of the first settlers. Some quaint old 
houses seem to remind the visitor of the past history of the place. Recently 
an excellent club called the Midwood has been organized and is doing much 
to centralize and develop the social life of Flatbush and its vicinity, (see 
Clubs, Brooklyn.) Other social clubs are the Alpine and Acme. The 
Knickerbocker Field Club has its home in Flatbush. In and about the town 
proper are many very fine residences surrounded by beautiful lawns artisti- 
cally set with ornamental trees and flowering shrubs. 

The chief executive officer of the local government is the Supervisor, under 
whose jurisdiction are the various departmental boards, namely, police, excise, 
fire, health, assessors, street and highways, and improvement. The pres- 
ent aggregate value of real estate and personal property in Flatbush is be- 
tween $10,000,000 and $11,000,000. The population in 1892 was 12,625. 

Flatlands. — The stretch of land lying between Flatbush and the west- 
ern shore of Jamaica Bay and embracing a number of the low, grass-covered 
sandy islands in which the latter abounds, is called Flatlands. This district was 
first settled about the year 1636 by a few Dutch families from New Amster- 
dam, who purchased lands for agricultural purposes from the Indians. The 
original name of the place was Amersfoort. Of all the Kings County towns 
it is the least improved, owing chiefly to its remoteness from the business 
centres of the two great cities. Now that the elevated railroads of Brook- 
lyn and the other local and suburban rapid transit lines have to a great de- 
gree annihilated distances, a new era has set in and Flatlands bids fair to 
become a very populous residential district. The settlement is as yet rather 
scattered. Farming and market gardening are extensively carried on. A 
number of residential centres are springing up, the chief of them being 
Canarsie, on the shore of Jamaica Bay, and reached by the railroad from 
Manhattan crossing in East New York. The government of the township 
is similar to that of Flatbush in its organizations, and embraces boards of 
health, excise, streets and highways, assessors and police. The chief 
athletic, sporting and social clubs are the Excelsior, Beneficial Gun Club, 
Amersfoort Athletic Club, Union Gun Club and Canarsie Turtle Club. The 
population in 1892 was 4,234. The real and personal property of the town- 
ship is valued at about one and three quarters million dollars. 

New Utrecht. — Of all the Kings County towns New Utrecht is the 
most attractive with respect to location and the variety of scenery it affords. 
It extends from the southern boundary of Brooklyn at 65th street along The 
Narrows and the shore of Gravesend Bay to the town of Gravesend, which 
with Flatbush forms its eastern boundary. Its governm.ent is similar in 
character to that of Flatbush already described and its permanent popula- 
tion is about seven thousand. Formerly the majority of its people were en- 
gaged in gardening, but it looks now as if all the farms were being cut up 
into streets and planted with the homes of the prosperous middle classes. In 
laying out streets the city plan of Brooklyn is followed, and the streets named 
and numbered accordingly. The extension of the harbor will eventually sur- 
round New Utrecht with a line of docks and piers and drive the clubs and 
summer residences away. Meantime these are in great demand owing to 
the ease with which their members and owners can travel backwards and 
forwards to their places of business in Brooklyn and New York. The 
first village next to Brooklyn on the water side is Bay Ridge, which is con- 
nected by ferry with New York and by street cars with Brookl3m. There 
are many handsome residences in this section, especially along the road 
which overlooks the upper bay. On the shore are the club houses and 



184 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

grounds of numerous athletic clubs, including the Atlantic Yacht Club, 
Varuna Boat Club, Nautilus Boat Club and Crescent Athletic Club. 

Eighty-second street divides Bay Rid^e from Fort Hamilton, named 
after the fort located on the Long Island side of the Narrows. Important 
works are in progress at this fort which will make it a real instead of an ob- 
solete defence of the harbor. Just off Fort Hamilton is the dismantled 
circular fortress called Fort Lafayette, used now principally for the 
storage of explosives. The trials of the Zabriskie gun were made at this fort. 
The village of Fort Hamilton contains a number of hotels and boarding 
houses. It did have a very large hotel which was one of the sights of the 
harbor a few months ago, when it was burned down. This hoteloccupied a 
commanding site on the bluff, and at night was made conspicuous by rows 
of colored lights hung about its verandas. Fort Hamilton is quite an ex- 
cursion resort and has ^the usual razzle-dazzle features, toboggan slides, 
dancing pavilions, etc. 

Fronting on Gravesend .Bay the next village to Fort Hamilton is Bath 
Beach, which is always crowded in the season. It has a great many hotels, 
some elegant homes and numerous Queen Anne cottages. The club house 
of the popular Marine and Field Club is located here. Bath Beach, like all 
other places on Gravesend Bay, has good still-water bathing and sufficient 
facilities for boating and canoeing. It is not an expensive place to Summer 
in and consequently not particularly exclusive. 

Bensonhurst, farther up the Bay, is more desirable to live in, as all the 
lots are sold under restrictions and there is only one hotel in the village. 
All these httle towns are well drained and suppHed with water, and have 
abundant transportation f acihties by steam and electric cars. Beyond Ben- 
sonhurst is Unionville. Besides the Marine and Field Club already men- 
tioned, the houses of the Bensonhurst Club, New Utrecht Club, and Brook- 
lyn Yacht Club are found along the shore. 

Inland there are many charming hamlets, which, however, are rather 
groups of permanent homes than summer resorts. Among the best known 
of these are West Brooklyn, Blytheboume, Lefferts Park, Martense and 
Mapleton. The village of New Utrecht proper was originally a cluster of 
farm houses and country stores, but recently a number of quite handsome 
residences have been built there. There is also a car building plant at this 
point. 

Martense, a new villa site, is located just to the south of Prospect Park, 
and will doubtless soon be among the prettiest surburban residential 
centres. Martense is within a mile of 39th street ferry, from which it may be 
easily reached by the electric cars, or by the Brooklyn, Bath and West End 
R. R. From Brooklyn Bridge and Brooklyn proper the quickest means of 
access is by the Fifth avenue elevated R. R. audits connections at Union 
Depot with the Prospect Park and Coney Island R. R. 

Mapleton, a beautiful suburb, is situated in the heart of New Utrecht 
bordering Blythebourne, Bath Beach Junction, Ardmore and the great 
Ocean Parkway. It is easily reached by the N. Y. and Sea Beach R. R. 
from 65th street ferry, the Brooklyn, Bath and West End R. R. and the 
Prospect Park and Coney Island R. R., connecting with the Fifth avenue 
Elevated R. R. at 36th street (Union Depot.) The convenience of location 
and pleasant surroundings of the place will make Mapleton one of the most 
attractive villa centres o£ this part of the island. 

Gravesend has a population of 8,418. Its boundaries include all ot 
Kings County not already mentioned, viz: Coney Island and the triangular 



SUBURBS AND NEAR-BY RESORTS. 185 

piece of territory north of the Island between New Utrecht and Flatlands, 
Its principal villages are Gravesend, Sheepshead Bay, Vv'est Brighton, 
Brighton Beach and Manhattan Beach. Gravesend is inland and is chiefl}^ 
noteworthy because of its race track where the great Brooklyn Handicap is 
run every Spring by the Brooklyn Jockey Club. 

CoNF.Y Island has been written up so often that the supply of appropriate 
adjectives has run out. There is nothing just like it anywhere in the world, 
though the more rackety sections of it have been duplicated. What the 
imitators of Coney Island have failed to recognize is that this little strip of 
sand has advantages of situation that no other piece of coast can hope to 
have — that the people who go there constitute much of its charm, perhaps 
all of it, and that without the hundreds of thousands of excursionists always 
there in the season Coney Island might perhaps be dull. 

It is like the Boulevards of Paris, whose habitues, when away, are 
always homesick for their stretches of pavement. They can find similar 
expanses of asphalt elsewhere, but nowhere else the same atmosphere. 
Returning to their beloved streets the Boulevardiers feel revivified. Life 
seems to be so much fuller of enjoyment, their senses keener to pleasure. So 
with Coney Island. Long mental association of its name with memories of 
pleasure there enjoyed makes it impossible for the habitue to feel sad, or 
gloomy or depressed there. Thousands of gay people make a gay atmos- 
phere. The air is surcharged with happiness as with electricity sometimes 
before a storm. First visitors quickly feel this influence and lose the 
desire to be critical in their determination to be pleased with everything. 

That is why Coney Island is different from other day resorts. The 
people who go there feel like the children at a circus. Then, of course, a 
few people could not create such an atmosphere. Coney Island draws its 
crowds from New York, Brooklyn, Long Island City, Jersey City, Hoboken, 
Newark, in fact, all the cities and towns constituting the metropolitan 
district, wherein more than four million people reside. All these people 
can go to Coney Island and return for less than a dollar, and the cost to the 
great majority is only a quarter. The journey consumes from twenty 
minutes to two hours each way. For most people the time spent on each 
trip IS about half an hour. Steam cars, steamboats, electric cars and 
carriages are the conveyances. 

Of course. Coney Island has other advantages than proximity to the 
gTeat hive of America. It has the finest beach on the coast, a gradually 
shelving slope of pure white sand up which the surf rolls and breaks and 
falls gently in summer time as a rule, but occasionally with dreadful pov, cr. 
In winter ravages are made, to repair which great sums must be spent 
each Spring. The beach is always kept in perfect condition and everything 
else is done to facilitate enjoyment. 

Coney Island is substantially a part of Long Island, from which it is 
separated by Gravesend and Jamaica Bays and a narrow creek joining the 
two bays. The Atlantic shore alone is made attractive, and for only little 
more than half its length of five miles. In that short distance, however, 
are distinctive resorts for the comparatively poor, the well-to-do and the 
rich, all differently named, 

Norton's Point is the name of the eastern end of the Island. Here the 
steamboats land when the Atlantic is too boisterous for their safety. There 
is a lighthouse here and under its lee many small craft take shelter when 
the weather outside is rough. The land here is being improved and laid 
out in villa plots for summer residences, for which purpose it is eminently 



186 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

well fitted. A stretch of unimproved property intervenes and then comes 
the noisy part of Coney Island, 

West Brighton, the fakir and frankfurter quarter. Admission to the 
attractions here is cheap and a good deal is given for the money in the way 
of glare and blare. All the little gambling schemes known to visitors to 
county fairs are in operation here. Strange monsters unknown to natural- 
ists are to be seen in the museums. The jokes at the concert halls are de- 
cidedly broad and the songs full of suggestive innuendo. But there are in- 
nocent funmakers too — merry-go-rounds, swings, toboggans, razzle-dazzles, 
a camera obscura, an observatory 300 feet high, and a gigantic elephant, 
whose inner works are quite marvelous in their way and may be explored at 
trifling expense. It is so long since that elephant was built that people have 
forgotten thatitmighthave given rise to an expression everybody uses at some 
time — "seeing the elephant." "To see the elephant" and "to paint the town" 
both indicate the stage of hilarity that many visitors to West Brighton 
reach. But there is no rampant rowdyism, as this, like all other frequented 
parts of the island, is well policed. Here is the long iron tubular pier 1,300 
feet long, at the end of which, away out beyond the influence of the surf, the 
steamboats land. This pier fascinates visitors, it is so novel and strange, 
requiring explanation before its seemingly unnecessary length can be under- 
stood. Soon the bathers catch the eye. On a fine holiday afternoon the 
beach is often black with them. Then come the endless strings of bath- 
houses, mare sand, then an emerald strip of lav/n bedecked with bright- 
hued flowers, on the other side of which is the boulevard or principal thorough- 
fare of the Island. There are two big hotels here, the West Brighton and Sea 
Beach, also numerous restaurants, from the open air booths where boiled 
frankfurter sausages constitute the staple fare, up to somewhat pretentious 
affairs where more or less well cooked fish dinners may be had. Prices are 
comparatively low, for West Brighton is the resort of the masses. The 
classes affect other parts of the island. People who take their pleasures 
quietly and do not care to pay too heavily for them, go to 

Brighton Beach, at the centre of the island. It has numerous inde- 
pendent means of approach, but is also joined to West Brighton by an ele- 
vated railway. Brighton is not free from the fakir tribe, but they are less 
blatant than those who infest the western resort and do not persecute 
visitors. Back of the beach is Brighton race track, where there are very 
good races every Summer. The bathing houses are very good here , and there 
are plank and tile walks along the beach. The main attractions, apart from 
the facilities for bathing and promenading, are the Brighton Beach Hotel, 
a large structure over 500 feet long with aspacious veranda running 
round three sides of it, and the amphitheatre where daily concerts are 
given by famous orchestras. It is this hotel that was moved bodily a con- 
siderable distance inland some years ago when the sea threatened to under- 
mine it. The restaurant service at this hotel is good and is patronized by 
many hundreds daily. Exclusiveness can only be obtained at Coney Island 
by charging prices that the mob cannot pay. Going west, prices go up 
steadily. At 

Manhattan Beach the highest scale is reached. Here none but well 
dressed people are seen, and the best of order prevails. There are two 
hotels which enjoy a world wide fame for the excellence of their tables. Their 
fare is not surpassed in New York and is not elsewhere in America equalled. 
The Manhattan Beach Hotel is one of the largest in the world. It is given 
up to transient business almost entirely and does in addition an exception- 



SUBURBS AND NEAR-BY RESORTS. 187 

ally large restaurant business. As many as two thousand people can find 
seats at one time in its dining room and at the tables upon its bro ad 
piazzas. The Oriental Hotel is not quite so large as the other and is more 
pretentious in its architecture. It seeks the patronage of people who intend 
to pass several weeks at the beach, and excludes mere diners, except those 
who come invited by guests of the hotel. Manhattan Beach is connected 
with Brighton Beach by a railway. It is also reached directly by the Long 
Island Railroad. Besides its epicurean delights the beach is famous for its 
great musical amphitheatre and its grand pyrotechnic displays. Gilmore's 
band has played through the season there for years, giving two concerts 
daily at which many famous musicians have been heard. In addition there 
are, of course, the bathing and the promenading, the fresh breezes and the 
surf which constitute the basic attractions of the whole island. 

Brooklyn, Bath and West End Kailroad, 

Quite the quickest, safest, most convenient, in some respects the most 
agreeable way of getting to Coney Island is to take the Brooklyn, Bath and 
West End Railroad. Trains on this road leave half hourly between 6.30 A. 
M. and 11.40 P. M., from the spacious and handsome depot at Fifth avenue 
and Thirty-sixth street, also from the other large station at Second avenue 
and Thirty-ninth street. 

The former is also the terminus of the Fifth avenue line of the Union 
Elevated Railroad and the latter of the South Brooklyn Ferry which leaves 
New York from the foot of Whitehall street. 

On Wednesday and Saturday nights theatre trains are run over the 
line, leaving the Thirty-sixth street depot at 12.15. Practically, this road 
is both an excursion line and a suburban road. Hence the comprehensive- 
ness of the train schedule. Trains leave Unionville every half hour from 
5.35 A. M. to II P. M. and Coney Island every half hour from 7 A. M. to 11 P. 
M. Few suburban towns have so good a train service as those along 
this line, viz: West Brooklyn, Lefferts' Park, Blythebourne, New Utrecht, 
Bath Beach, Bensonhurst, and Unionville. As an excursion line this road 
is also to be highly commended both for safety, comfort and speed. The 
entire trip from Brooklyn to Coney Island is made in twenty-five minutes. 
Tickets may be purchased at any elevated railway station in New York or 
Brooklyn, except those on the line of the Kings County, and cost but 25 
cents for the round trip from Brooklyn and 35 cents from New York. 

Open cars are run during fair weather in Summer, and closed cars dur- 
ing Winter and stormy weather. The road bed is always kept in perfect 
condition, and is so systematically and watchfully run that serious accidents 
never occur. Whenever the crowds are unusually large, special trains are 
put on, so that the accommodations are always ample. The route is through 
one of the prettiest parts of Long Island, so that it is a delight to travel over 
this road. 

Commutation arrangements are very liberal. Between the Union 
Depot or the ferry and Unionville or any intermediate station a 300 trip 
ticket may be purchased for $15. Fifty tickets between Brooklyn and the 
Brooklyn Yacht Club's Station cost $4.00; Fifty trips between Brooklyn and 
Bensonhurst cost $3.75, and fifty trips between Brooklyn and Lefferts' 
Park cost $2. 50. 

The road has recently been equipped with new locomotives and a num- 
ber of handsomely appointed cars, so that its rolling stock is now equal to 
the road bed. The road is seven miles long, double tracked throughout, 



188 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

ballasted with stone, and furnished with steel rails. The Coney Island sta- 
tion is situated in the very heart of that great pleasure resort and all the 
terminals are capable of accommodating comfortably crowds of any propor- 
tion. 

Sea Beach Route to Coney Island. 

*'Time will tell," says an ancient saw, and in a double sense this is true 
of the popular route to the sea. Its running time of twelve minutes from 
Third avenue and Sixty-fifth street to Coney Island has held it for years in 
the position of favorite as against the roads which so freely advertise them- 
selves as the "quickest" but dare not mention their schedule time. 

At Sixty- fifth street the New York & Sea Beach Railroad makes close 
connection with the Brooklyn & Union Elevated Railroad, carrying pas- 
sengers from all parts of Brooklyn for a smgle fare, and also with the 
Brooklyn City Electric lines which bring passengers directly and quickly 
from the bridge and all the East River ferries. 

During Winter trains run hourly, but in Summer they never run at 
greater intervals than half hourly, and on Sundays, holidays and when 
business requires it, at intervals of fifteen minutes. The fare is the lowest 
charged by any road (ten cents each way) while the accommodations are of 
the best. Passengers are landed in the midst of West Brighton, in the com- 
modious depot known as the Sea Beach Palace, fronting directly on Surf 
avenue. In the main hall of this building (360 by 150 feet) a continuous 
entertainment of great interest is conducted, which is free to passengers, 
and is patronized by thousands of women and children daily. All the at- 
tractions of West Brighton centre at this point. Directly adjoining the 
Sea Beach Palace in the rear is James Pain & Son's mammoth fireworks 
enclosure, in which, from June to September, is given, nightly, the greatest 
display of fireworks in the world. Passengers by the Sea Beach Railroad, 
by exclusive contracts, are admitted to the fireworks display and reserved 
seats at a reduction of twenty per cent, from the regular prices. 

During eight years, under the present management, not a single pas- 
senger has lost life or limb on this road. The circumstance is mentioned 
as a fact unique in the history of excursion railroads. During the same 
period no scheduled train has been omitted, and no passenger train has left 
the tracks or met with collision. 

Although millions of people have been transported, and frequently as 
many as thirty thousand in a single day, the train service has never been 
overtaxed, and the convenience of the public has been regarded as the par- 
amount consideration. 

From New York also this route is the quickest, making with regularity 
its schedule time of 37 minutes from Whitehall street (terminus of all the 
Elevated railroads) to Coney Island. During the hot Summer months 
great numbers of Brooklyn residents, whose places of business are in New 
York, take advantage of its facilities in meeting their families at Coney 
Island for bathing, dinner and fireworks, returning in the evening to their 
homes in Brooklyn. 

Sheepshead Bay is the name of a little bay which separates the east 
end of Coney Island from Long Island, also of a little villa and Summer 
boarding house settlement, and of the famous racetrack of the Coney Island 
Jockey Club, where some of the greatest events of the year are decided, in- 
cluding the Suburban and the Futurity. There are two race meetings each 
season here, one in June and one in September. 



SUBURBS AND NEAR-BY RESORTS. 189 

The great sand bar of which Coney Island is the western extremity 
protects the entire south coast of Long Island, though the sea has broken 
through in many places, turning portions of this gigantic sand spit into 
islands. Still other portions are connected with the mainland. Such a 
peninsula is 

RocKAWAY Beach, which shelters the waters of Jamaica Bay. Once 
this strip of sand was the most fashionable and exclusive coast resort in the 
country. Before Long Branch, Newport and Cape May this beach was the 
vogue. Presidents summered there, and the greater men who couldn't be 
presidents, while all distinguished strangers were taken there much as they 
are now guided to Newport. With easy and cheap means of communication 
established exclusiveness disappeared and the wealthy sought it elsewhere. 
To-day Rockaway Beach is about the cheapest of all the seaside excursion 
places and one of the most extensively frequented. It has an advantage 
over Coney Island, in that it affords still water as well as surf bathing. 
People who do not relish the buffets of the Atlantic are well pleased to dis- 
port themselves in the placid waters of Jamaica Bay, The largest excur- 
sion boats in the world ply between New York and Rockaway Beach, land- 
ing at long piers on the bay or ocean sides. It is also reached by rail and 
by steam ferries from the Brooklyn side of Jamaica Bay. Rockaway has 
none of the expensive attractions of Coney Island. It hasn't any big hotel 
or amphitheatre or pyrotechnics. But it has any quantity of bathing houses, 
bowling alleys, dance halls, bilhard rooms and fish dinner places. Beyond 
Rockaway Beach a few nriles is 

Arverne-by-the-Sea, one of the prettiest of the new resorts. It is an 
exclusive little village, all the villa plots being sold under restrictions and 
only one hotel being allowed. It has no particular attraction for visitors 
unless they are looking for a place whereon to build a quiet Summer home. 
Ocean Park and Wave Crest are similar villa settlements. At the eastern 
extremity of the Rockaway peninsula is 

Far Rockaway, which is not so much a place of excursion as a Summer 
resort. There are several fairly good hotels here and swarms of boarding 
houses. Excellent driving roads lead in all directions, and there is safe 
boating on Far Rockaway Bay, also bathing, and in the season some shoot- 
ing. It was on this point that the famous Marine Hotel stood, where the 
people who made the beach fashionable used to stay between forty and 
fifty years ago. Its destruction by fire was fatal to the social supremacy of 
this resort. Jumping the break in the great sand bar caused by the inlet to 
Hempstead Bay, we come to 

Long Beach, one of the most charming seaside retreats along the whole 
coast. It has a very fine hotel, with cottages annexed for those who prefer 
greater privacy. The beach here is so hard that driving and walking along 
its edge involve no more fatigue than if it were paved. A marine railway 
connects Long Beach with Point Lookout at the eastern end of the Island, 
where there are more cottages and another hotel. 

Lonf? Island City. 

Long Island City came into existence in 1S70 when the State Legisla- 
ture incorporated under this name the six villages of Astoria, Ravenswood, 
tlunter's Point, Dutch Kills, Bowery Bay, and Blissville, Its area is about 
twelve square miles, and it is situated opposite New York and on the other 
side of Newtown Creek from the eastern district of Brooklyn. At the time 
of incorporation the population of the city was about 15,000, while now it 



190 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

has grown to close upon 40,000. It is above all things a mantifacturing 
centre, though portions of it are given up exclusively to residences, many 
of which are of very sumptuous character, and are occupied either as per- 
manent homes or summer retreats by some of New York's best known busi- 
ness men. The value of real estate in the city is placed at about sixteen 
million dollars, w^hich is a very low estimate. 

Some of the largest factory plants of their kind in the world are located 
here. Among these are the mammoth piano factories of Steinway and 
Sons, the rope walks of the John Good Cordage and Machine Company, 
and the works now in process of erection for the East River Gas Company. 
Long Island City is also the principal terminus of the Long Island Railroad. 
It has plenty of water frontage, is in constant communication with New 
York and Brooklyn by ferry and street car lines, and has all the modern 
municipal improvements. There is no better location for factories any- 
where in the neighborhood of New York, nor on the other hand are there 
any more attractive suburbs than those parts of Long Island City into 
which factories have not intruded because of their remoteness from the 
docks and railway. These districts are readily accessible from New York 
and Brooklyn, however, and yet have aU the exclusiveness necessar}^ to 
quiet home life. The city is abundantly supplied with water from driven 
wells, one at Hunter's Point and one at Steinway. 

Long Island City has handsome public buildmgs including the Queens 
County Court House and Jail, the eight public schools and a number of 
churches. There are in all nineteen churches, owned by the Baptist, Metho- 
dist Episcopal, Presbyterian, Protestant Episcopal, Reformed and Roman 
Catholic denominations. The city is spending a gi-eat deal of money in im- 
proving the streets and some very handsome thoroughfares are the result. 
All the principal streets are sewered, guttered, paved and well hghted. 
There are over fifty miles of sewers. The finest streets are Jackson and 
Vernon avenues and the Boulevard. At the junction of the two former is a 
handsome square. Monitor square. The policy of improvement is being 
vigorously pushed by the New Mayor, Mr. Horatio S. Sanford. There are 
two police stations, also two fire stations. 

Much is also being done for the improvement of the city by a number 
of persons and companies owning real estate. Chief of these is the firm of 
Steinway and Sons, whose property in Astoria is almost a town by itself. 
They originally planned to build a model town for the benefit of the em- 
ployees of their great piano works. Close upon a thousand model dwell- 
ings have been erected, besides a number of handsome villa residences, and 
these have been sold or are for sale at very moderate prices and on easy 
terms. All the streets in Steinway are well graded, curbed, guttered, sewer- 
ed, planted with shade trees and lighted by gas. Every house has an 
abundant supply of pure water. The Steinway Railway Company operates 
a double track electric street car line from the Astoria Ferry which runs to 
East Ninety-second street. New York, and connecting with the horse car 
lines to the Thirty-fourth street and James Slip ferries at Hunter's Point. 
The projected bridge across Blackwell's Island from the foot of Sixty-fourth 
street, New York, will have its eastern terminus near Steinway. The office 
of Steinway and Sons is at 107 East Fourteenth street, New York. 

Other strong factors in the improvements of Long Island City are 
the Ravenswood Improvement Company, 21 Borden avenue, and the As- 
toria Homestead Company, 931 Steinway avenue. 



SUBURBS AND NEAR-BY RESORTS. 191 

There are two systems of street railway operated by the Steinway Rail- 
way Company, whose office is on the corner of Steinway and Winthrop 
avenues, and the Long Island City and Newtown Railway Company, whose 
office is at 112 Front street. The former company operates four lines: The 
Flushing avenue line from Astoria Ferry through Fulton and Main streets 
to Flushing and Steinway avenues to Steinway and on to North Beach; the 
Ravenswood line from Hunter's Point Ferry through Vernon avenue to As- 
toria Ferry; the Steinway and Jackson avenue line from Hunter's Point Ferry 
through Jackson avenue to Sunnyside, then on Steinway avenue 
to Steinway, and North Beach; and the Dutch Kills line from Hunter's 
Point Ferry, along Jackson avenue, branching off at Jane street to Main street 
and the Astoria Ferry. The other company is controlled by Mr. P. J. Glea- 
son, who was Mayor of Long Island City for six years. This also is an elec- 
tric road. Its route begins at Thirty-fourth Street Ferry and follows Borden 
avenue through BlissviUe across Greenpoint avenue to Laurel Hill, across 
the Shell Road through Berlin Village, across Merse (?) avenue to Grand 
street, Maspeth, and across Grand street to Mount Olivet Cemetery, and 
thence in a straight line to the Lutheran Cemetery. It connects with cars 
for the Grand, Houston, Roosevelt, Tenth and Twenty-third street ferries 
to New York from Brooklyn. 

There are two banks in the city, one a State bank and the other a sav- 
ings institution. The Queens County Bank, as the former is called, has a 
capital of $100,000 and a surplus and undivided profits aggregating $85,000. 
Its building is on the corner of Borden and Front streets. It has a very 
distinguished board of directors, including such men as William Steinway, 
H. B. Hollins, Jas. T. Woodward, Wm. F. Havemeyer, E. Lehman, E. 
Caiman and Jos. A. Auerbach. 

One of this city's enterprises which bids fair to play a great part is the 
East River Gas Company, which expects to supply the whole metropolitan 
district with gas. Its works are between Webster avenue and the East 
River. The present capacity of its gasometers is 300,000 feet, but when 
the works now under way are completed they will have twenty times this 
capacity. This company is tunnelling the East River so as to be able to 
supply New York city. The tunnel is 135 feet tinder the water at the Long 
Island side and 150 feet below at the New York side. It runs most of the 
way through solid rock and will be completed in July, 1893. The New York 
office of this company is at 40 Wall street, and the officers are Emerson 
McMillin, President, and Richard N. Young, Secretary and Treasurer. 

The Long Island City Electric Illuminating Company, whose office is at 
112 Front street, supplies many of the principal streets with light, and 
many factories, stores and residences besides, providing both arc and incan- 
descent lights, also motive power. It was founded in 1891, has a capital of 
$50,000, and is proving a very successful enterprise. Edward M. TyrreU is 
President, and Philip J. Coffey, Secretary. 

Among the numerous large industrial plants located within the bounds of 
the city the most celebrated are the piano works of Steinway & Sons, whose 
headquarters are in New York; the Daimler Company, whose office is at 11 1 
East Fourteenth street. New York, makers of the famous Daimler gas mo- 
tors; the John Good Cordage and Machine Company, office Morris Building, 
New York; the Oakes Manufacturing Company, whose offices are in New 
York, Boston and Philadelphia, makers of extracts of dye-woods, dj^e 
liquors, chemicals, and dye stuffs; and the Sohmer Piano Company, whose 
warerooms and offices are at 149 East Fourteenth street, New York. Other 



192 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

• 
important business houses are: Edward Smith & Co., varnishes, works 
here, and ofhce in the Times Building, New York; Mayer & Lowenstein, 
164 Water street. New York, varnishes and Japans; Ward S. Reeves, Boule- 
vard and Camelia street, lumber; the Astoria Veneer Mills, office 120 East 
Thirteenth street. New York; L. Hanson, Broadway and Sherman street, 
dressed timber; H. F. Quinn & Sons, 22 East Fifth street, carpenters and 
contractors; S. E. Bronson, 52, 54, 56 West avenue, sash and door makers; 
Smith, Carpenter & Co, Greenpoint avenue and Newtown Creek, lumber; 
the Sims Lumber Company, Flushing street, North Carolina lumber; A. 
A. Petry & Co., Seventh street and Jackson avenue, workers in tin, copper 
and sheet iron ; Hagan & Daly, foot of Seventh street, boiler manufac- 
turers; the Simonds Manufacturing Company, office at 50 Cliff street. New 
York, furnaces, ranges, etc.; G. L. Steubner & Company, 168 East Third 
street, self dumping steel and iron hoisting tubs, etc. ; Julius Hunerbein, 
21 Borden avenue, architect; G. E. Clay, 5 Jackson avenue, real estate 
and insurance; George E. Payne, 75 Jackson avenue, real estate and in- 
surance; Leonard C. L. Smith, 77 Jackson avenue, civil engineer; Emil 
Sauermilch, 433 Steinway avenue, real estate and insurance, Rudolph 
Horak 256 Steinway avenue, real estate and insurance; George H. Paynter, 
83 Borden avenue, real estate and insurance; Clonin & Messenger, Boule- 
vard and Camelia street, coal and wood; Henry Menken, foot of Main 
street, coal and wood; John T- Peters, 39 Borden avenue, manufacturer of 
sheep fertilizer and florist, green houses at Dutch Kills; Beyer & Morgan, 
elevators, foot of East avenue; B. Moore, Jr., corner Main and Remsen 
streets, baker and caterer; and Wm. K. Moore's Astoria and Long Island 
City Express, 188 Main street. The most important building contractors 
are H. F. Quinn & Son, whose business was established in 1870. They 
built the First and Third Ward schools. David Ingram, manufacturer 
and dyer of cotton yarns for manufacturers' use, has his dye works and spool- 
ing mill here. His office is at 96 Spring street, New York. 



LONS ISLAND. 



Its Towns, Villages and Summer Resorts — Its Bays and Islands — Land 

and Water Sports. 



The Long Island railroad traveler has no need of an observation car. 
From the windows of his coach only the most prosaic and unattractive part 
of the Nassau Island of Indian days passes before his eyes. His progress 
is through unreheved farming country with no marked characteristics, or 
else through miles of the region of scrub oaks and pines. Hardly ever is 
there a hint of the delightful little bays, landlocked harbors, glistening 
beaches and picturesque sand dunes that lie just beyond his range of vision. 

It has grown into a phrase of the day — this flatness of Long Island. 
Like many another saying, it was not made " from the card." He who 
originated it could never once have left his train. The traveler, even, 
landed on any station platform you please, sees little else around him but 
flatness. But let him jump into a trap and take up the reins. If he is on 
the north shore it will be but a few moments before he is transported into a 
different world, a land of rolling country, of valleys and deep depressions, 
of little hills and constant surprises in the wavering shore line. On the 
south shore the land slopes gently down from the ' ' backbone of Long Island" 
(a ridge of hills through the island's centre, from Brooklyn to the shores of 
Peconic Bay) to the ocean's beach. From Hempstead to the Hamptons the 
wonderful Great South Bay makes an aquatic playground for the summer 
resident. Here is the stillest of water gleaming and lapping the shores. 
On the narrow strip of land at its outer edge. Fire Island or Great South 
Beach, you find old ocean at her best. From the Hamptons to Montauk 
the land's character changes completely. The ocean comes up to the 
cottagers' very doors, and ths sand dunes raise themselves. 

But the view from the railroad shows nothing of these beauties. The 
iron rails take the shortest distance between two points. The railroad 
builders followed the lead of the makers of Long Island turnpikes. They 
kept along the Hne of the "middle country road" to Greenport, the "south 
country road" to Sag Harbor, connecting the two at Manor, a junction in 
scrub oak land. From the north shore they built three separate spurs, the 
Flushing Branch, or the North Side, direct from Long Island City; the Oy- 
ster Bay, leaving the main line at Mineola; and the Port Jeff erson, heading 
directly "nor'nor'east" from Hicksville. 

It is interesting to note and compare the Long Island road of to-day, 
absolutely without competition, with the time of a quarter of a century ago 
when all these branches mentioned were separate and independent lines. 
The State Engineer's report, as late as 1874, gives Long Island eight differ- 
ent roads. Only one of these, A. T. Stewart's Central, from Flushing to 



194 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Garden City, has fallen into disuse. The others, one by one, have been ab- 
sorbed into the L. I. R. R. 

According to the tracks so has the island blocked itself out into sec- 
tions. At Jamaica is the focal centre. The cry "Jamaica, Change cars!" 
is a familiar one to the Lon^ Island sojourner. Five miles to the north is 
Flushing and her quota of tiny suburbs. Ten miles to the south is the 
Rockaway region. On the southern line of rails stretches the east south 
side, the south side proper, the "ogues" and the Hamptons. All through 
this region the chief industries, outside of half a dozen thriving little towns, 
are boating, fishing, oystering and Summer boarders. Just south of the 
"backbone range" of hills in the centre of the Island is a superb farming 
district, from Garden City to Farmingdale. At Farmingdale the land of 
pines commences,, and lasts, with hardly one interruption, nearly to 
the shores of Peconic Bay. South of the central range of hills the soil is 
sandy, north it is mainly loam, though almost on the Sound's shores great 
sand tracts are to be met with. The north shore towns have a picturesque- 
ness that is all their own. They are bustling to an extent, and nearly 
every important one has some profitable manufacturing interest. Sailing is 
as popular here as along the shores of the Great South Bay. The north 
shore is more of a region of homes, permanent residents and old families. 
It has a county and town society that is all its own, well defined social in- 
terests, and clubs. The Summer months swell its population materially, but 
it is not inundated with visitors as is the south side. It boasts of no great 
Summer hotels ; its life is that of the village alone. 

The south side does not lack these features, but they are not so evident 
as in the days of summering. The land of cottages and hotels for Long 
Island is from Rockville Centre to Sag Harbor. "Sportsman's Land" is the 
island's centre, the Great South Bay and Shinnecock. The fisherman 
meets with success all along the coast, both north and south. 

Jainaica, the Gateway. 

Jamaica is the gateway to the Long Island towns. Through her must 
the entrance be sought both to Sound and Sea. Train after train rolls up 
from New York or Brooklyn, transfers its passengers, makes up, and rolls 
on again, distributing to every point. From the station or car window 
there is little to see but a railroad yard and a few score buildings of dingy 
wood. A solitary church tower shows itself to the passer-by. As the train 
pulls away, it runs through a cut, or on deeply depressed tracks. _ When 
the surface is again reached, there is httle trace of the town left behind. 

Yet Jamaica town, though in a township small in extent compared with 
many of those in Queens and Suffolk counties, has an importance and dig- 
nity not generally understood. Her standing is commercial, legal and his- 
toric. Outside of being a railroad centre, Jamaica is the trading place of 
farmers for miles around. The town's main street is a continuation of 
Fulton street, Brooklyn. From the Manhattan Beach crossing in East 
New York to the Jamaica village line (five miles) it is known as the Ja- 
maica Plank Road. In the town it takes on the name of Fulton street 
again. An electric line from East New York runs through it to the 
easterly vihage line. Its tracks are built especially to the market wagon 
gauge, and each night sees a long procession of produce loads bound city- 
wards. 

Though so near to the gates of the " Greater Brooklyn," and recently 
awakened to a sense of prosperity after a century of sleep, Jamaica isundeni- 



CHAS. S. LYNAN, 

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in 

Hortli RlYer and Pennsylvania Blue Stone 



FLAGGING, SILLS, COPING, STEPS, ETC., 
Also Rubbed Sills, Mantels and Hearths. 



PLANED AND SAWED STONE AND TRIMMINGS FOR 
BUILDINGS, CONSTANTLY ON HAND. 



Office, cor. Clinton and Flushing Aves., 

Telephone, 618 Brooklyn. BROOKLITX. 



H. JOHNSON, 

SEALER IN 

Furniture, 

Stoves, Carpets, 

Oilcloths. 

ETC. 




1 18 HAMILTON AVE., 



BKOOKtiYN, N. Y. 




XX„ BffiOS-EYE VIEW (S 




LONG ISLANB. 



CARPETS— PRINTERS— MINERAL WATERS. 



AprGlEANINGlWORl^S 

oGAf\PET Store "f 



\9 




^/ini" 









HO^^ , 



ISf^OKLYHJU- 



Y. & E. GREENEBAUM, 



STEAM PRINTERS, 



13 Spruce Street, 



Ne^v York. 



HIGHEST RATES. 



POOREST WORK. 



. i I "vi 



,^ 



American Monarch Ginger Ale, Belfast Ginger Ale, 

Lemon Soda, Extra Plain Soda, 

Sarsaparilla, Vichy, 

Kissengen, Seltzer, 

and Carbonic Waters. 

CHAMPAGNE, PIPIN AND RUSSET CIDER. 

Also, SODA FOUNTAINS, SYRUPS AND FRUIT EXTRACTS. 

GEORGE RUSSELL, 369 JAY ST., BROOKLYN. 



LONG ISLAND. 195 

ably quaint. It is a curious hodge podge of a little city and an old country 
town. A mile west of the village line on the Plank Road is an old toll gate 
where payment is still in force. Within the village many of the old and 
historic landmarks are standing, intact and unmodernized. In a grove of 
trees, at the west end of Fulton street, is the ancient mansion of the famous 
King family. Here lived Rufus King, gentleman, statesman, essayist in 
collaboration with Alexander Hamilton, and farmer. In 1795 he was min- 
ister to England. As late as 1804 he was back in his Jamaica home, farm- 
ing once more. His son, General John A. King, was Governor of New 
York in 1857. The descendants of the family still live in the old time house. 
It sits well back from the street, still in splendid repair, a testimony to the 
masterly carpentering of those days, a quaint, long and low white house 
with a double pitched roof. Up near the village's other end, but still on 
Fulton street, is the Fosdick homestead, a residence of the same type and 
belonging to the same era, Its most famous occupant was Judge Fosdick, 
deceased not so many years ago, a Long Island jurist of wide reputation. 

Fulton street is the old post road throughout the island's centre. The 
first of the great series of Long Island's hostelries of three quarters of a 
century ago is set at the comer of the street that leads up from the station. 
It is known as Pettit's Hotel, better years ago as "Jim Remsen's house," for 
this same Remsen stood behind its bar for fifty years. In his way he was a 
patroon of the west of Queens County. People speak of him nowadays as 
the "father of Rockaway Beach," for back long before the oldest inhabi- 
tant of to-day was born, "Jim" purchased it for a song while it was yet a 
waste of sand. Pettit's is not only historic and its building quaint, but it 
has the merit,besides,of capital accommodation and repast. In 1656 the town- 
ship of Jamaica was made. Its founders were a mixed colony of Quakers 
and Dutchmen, coming from Brooklyn on the one hand, Hempstead on the 
other. For nearly fifty years the Dutch dominated, until 1798 Jamaica was 
the county seat. Then a schism arose and after a bitter struggle the court 
house was placed at Mineola, only to be removed seventy-six years later to 
Long Island City. Jamaica, however, has always kept the county clerk and 
surrogate. A handsome brick building, commodious and convenient, has 
recently been erected for these officials. The Town HaU, a big building 
put up in 1869, serves the varied purposes of court room, opera house, 
dancing hall and jail. The old-time mansions and the little cemetery (ten 
rods square and quite as old as the town) stand for the village of the past. 
The Jamaica of the present is energetic and prosperous. The assessed 
valuation of the township is $7,000,000. The village proper boasts a popu- 
lation of over 5,000, two banks, water works, with the supply derived from 
driven wells, electric light and many social institutions. The Jamaica Club 
(a social organization of great prosperity) has just erected a house at the 
corner of Herriman avenue. There are nine churches, the Methodist dating 
back to 1800 (present edifice) and the Presbyterian congregation to 1663. 
The town is an active one socially ; its organizations include a tennis club of 
nearly forty members and a base ball nine. Its residential section is on the 
hill immediately north of Fulton street. On this a public park is now being 
laid out by the women of the town. Its boarding houses offer accomoda- 
tion for about 150 people. 

To Woodhaven on the west and to Mineola on the east, the region 
of Jamaica along the railroad line has blossomed like the rose these past ten 
years with the upbuilding of surburban towns. At Woodhaven, on the 
boundary line of the County of Kings, the railroad to Rockaway cuts across 



196 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

the country on a trestle. Woodhaven is a little mannfacttiring village, its 
industry being the making of "agate iron." The owner of the great fac- 
tory has an elaborate place with an artificial pond in full view from the car 
window. Richmond Hill, Morris Park and Dunton are rapidly grown- > 
ing towns of recent founding, and marked by broad and fine avenues. 
Dunton has a field club of over 70 members. On the easterly outskirts 
of Jamaica is Hollis, another suburban village, the residence of F. W. 
Dunton (until recently chairman of the Queens County Supervisors), who 
has done more for good roads on Long Island than any other man. Hollis' 
chief points of interest are an ancient inn on the Hempstead and Jamaica 
Plank Road, and an Odd Fellows' Home, for indigent members of that 
fraternity, established last Fall. The soil here has a surface loam which 
lends itself to good roads. It was on the site of Hollis that General Na- 
thaniel WoodhuU was taken prisoner after the battle of Long Island. Just 
beyond is the old settlement of Queens (nearly 1,000 pop.) with a carriage 
manufactory, a tennis club, a lyceum hall ancl the grounds of the Queens 
County Athletic Club. A mile to the north is the noted rifle range of 
Creedmoor where international contests have been held. A spur of the 
railroad from Floral Park runs here, but it is best reached by the Queens 
stage. 

Floral Park has its chief distinction from being the situation of an 
immense nursery and seed house. It is also a railroad junction, has a good 
hotel accommodating sixty, very many cottages, and publishes a newspaper 
that circulates all over the island. East Hinsdale (or Hinsdale) and Hyde 
Park are tiny settlements on the outskirts of Hempstead Plain. 



/cbONG THE SOUTH SHO[^E. 



The Shooting, Fishing and Sailing along Great South Bay and the 
Atlantic — Summer Cottages and Merriment — The Clam Shell Road. 



A fanning and grazing country, with the market gardening 
interests -uppermost, stretches south from Jamaica to the ocean. 
The land slopes almost imperceptibly from the hills to the coast, its 
borderland, where sea touches shore, being dotted with handsome 
residences and made park-like with great tracts of lawn and roads of the 
finest macadam. Springfield, Foster's Meadow, Valley Stream, Fenhurst 
and Woodsburgh are tiny hamlets of a country store and a post office each, 
all within the twenty-mile radius of Brooklyn and well supplied with ozone. 
Fenhurst is the romantic name given to once prosaic Hewlett's, called after 
an old Long Island family of farmers. Woodsburgh was named after the 
late Samuel Wood of Brooklyn, and was originally planned on a grand 
Bcale. Springfield has a boarding accommodation for about twenty, Fen- 
hurst fifteen and Woodsburgh several hundred. The latter place has also 
a good sized hotel. 

Cedarhurst, the station after Woodsburgh on the Far Rockaway 
Branch, owes its name and fame to being the seat of the Rockaway Hunt, 
several years ago the Rockaway Steeple Chase. Of late the course and 
steeple chasing have been abandoned and the members devote themselves 
to pursuing the fox and to polo. The Hunt is housed in a very beautiful 
country club mansion with a fine view of the sea and less than a mile from 
it. A superb polo ground is laid in front of the broad piazzas and there is 
an excellent tennis field. Within, the house's chief attraction is a great 
baronial hall with a gallery at one end, and opposite it a divanned window 
extending across its entire front. There are fifty hounds in the pack and 
150 members on the rolls. Such hunters as Foxhall Keene, Albert La Mon- 
tague, Rene La Montague, Ricardo Franke, John A. Cheever and Louis 
Nelson are to be found at the meets. George C. Rand is president, and 
John K. Cowdin the master of the hounds. James R. Keene, the father of 
the famous Foxhall, has a splendid country mansion near by, at which he 
spends the greater part of the year. The Hunt's insignia is a fox's head 
crossed by two whips. 

A mile to the west, and with its finest portion half a mile from the sta- 
tion, is located Lawrence, a place of Summer cottages. Though but a 
mile distant from Far Rockaway it has a beach of its own, once known as 
the Isle of Wight. From the village state in which it could have been 
found a dozen years ago it has evolved into a resort with many of the char- 
acteristics of Tuxedo. It has a club — or rath'er a casino — with a restricted 
membership, and fitted up with a dancing room, capable also of being used 



198 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

as a tiny auditorium. The town is beautifully laid out, the houses being 
artistic both in color and in form, the avenues are broad and well bedded, 
and many fine gardens are in sight. A large number of New York mer- 
chants make their country homes here, coming early in the Spring and 
leaving late in the Fall. Driving, boating, fishing and bathing are alike 
excellent. It is the nearest place of its class to the city. There is one hotel, 
accommodating nearly 300, and boarding houses taking nearly 100 more. 

The strong point of Far Rockaway is that of the marshland. The 
uplands come down to the sea, only ending upon the beach itself. Far 
Rockaway is an old time town. Fifty years ago, though it stood alone then 
on the edge of the sands, it enjoyed all the celebrity it has to-day. The 
cholera scare of the forties gave it its reputation. New Yorkers flocking to it 
like sheep. They lived there everywhere, in any place, in tents, in barns. 
A company v/as formed and the Marine Pavilion erected. It was run under 
the management of the great boniface Cranston, of the New York Hotel. 
Famous personages by the dozen slept and ate at this hostelry during its 
twenty years of life. A notable entry on its old register was that of Gen- 
eral Scott and his staff. Just at the close of the war it was suddenly burned 
down beyond restoral. 

It is a prosperous little place in Winter, with a permanent poptdation of 
3,000, a bank whose stock is rated at 250, and three churches, but in Stim- 
mer time it is in all its glory. The population is then swollen to nearly 
7,000. Wave Crest and Bays water, the former fronting on the ocean, the 
latter on the Hook of Jamaica Bay, have together nearly 250 cottages, the 
most of which are rented long before the season begins. Wave Crest has 
long been noted for its exclusiveness, its fine families and its beautiful vil 
las. Bayswater is taking on many of the same attributes. Besides the cot- 
tage population there are eight hotels and innumerable boarding houses, tak- 
ing in nearly 2,000 more. In the inlet there is excellent still water bathing 
and rowing. A ferry carries visitors over to the beach, which is really a fine 
one. A village hall for the giving of theatricals and dances, which are a great 
feature of the Winter's life, is still lacking, but it is planned to erect one 
next Fall. The Bayswater Yacht Club, three years old, numbering 100 
members and thirty to forty yachts, is a leading institution of the town. On 
a clear night the lights of Brooklyn and the arc of the East River Bridge 
may be seen from Bayswater Bluff. It is called a " paradise for fishermen" 
here. Inwood, a hamlet a mile to the north, is the abode of the professional 
angler. 

Alonj? the Shore to Babylon. 

Pearsalls is the first station to the east of Valley Stream, on the Mon- 
tauk Division. It is a quiet inland village, named after an old family of 
the south shore, and has changed little during the last half century. At 
Pearsalls the Long Beach road branches off across the meadows, but the 
crowd of pleasure seekers of a day does not disturb the tiny village of the 
cross roads. For it is not much more than that, though its well scattered 
population numbers 900. It is directly in the centre of a farming commu- 
nity, and practically marks the bounds of market gardening along the south 
shore. Its chief pride is its old Methodist church, by whose side is the 
Rockville Cemetery, over 100 years old, and showing one grave containing 
256 bodies, passengers on the ship " Mexico," wrecked off Hempstead Bay 
during the fifties. Pearsalls' summer accommodation is large. To its 
southeast is Christian Hook,* or Oceanside, a hamlet a mile and a half from 



ALONG THE SOUTH SHORE. 199 

Rockville Centre station, and East Rockaway, a place of stables and board- 
ing farms, where the Long Beach visitors keep their teams, and from 
whence they start on their inland drives. East Rockaway boarding houses 
hold over loo people. 

Rockville Centre. — This is a bustling inland town, one and a half 
miles further down the road, one mile from Hempstead Bay, and two and 
a half from Long Beach. Its chief manufactures are hat and hammock 
making. The latter industry is an important one, over 10,000 hammocks 
being sent away each year, in the main to southern cities. The hammocks 
are only " strung" in the, factory, the actual work of making being done in 
the homes of the operatives. There is a resident population of about 2,800, 
but one-eighth of it being native. Nearly sixty per cent, of the residents 
are New Yorkers, who have made the town their permanent home, and 
twenty-five per cent, hail from Brooklyn. The town, though new (there 
were only two houses on Village avenue, the main street, in 1876), is most 
progressive. Its trade is active, it has one of the best equipped and edited 
country newspapers in the State, a State bank and a High School of 800 
pupils, especially appointed by the Regents of New York for the instruc- 
tion of teachers' classes. There are few Summer boarders, no Summer 
hotel existing, and the houses providing for barely 200. Social interests are 
most active, especially during the "Winter. The town boasts an opera house 
capable of seating 800 people, and private theatricals are frequently given. 
A bowling and a rowing club are features of the life, the women taking a 
keen interest in both these sports. It is a " village of churches," literally, 
these edifices numbering seven. 

There is little evidence — only tradition — as to how the town came by 
its name. The soil is almost a pure sand, and not a rock can be found in 
the region as big as a man's fist. The story is that Rockville Centre was 
called after the Rocksmiths, wrecked on this coast over 200 years ago. 
Earlier than that it was the meeting place of the Iroquois Indians, traces 
of them being still visible in the shell bank of the Mill River, a favorite 
bathing place. In Hempstead Bay there is very good boating and fishing, 
some famous catches of bass having been recently made. 

The original storage reservoir and pumping stations of the Brooklyn 
water supply are here. 'Two years ago the extension of the system to 
Massapequa, nine miles further on, was completed. The pipe line follows 
the railroad track closely and is quite visible from the cars. The whole 
region roundabout, both north and south of the track, is dotted with little 
ponds and lakes, fed by springs, of which the supply is inexhaustible. It is 
Q. porous country here, with a rapidly absorbing soil and full of fine farming 
lands. Staple products are what is raised. 

Twenty-one and a half miles from the city is Milbum station, known as 
Baldwins for eighty years, and still called so by the country folk. It is the 
first oyster town of any magnitude so far approached, and there are large 
beds of the bivalves on Milbum channel. It is less than a mile from the water, 
has a population of nearly 2,000, scattered and rural, and adds over 100 to 
it in the Summer. 

Freeport. — The main street of this energetic south shore town runs 
down to the water. It is the first of the villages to the west, situate directly 
on an arm of the Great South Bay. Freeport's interest, primarily, is 
aquatic. Nearly 400 sail boats of all rigs and classes are at her docks or 
about Freeport Bay. The town has nothing in the way of set manufacto- 
ries, but a very large proportion of the trout flies used in this country are 



200 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

made in Freeport. Over one hundred operatives, mainly young women, 
are employed, and there are two establishments. The industry was started 
by an English fly maker settling there some fifteen years ago. Bass flies 
are also made, but comparatively few. Many city people have made Free- 
port their Summer home, and a large number of ornamental cottages are 
placed near the water's edge. The boarding houses add a hundred or so 
more to the population, which increases to considerably over 2,000 during 
the Summer months. Education is not neglected, as the village has just 
voted to put up a $30,000 school house. The Prospect Gun Club of Brook- 
lyn has its station and preserves near the town. Boating, driving and 
bowling are the main amusements. The churches number five. The soil 
here is extremely sandy, and it is a common tradition that a man may walk 
without rubbers in the morning after it has rained all night. 

On the way to Amityville several little towns are passed. Merrick is 
a pretty country place, with its beauties invisible from the railway. It has 
a dozen or so houses of wealthy men on the main road, and a guild hall for 
the young men of the district right in their midst. There are practically no 
boarding accommodations, however, but one small hotel receiving guests. 
A mile north-east of the depot are the noted grounds of the Long Island 
Camp Meeting Association, where rovivals and weeks of praise and 
exhortation are held each Summer. The members are old school Methodists 
and the meetings are spirited affairs. This is the leading camp meeting 
on the island and one of the most prominent in the State. Bellemore is a 
little village with a few cottages near by. Ridgewood, or Wantagh railroad 
station, is a " cross roads " in the midst of farm lands. Just to the north of 
it is another great reservoir of the Brooklyn system. This system finally 
ends in Massapequa Lake, two miles beyond. A mile north is the hamlet 
of Jerusalem, also reached from the Central Park station on the mainline. 
Its farming population numbers a trifle over 200. A mile away is Plainedge, 
the termination of the great Hempstead plain. Here the region of scrub 
oak and pine commences, but the change is hardly noticeable well down 
on the south shore. Farmingdale, near by (population 700), is an odd little 
village supported by farmers. It is the best part of three miles from the 
south shore and its chief industry is the manufacture of pickles. It is 
quite a boarding centre, taking m nearly 200 visitors. A trifle to it,s 
north are Bedelltown, Bethpage and Mannetto Hill, in the centre of farms. 

Returning to the Montauk Line, Massapequa next comes in view, dis- 
tinguished by one of the prettiest railroad stations in Queens County. 
This is in the township of Oyster Bay, and was once known as South 
Oyster Bay. It is the ancestral home of the Jones family, and "Massa- 
pequa House," on Massapequa Lake, the residence of a cousin of the 
present State Senator, Edward Floyd-Jones, is one of the historic buildings 
of the county. Massapequa is best known to-day for its splendid hotel 
overlooking the bay, the " Massapequa," one of the best appointed and 
finest class hostelries outside of New York City. Its capacity is over 300, 
and it is the centre of much social and aquatic life during the season. Its 
" hops " are much discussed affairs throughout the region. 

There is no village at Massapequa, only a dozen or less daintily designed 
country villas which set off the locality. There is a touch ofwildness here, 
especially at nightfall, around the big, brilliantly lighted hotel, which com- 
pletes the picture perfectly. Shopping in Massapequa is done at Seaford, 
a village of 500 souls, a mile to the southwest, with a boarding house 
accommodation of some fifty and several good shops. 



ALONG THE SOUTH SHORE. « 201 

Amityville is an old time town that, without appearing to do so, is lap- 
ping the cream of modern life. For a generation and more it has been a 
favorite resort of Brooklynites. It has no manufacturing interest nor indus- 
try, and yet there is a permanent and prosperous population of 2,500. Most 
of its natives are baymen, sailors and fisherman, or else farmers. The 
aquatic interest is well developed. Amityville creek was dredged six years 
ago, so that freight laden vessels can to-day go up to the turnpike. Amity- 
ville is the only place on the island where this is possible. No town on the 
south shore has better fishing. Blue fish, black, sea bass and weak fish are 
readily pulled in. An Amityville Yacht Club has recently been organized 
with twenty to thirty members, all owning boats. Sailing here is in no 
wise dependent on the tide, which can be said of comparatively few places 
along the south shore. There is capital surf bathing on Oak Island Beach 
across the bay, and Gilgo and Hemlock Beach are also popular nearby re- 
sorts. 

The cottages and boarding houses are a mile or so from the station, 
^ scattered along the bay front. The boarding house capacity is about 350. 
*A fine new hotel of 100 rooms, the "Newpoint," will receive guests for the 
first time this Summer. Amityville boasts fine churches, a bank, and a ly- 
ceum seating 400. It is lit by electricity and contains the Brunswick Home 
for epileptics, a Dominican convent, and a private asylum- for the mildly in- 
sane. Its village street is long, quaint and" straggling. 

Breslau (now Lindenhurst on the railroad map) is a German settlement 
of 1,500, devoted to the manufacture of ^cigars and buttons. These German 
operatives are a quiet set and they have brought about a "Kleine Deutsch- 
land " on the bluefish shore. The settlement was started many years ago 
under the name of Breslau, and it was planned to make it a great city. 
Streets were laid out and business blocks planned. Its projectors, how- 
ever, never realized their visionSo There is boarding accommodation for 
over fifty. Three miles beyond and thirty-seven from New York lies the 
town of Babylon, where the old cry once rang out, "Passengers for Fire 
Island, out here!" 

On the Great Soiitli Bay. 

With Babylon commences the Great South Shore Road. A quarter of 
a century ago it was known as the '"south country," but men and manners 
change. It deserves a more pretentious name now, for, beyond a doubt, 
it is the most beautiful avenue Long Island can boast. For twenty miles, 
through Bay Shore, Islip, Oakdale and Sayville, up to the country east of 
Patchogue, it runs in a broad level course, as hard as a rock, for the greater 
distance with a clam shell surface, and bounded on each side by puperb, 
gloriously branching old trees that the vandals, if there be any in this 
legion, have not dared to meddle with. Each and every pleasant afternoon 
during the Summer sees a magnificent cavalcade of rig and trap from end 
to end of this twenty miles. No other place within a radius of a hundred 
miles of New York, not even Newport, can produce such a display. It is 
not only the quality and the extreme excellence of individual equipage, 
hackney, cob and thoroughbred, but the mass as well. From Islip, through 
Oakdale to Sayville, the shore region is cut up into beautiful and extensive 
parks. Enormous aggregate wealth is represented here. A large number 
of the wealthiest men of New York have their country homes and stock 
fcanns on the Great South Bay. There are country and sporting clubs of 



202 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

the highest and most pretentious type along the line, valuable trout pre- 
serves and shooting boxes, where the gun is at its very best. 

Besides being the focal centre of driving, these twenty miles are the 
great abode of out-of-door sport. The sailing qualities of the Great South 
Bay need no commendation; they are far too well known. It would be im- 
possible to estimate the number of small pleasure craft spreading their 
sails along the coast from Babylon to Bellport Bay. It would be a tiresome 
task simply to count them. Little yacht clubs are scattered along the 
shore, Islip having the most pretentious one. The catboat is most in favor 
because of its serviceableness and its ability to meet any emergency in the 
way of squally winds. The great aquatic sport is bluehshing, and it speaks 
well for the Great South Bay's resources, that after nearly fifty years of 
anglers by the hundred these waters are still splendidly stocked by nature 
and give no sign of being fished out. In the late Fall, after the horde of 
Summer visitors has departed, the season for duck, snipe, geese and mal- 
lard shooting commences. At times during the early Winter the bay's sur- 
face is fairly black with birds. There are half a dozen famous old inns 
along the shore and the road, where the science of duck and bluefish cook-* 
ing has reached its highest point, and where the dinners, one's own bag- 
ging being prepared especially for him, is a something never to 
be forgotten. Oy storing flourishes during the Fall and Winter, duck 
shooting lasts during the same months, and with early June the bluefish 
comes in the bay in shoals. 

Babylon is the commencement of this sportsmen's and Summer sojourn- 
ers' land. It is a quiet little village with a beautifully quaint main street, 
and the last census credits it with a population of 3,000. Originally it was 
known as Sampawam's Village (after an old tribe of Indians), and as a set- 
tlement existed long before the Revolution. Its main street is a quarter of 
a mile from the depot, the dock — where once the Fire Island passengers 
embarked — a mile further on, and depot and dock are connected by a queer 
Httle horse car railroad, with but a single track. It is related of Horace 
Greeley that once upon a time he visited Babylon and entered the horse car 
(the same old one is still shown under a shed) to journey to the water. But 
the relic, for. so it was even then, ran off the track, and Mr. Greeley had to 
alight with the other passengers and help lift it on. 

The village, though a quiet one, is many sided. To the east and the 
west and the north stretch the broad properties of New Yorkers and Brook- 
lynites, many of which are occupied the year round. Two miles to the 
north is the Belmont estate, a superb stock farm, called by him " The Nur- 
sery." Here there is a fine stud of western stock, a mile race track and an 
unpretentious but roomy mansion. One of the best trout ponds in the 
vicinity is located here and given the greatest attention. To this domain 
August Belmont the second succeeded on his father's death. Young Mr. 
Belmont has also a fine farm on Hempstead Plain, which is touched upon 
in a description of that region. The cost of running the Babylon farm alone 
is said to be $75,000 a year. Across the road from the Belmonts, and less 
than half a mile away, is the park of Austin Corbin, mapped out in English 
fashion and stocked with deer, antelope, reindeer and elk. There are ex- 
cellent trout preserves in its midst, and a well-built and artistic modern 
mansion in full view from the side road. Nearby is the Westminster Ken- 
nel Club's preserve, with a fine collection of pointers and retrievers, This 
club holds a leading position in the canine and sportsman world. 



ALONG THE SOUTH SHORE. 203 

Most of the mansions, however, have their lands bordering on the 
Great South Road. The bay is almost constantly in sight. Among the 
most notable places one passes in a drive towards Bay Shore are Effingham 
Park, the "manor place" of E. B. Sutton of New York; a curious, filigree 
ornamented abode of white, yellow and cream, the home of " Aunty Wag- 
staff," mother of the well-known colonel of that name; the *' Havemeyer " 
mansion and grounds, where the great sugar magnate used to live, once 
marked by his nearby herd of valuable Guernseys; and the houses and 
farms of Henry B, Hyde of the Equitable Life, Charles Magoun of Baring, 
Magoun & Co. (noted for its jumping horses), and William P. Clyde of 
steamship fame. On Cap Tree Island in the bay, opposite Fire Island 
Beach, is the house of the popular Way wayonda Club of New York City, its 
membership made up of a hundred or more well known politicians, chief 
among which are ex-Mayor Grant, Jordan L. Mott and Barney Martin. The 
club house is plain as to its exterior, but comfortable and well furnished 
within. It is a three story structure, made up of three sections, joined to- 
gether by broad verandas. 

The village proper has an active Summer life. There are scores of cot- 
tages and many hotels and boarding houses. The largest hotel of all — the 
Argyle in Argyle Park, accommodating several hundred — has been closed 
for the past two years, but will probably soon re-open. Even without this 
Babylon has a Summer capacity of nearly 2,000. Six hotels and inns offer 
accommodation, the Watson and the Sherman'Houses being particularly in 
vogue among epicurean sportsmen. The merchants are prosperous, the 
town being the trading centre for miles around. It has whip and carriage 
factories, six churches, a bank charter (the building is not erected yet), 
two public halls, water works, an athletic association, a base ball club 
(champions of the South Shore League), a bicycle club, and the Short Beach 
Club, made up of men who live in Babylon and Bayshore during the Summer 
months. It is a religious town, noted for its revivals and church interests. The 
village society is built entirely on the churches. Though Fire Island has 
ceased to be a resort and is now State property, excursions across the bay 
are frequent. Oak Island being the objective point. The "Surf," the 
famous little craft of Boniface Sammis in the Fire Island Hotel days, has 
degenerated into oystering. 

It is a beautiftd drive along the South Shore Road from Babylon, four 
miles, into Bay Shore. This is a modern settlement, a genuine " cottage 
land," with streets and cross streets well graded and kept, and set on either 
hand with pretty little villas and gardens. It is essentially a summer town, 
Bay Shore being well nigh deserted during the Winter save by the fisher- 
men and bay men. Cottage life is to be seen there in its most charming 
form. At the village's eastern end are the houses of its wealthiest and most 
representative families. Penatauquit Point is the centre of the last named 
over towards Islip. The houses there are built around the edge of a great 
square, and in the midst of them are the excellent tennis courts and field 
of the South Side Field Club. Even Southampton cannot boast of a finer, 
more perfect tennis lawn. In exactly the centre of the ground is set the 
" Casino," its first floor admirably adapted for a dance, its upper story rejoic- 
ing in two little balconies from which to watch the progress of the games. 
Near this region are the notably fine mansions of Spencer Aldrich, Theron 
J. Strong and Alanson T. Enos, Mr. Strong's being a particularly interest- 
ing example of colonial adaptation. Nearly every one in Bay Shore js a 
cottager. The boarding houses are very few and hold less than 200 in all. 



204 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

There are two good sized hotels, however, the Prospect House, accom- 
modating several hundred, and old Dominy's Inn, on the main road, an 
ancient hostelry with a history and traditions in its double pitched roof and 
low ceilinged parlors and sleeping rooms. It stood there nearly a century 
before the village of Bay Shore was ever thought of. 

The South Side Field Club does not monopolize the entire attention of 
the Sammer sojourners. The Great South Bay Yacht Club belongs as much 
to this town as it does to Islip, three miles to the east. This is a popular 
organization and its regattas are great events in the society of the coast. 
Alden S. Swan of Brooklyn is its commodore and leading member. It 
has in its fleet all the fast private craft of the neighboring towns. The 
Olympic Club is a country organization of city men owning a fine establish- 
ment at the foot of Bay Shore's broadest avenue. Cheever Goodwin, the 
librettist of " Wang," an ardent fisherman, has made his home at Bay 
Shore for several seasons. 

If the traveller goes from Bay Shore to Patchogue by rail he misses the 
finest driveway and one of the most perfect panoramas on the island. 
After leaving Bay Shore the road to the east gets more beautiful, its arch-, 
ing trees form a wonderful vista, broken only by views of stately mansions 
on either side. 

Of Islip village there is very little; the section's interest and charm is 
its private villas, or manses they should be called, its superb views seaward, 
and its country, picked out like fine embroidery on velvet with lakes and 
streams. The blue fish is in the bay, but inland the trout is to be found, 
never finer nor plumper. One of the wealthiest country clubs about New 
York city, the South Side Sportsman's, has recognized this and settled it- 
self in a quaint and pretty home, one half of it an old time mansion, 
directly on the bay. The main pursuit of its members is fishing, but it has 
a pretty little deer park and an excellent, though small, herd. W. Bayard 
Cutting's country seat, " Westbrook," was once the Lorillard place, and is 
notable now for its stables and the fine coach Mr. Cutting drives. The 
town is well represented in churches, there being four of them, St. Mark's 
Episcopal having age and historic interest back of it. This church has re- 
cently erected a parish house containing a gymnasium and including a 
trainer, classes and a bicycle club. Its endowments from its wealthy com- 
municants make it one of the most prosperous churches of the faith on Long 
Island. One hundred and fifty visitors may find rooms in the small private 
residences within a mile from the station, and there are besides the Pavil- 
ion and the Lake House, each supplied with unexampled fish and duck 
chefs. 

Down the road to the east the Connetquot River, a pretty little stream, 
is crossed. Here is the station of the South Side Club just mentioned. A 
mile up to the northwest is Bohemia, a hamlet in the scrub pine country. 
Next on the road, now at its very finest point, comes Oakdale, a place of 
private parks alone. Its sylvan solitudes are unmarred by hotel, inn or 
country store. Oakdale is best known as the country home of William K. 
Vanderbilt, whose stables here, "The Idle Hour," are unsurpassed in their 
appointments. Their total cost has exceeded half a million of dollars, prob- 
ably much more, for the exquisitely designed fence that surrounds the park, 
ornate iron pickets set on granite blocks, alone cost over $200,000, and Mr. 
Vanderbilt is said to have spent nearly $1,000 a day on it during the past 
year. The house is a large irregular Queen Anne of brick and stone. His 
stables are even finer than his house. Both have a good outlook on the bay. 



ALONG THE SOUTH SHORE. 205 

The grounds run up to within a few rods of the railroad track and the 
South Shore Road passes in between. "Idle Hour" has, besides, a splendid 
conservatory with the finest collection of orchids on the south shore, and 
a celebrated poultry yard containing many rare fowl. It is entered through 
two superb gateways of brick and grilled iron work. After the Vanderbilt 
property it seems as if Oakdale had little else to offer, Robert Fulton Cut- 
ting and Christopher R. Roberts have remarkably attractive places, though, 
and very near to "Idle Hour" is St John's church, built in 1765. 

To the southeast is Greenville, a fisherman's hamlet one mile from the 
Oakdale station and with less than 300 inhabitants. Here, at Brookhaven 
I3ay, is the widest part of the Great South Bay. Directly opposite is the 
centre of P'ire Island or the Great South Beach, a narrow tongue of land 
that ends only when Westhampton is reached. Two miles down the road 
is Sayville, four miles from the trade centre of Patchogue. It is situate 
finely, fifty rods from the railroad station, and directly on the bay. The 
shore line is a bold one, and its handsomest cottages are set on the bank. 
Fully 2,ooo Summer visitors are to be found in its villas, hotels and board- 
ing houses, and the town is growing like magic as a resort. Bayport is a 
smaller place, and an exclusive one. It also numbers many artistic dwel- 
lings and has a large boarding accommodation (500 nearly) though it still 
lacks a large hotel. 

Patchogue. — The first of the "ogues" — a synonym for pleasure and 
sport on Long Island — has two distinct phases of life. Winter and Sum- 
mer it is the focus of a busy trade. There is little of the humdrum existence 
popularly supposed to be the keynote of Long Island villages. Patchogue 
is all agog and astir. It opens its arms hospitably to the 2,000 and more 
Summer visitors who flock to it by every train during the season, but its 
old families have their own life and their own trade interests and do not 
mingle at all with the people a-summering. Patchogue has two news- 
papers, a bank with nearly 700 depositors, whose stock is now quoted at 
190, and large manufacturing concerns. A mile to the southwest lies Blue 
Point, whence come the most famous oysters in the American market. The 
export trade is large, many thousand barrels being sent to Europe each year, 
and the business to all domestic points is thriving. The Patchogue River 
runs to the west of the town three miles into the interior. Its channel gives 
at times a depth of five to six feet of water, and in the Winter there is very 
good ice boating on its surface. It widens a mile from the bay into Patch- 
ogue Lake. On the west bank of this sheet of water, which is half a mile 
wide, is the village's chief industry, the Nottingham Lace Works, capital- 
ized at $300,000, making goo pairs of lace curtains a week, and with a pay- 
roll of $1,800. On the opposite bank is an electric light plant. The banks of 
the river from the bay are lined with little boat building yards. There are 
twelve of these in all, and they turn out some beautiful specimens of ship- 
yard joining. Nothing very large is built there, the maximum being about 
a forty-foot keel. The Patchogue boat yards are known far beyond the 
island's limits. Other industries are a blind, sash and door factory, said to 
be the largest lumber interest in either Queens or Suffolk counties (two 
large steamers are employed in carrying its products to New York), and a 
paper mill on Canaan Pond, just above the lake. 

The churches have a large controlling interest in the society of the 
town. There are five church edifices, all new within the past four years. 
The Congregational Society, just now putting up one of the finest sanctu- 
aries outeide of Brooklyn, has recently held its one hundredth anniversary. 



206 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

The total valuation of church property is not far from $150,000. The town 
has a public library with several thousand volumes, a Young Men's Insti- 
tute fitted out with bowling alleys, auditorium hall, library and gymna- 
sium, flourishing secret societies, and the best equipped fire department of 
any Long Island town. Its engine No. I has won against all comers in the 
Long Island tournaments, water runs through the village, the Holly sys- 
tem being used, and a standpipe, 100 feet high, is located on the shores of 
the lake. An eighth of a mile out of the town are the athletic grounds of 
the " Institute," a track eight laps to the mile, and a well-made grand 
stand. Mrs. Lozier, of Sorosis, and J. Adolph MoUenhauer, the sugar re- 
finer, have places just within the town's limits. Patchogue is said to be 
the largest village in the country that is unincorporated. Its permanent 
population is over 4,000. At times the influx of Summer visitors swells it to 
nearly twice its normal size. There are fifteen Summer hotels of star ding, 
all located down on the river street, the dock being three-quarters of a mile 
from the depot. Including these there are nearly fifty places to which visi- 
tors may go. The fleet of pleasure boats numbers very nearly 300, and 
there is unexcelled boating and fishing. At East Patchogue, a small settle- 
ment just beyond. E. W. Durkee has a fine stock farm with model barns 
and some admirable California horses. 



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CAMDEN C. DIKE, JAMES JOURDAN, OLIVER M. DENTON. 

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S-EYE VIEW i 




LONG ISLAND. 



BANK— DECORATORS— HATS— BOOKSELLERS. 

LONG ISLAND BANK. 

ORGANIZED 182 4. 



CROWELL HADDEN, President, JOHN H. DITMAS, Vice-President. 

W. H. LEFFINGWELL, Cashier. 

DIRECTORS. 

David B. Baylis, Henry D. Polhemus, James L. Morgan, Michael Snow, 

Henry D. Van Orden, Crowell Hadden, John H. Ditmas, John B. Kins, 

Fred'k A. Van Iderstein, Daniel F. Lewis, William A. Read, Abraham Abraham. 

Wm. H. Lothrop. W. E. Aldridge. H. L. Ennis. 

THE NEW YORK DECORATING CO. 

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6HARLES Beess 4 60., 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

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THE WEST OF THE ISLAJMD. 



From Roslyn to Oyster Bay— " The Hempstead Barrens "—Villages and 
Farms— The Cathedral of the Incarnation— Flushing and its Envi- 
rons. 



The train that leaves Mineola for the Hempstead Harbor regiom, on 
the north shore, makes a sharp curve as it nears the great Fair Grounds, 
and dashes off, almost at right angles, due north. On the edge of Mineola 
Plain is set East Williston, a hamlet with only 150 people, but boasting a 
road cart factory, the '• make" of which is famous all over the Eastern 
States, and one of the finest of yards of fancy ducks, together with a small 
but excellent stock farm, owned by Timothy Treadwell. Roslyn, two 
miles ftirther on, has many a historic and romantic association to detain the 
traveller and prolong his stay. It is a quiet little village, placed down in a 
valley, its houses clustered at the head of Hempstead Harbor, five miles in 
from the Sound. High hills tower above it, those to the west bounding 
Cow's Neck, or Manhasset, on which is Port Washington, a still smaller 
village, and Sands Point, on which, in spite of its distance from the rail- 
road, many fine residences and broad pleasure parks stand. Roslyn has 
a population of but 1,300, and its boarding capacity is barely 100; trade does 
not disturb it. It is a village of the past, Hving upon its memories, and 
with a few fine old mansions and •' monuments," so to speak, keeping 
guard along its banks. The most famous of all of these, on the east bank 
road, well down on the harbor, is Cedannere, the home of William Cullen 
Bryant. The house is near the steamboat landing, two full miles from the 
station, and is occupied by the dead poet's son-in-law, Harold Godwin, the 
son of the noted mechanical expert, Parke Godwin, who lives directly op- 
posite. A near neighbor of the Godwins is Lieutenant Emory of the Navy, 
who was one of the stalwarts of the Greeley Expedition. The Bryant home- 
stead stands weather-beaten, but strong and sturdy. Outside of the asso- 
ciations with the author of " Thanatopsis," it is one of Roslyn's historic 
dwellings. It was built by Rich-j.rd Kirk some time between the Revolu- 
tion and 1790. Every timber in it was carefully planed, just as the outside 
timbers are. Bryant's dust lies in the quaint Httle village cemetery a mile 
away. The place is marked by the largest monument in the cemetery, a 
plain but exquisite block of granite. Another historic building is the home 
of Dr. Bogart lived in by Hendrix Onderdonk in 1769. The old mansion 
is practically intact to-day. At the same time Onderdonk bought the 
property on the banks of the second of the three ponds that extend back from 
the harbor's head and established a paper mill, running until a few 
years ago and the oldest in the State. The old Valentine house, near the 
stone bridge by the depot, is known to have been built before the Revolu- 



208 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

tion. It is a quaint mansion, on Colonial and old English lines. The Losee 
house is older yet, having been erected in 1757. The flour mill, of Revolu- 
tionary or early nineteenth century date, is still revolving for all who will 
bring grist to it. In Skillman's Woods, a few rods east of the railroad 
track, there is a bit of the old stone wall behind which the British en- 
trenched themselves while guarding their commissary department at 
Hempstead against the depredations of the Yankee oystermen of Hemp- 
stead Harbor. 

The town from its modern point of view has little of note. The silk 
mills and cheese factories started some years ago were given up as unprof- 
itable enterprises. Roslyn has five churches and some social mterest. 
Tennis is not a popular game, but baseball meets with much favor. The 
village is noted for Harbor Hill, the highest point on the island (260-70 feet 
above high water), with an observatory 80 feet high. Harbor Hill is half a 
mile east of the village main street. Two miles to the southwest, through 
a farming district, is Searingtown, remarkable for having the first Metho- 
dist church on Long Island. Four miles to the northeast, away off from 
the railroad, is Brookville, celebrated for its factional fights between Dutch- 
men and Yankees in the Peter §tuyvesant days. To the north are Green- 
vale, Glenwood and Glen Head, devoted to agriculture and market garden- 
ing. A few fine stock farms are scattered through this region, notably 
that of Mrs. S. Tabor Willets, who has made a study and a specialty of 
cattle. Sea Cliff, with its settlement a mile from the station, is a popular 
town of hotels and boarding houses, and is set on a high bluff overlooking 
the Sound. Down one side of the cliff runs an inclined plane railroad, a 
wonderfully clever piece of engineering. The bluff was originally the home 
of the same camp meeting association that is now quartered at Merrick on the 
south shore. In 1871 the place was owned by the Metropolitan Association 
for camp meeting purposes, but the Methodists soon got complete control. 
As soon as the "grove" was moved. Sea Cliff began to come into its own as 
a Summer resort. Now it is exceedingly popular, being easy of access 
from the city both by train and boat. There are no less than twenty-five 
hotels and boarding houses, with a total accommodation for 1,500 people. 
The largest hotel is the Sea CHff House, with a capacity of 300. Many 
private cottages, besides, adorn the streets. There are two churches in the 
village. 

Glen Cove is a town a mile further on, with an all the year round life of 
its own, a town of commuters and gentlemen farmers (population 4,300), 
with its own society and individual interests. A few Summer visitors come, 
but they do not swell the population appreciably, nor enter into the town 
life. There is a large industry down on the Cove proper in the Duryea 
Starch Factory, probably the largest concern of its kind in the country, em- 
ploymg 700 people. The Hempstead Harbor Yacht Club has its house on 
the point where the Cove merges into the bay. The Glen Cove Athletic 
Club, recently organized, is something of a feature of the town life. Good- 
boating and fishing are to be found on Hempstead Harbor. Further along, 
on the shores of the Sound, is Charles A. Dana's wonderful floral island of 
Dosoris, surrounded by a superb sea wall and boasting of the finest floral 
exhibit in New York State. In the centre of the island Mr. Dana has his 
country home. Visitors are allowed to traverse the outer driveway, and 
the best approach is through Dosoris Lane, an admirably shaded avenue 
leading out of Glen Cove village. Nearby is the 150 acres of the Charles 
Pratt estate, set aside for the agricultural department of the Pratt Insti- 



THE WEST OF THE ISLAND. 209 

tute, Brookl3m. The Pratts have fine villas in this locality, and make it 
their Summer home. 

Locust Valley is a farmland, distinguished for the establishment of the 
Benjamin Downing Vacation Home for Working Girls. The boarding 
houses of the village will hold about loo. At Matinnecock, two miles in- 
land, there is an old Friends' Academy, founded 120 years ago and endowed 
by Gideon Frost. It is one of the best high schools in the State. Almost 
directly across the road is the ancient and storm worn Friends' meeting 
house, one of the first Quaker homes of worship to be established on Long 
Island. Bayville is of more recent settlement. "It is a delightful and a 
picturesque region, a trifle wild at night fall. A good sized country town 
is springing up gradually here, and the prospect of the Sound and the shore 
line is one of the best along the coast. Bayville has numerous fine Summei 
homes and a capacity of nearly 150 for visitors. It has its chief name from 
being the country residence of Julian Gordon (Mrs. S. Van Rensselaer 
Cruger). 

The railroad terminates in Oyster Bay. This is almost solely a region 
of wealthy landowners and old families. The turnpike runs along parallel 
to the shore, and on the shore side, with their grounds almost touching the 
water, have been built stately mansions in the midst of green lawns. Par- 
ticularly noticeable among these is the place cf Frank T Underbill, who has 
been largely instrumental in organizing the modern society of Oyster Bay. 
He was the founder of the Oyster Bay Polo Club, which has capital grounds 
a mile east, and well graded tennis courts besides. Over across the bay, on 
Centre Island, is the house and station of the Seawanhaka Yacht Club of 
New York. They have a capitally appointed mansion and a famous view 
from their piazza. Not far away, on Cove Neck, which separates Oyster 
Bay Harbor from Cold Spring Harbor (the villages are only about three 
miles apart) Theodore Roosevelt has a country home. 

Oyster Bay has a bank and six churches, together with excellent school 
facilities. Its permanent population is 1,800. Its most interesting features 
are its old families and old homes, built in colonial days. The Summer 
house on South street is said to be the oldest structure in the vicinitj^ stand- 
ing intact. Its exact date is not known, but it was certainly built long be- 
fore the Revolution. The Town send mansion en Main street has been some- 
what modernized, but its timbers still stand. During the Revolution the 
British officers were quartered here. Up on Fort Hill, from which 
Oyster Bay spreads itself out like a great canvas, there is the remnant of 
the old fort the Hessian soldiers occupied. The Youngs family have 
contributed to the history of Oyster Bay more than a little. Them as 
Youngs was the family founder, so far as this region goes. He was the 
first pilot in the Harbor of New York, and set the first buoys at Sandy Hook. 
As early as 1650 he built part of the old homestead that is now standing, 
quaint and beautiful with age, on the main road. One of the landmarks 
of the town is the Youngs' family burial plot near the homestead. 
Its first interment was in 1713, the first stone is marked 1720. Daniel K. 
Youngs of the town is his descendant and the antiquarian of the locality. 

The driving and boating around Oyster Bay can be most heartily re- 
commended. The chief native interest is oyster fishing, and the oysters 
from the bay are luscious ones. 

The Region of Hempstead. 

From the outskirts of old Jamaica to the Fair Grounds of the Queens 



210 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

County Agncultural Society stretches the Jamaica Plain. It ends at Min- 
EOLA, a few scattered houses in the midst of a farming district, gaining its 
familiar name from its being an important junction and the place of chang- 
ing cars. Of recent years, however. Garden City and Floral Park have 
taken much of these privileges away from it. Mineola's population is 600, 
and outside of the Fair Days, when its road are crowded, it has only a 
Children's Home to mark it. The county fairs, however, give Mineola 
importance twice a year. They are held in June and September, and have 
as their chief characteristics hosts of well dressed people, a fine showing of 
stock, horseflesh and poultry, every sort of new fangled agricultural 
machine and a hall for the display of women's fancy work. The first agri- 
cultural fair in Queens County was held in 1693. No society was organized, 
however, until 181 7, when a beginning was made at Mineola. The date of 
the first formal exhibit was two Summers later. This old society went by 
the board, and nothing further was done until July 21, 1841, when, at a meet- 
ing of the Executive Committee of the New York State Agricultural Society, 
a special committee was appointed to see what could be accomplished. The 
next Fall the first fair of the Queens County Agricultural Society was held 
at Hempstead. Until 1861 the fairs were held in different towns. In that 
year permanent grounds, to the extent of forty acres, were donated by the 
town of Hempstead, a half mile track was laid out and the fair was held in 
the Fall. Since then the exhibitions have been regularly held tw^ce a year, 
generally in June and September. G. Howland Leavitt is the society's 
president, and Jacob Hicks of Old Westbury its secretary. There are nearly 
1,700 life members, and the annual membership ranges a little under 2,000. 
No one needs to be told that Garden City was A. T. Stewart's pet pro- 
ject and the dream of his life. He started in to found an English cathe- 
dral city on what was known as the " Hempstead Barrens," a region abso- 
lutely flat and thought to be worth nothing except for pasturage. Through 
the most careful and scientific landscape gardening the dusty desert has 
been induced to blossom, and the lawns around the cottages show broad 
patches of well kept green. Garden City has not groM' n residentially as A. 
T. Stewart hoped it would. He purchased the land (7,000 acres) in 1869, 
paying the town of Hempstead nearly $400,000 for it. He expected that as 
soon as the great Cathe iral of the Incarnation was finished, people would 
flock in and build. But the town's population is considerably under i,ogo 
to-day. The cathedral, however, is one of the most beautiful ecclesiastical 
structures in the country. It is of brown stone, of Gothic;;/^///' and feeling, 
vWth delicate tracery and dainty points, and well proportioned in height, 
breadth and depth. It stands out a noble landmark in the midst of the 
plain, visible for miles. It dwarfs the little park -like village at its feet, and 
makes even the big academies, a stone's throw away, seem small. Its organ 
is one of the finest in the vicinity of New York, and its choristers are care- 
fully picked and trained. Within, in the richness of its fittings, it is quite as 
beautiful as without. Crowds of people come to it each pleasant Sunday, 
in carriage and in train. The Military Academy of St. Paul's, with its de- 
tailed army officer, its discipline and its constant drills, has gained itself 
the reputation of being the best military school (only excepting West Point) 
in the whole United States. Its battalion numbers nearly 100 boys. This, 
as is also St. Mary's, the girls' school, is under the control of the diocese. 
Both of these institutions have elaborate buildings. Near the cathedral is 
the bishop's residence, a commodious and handsome edifice, lavishly furn- 
ishedt There is also a Casino in the little park, and a club house for the 



THE WEST OF THE ISLAND. 211 

school boys is to be built, with special reference to athletic sports and in- 
cluding a gymnasium and bowling alleys. 

The village of Hempstead, twenty miles from New York and reached 
by thirteen trains each day, has an interest that is both historic and 
modern. It was the very first settlement made in Central Long Island, 
practically contemporaneous with the most of Brooklyn, and but three years 
later than the founding of Southold. In 1643 a company of New Englanders 
settled quietly down to farming life. A year later they received a patent from 
Governor Kieft, and so Hempstead was begun. The village has old relics 
and historic mansions in plenty, but only one that tells the tale of two 
hundred years ago. That is a silver communion service, presented by 
Queen Anne of England early in the eighteenth century to St. George's 
Parish. The service is in use to-day, and handled with reverential hands. 
St. George's congregation is probably the oldest of the Church of England 
on the island. The first episcopal service in Hempstead was held in 1698. 
In 1734 the first St. George's was built, the town voting the churchyard 
and the glebe lands. The present edifice, a quaint white structure, was 
put in its place in 1821. The parsonage near by has more historical 
interest, for it is very nearly the same building as was first built in 1734. 
It was remodeled m 1793, but not extensively. Fifty years ago the north 
pitch of the roof was reshingled, and five years ago the south pitch, but the 
building still preserves many of its characteristics. 

A quaint old home stands at the north-east corner, one block east of 
Main, on Front street. It was a private dwelling long before Revolutionary 
times. It has been remodeled of late, but the old rafters, eight inches 
square, still remain, and they are well worth seeing. Sammis' Hotel, by 
the side of the railroad station, is perhaps the best specimen of an old, 
unaltered house in all the town. It is a weather beaten, two-story dwelling, 
with a double pitched roof, curious low-ceilinged rooms, and wonderful door 
frames and casings. There is a tradition through the village that Wash- 
ington slept here one night, and the visitor is shown the very bedroom, a 
little apartment on the ground floor. In the bar-room hangs what purports 
to be the original sign of the old inn. It is a rectangular board bound with 
iron work, done by the blacksmiths of those days, with these words painted in 
fanciful and old time script: " Entertainment by Nehemiah Sammis." It 
is supposed to have swung before the tavern door in 1 712. The present 
landlord found it in the attic a few years ago. 

The traditions of the village are innumerable, but there is no space to 
rehearse them here. The modern phase of Hempstead is one of much ac- 
tivity. The town is located just at the edge of the great plain, and the 
many streets are beautifully shaded. Streets and roads are kept in the 
pink of condition, and they are lined with neat, if not always expensive, 
cottages and the trimmest of lawns. Hempstead's population is 5,000. 
Her interests are those of a prosperous inland town, with the trade of the 
neighboring farms and some little manufacturing of her own. But the 
beach is only six or seven miles away and much delight is taken in aquatic 
sports. The Hempstead Bay Yacht Club has a house on Elder Island near 
Long Beach, the members' point of embarkation being Freeport. There is 
a membership of fifty or sixty and the club house is well fitted up. There 
are some good fast yachts already in the fleet, but this Spring a number 
more are being built. There is good fresh water fishing and sailing near- 
by. The driving and walking are excellent, for the roads are well looked 
after, Social interests are g^nt^rv^d mainly in the churches, of which there 



212 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

are seven. They nave a paramount influence in the dictation of amuse- 
ments. The church societies of themselves are very strong and represen- 
tative of the young people. The Presbyterian congregation, it is interest- 
ing to note, was the first sect to have a church building in Hempstead vil- 
lage. For many years the edifice was also used as a Town Hall. The 
business interests of the village are a moulding mill, a shirt factory with 
nearly a hundred operatives, a straw hat factory, a carriage factory, and 
one for cork soles. Most of these business interests are small, but they are 
thriving and being pushed. There are two banks and a number of excel- 
lent stores. The seat of the township government is here, the town clerk 
having his office in the village. Formerly the whole business of the town- 
ship was done in Hempstead. There is an excellent village government, 
electric lights and water being supplied to the houses, and the streets being 
lit with the incandescent light. Many city people come up for the Summer 
months, but nearly all take cottages. The boarding accommodation does not 
exceed fifty. There are several good hotels, but no large Summer one. 

To the east and to the northeast to Westbury there are fine farm lands 
and extensive places. The famous Meadowbrook Hunt, with Frank Gray 
Griswold, Master of the Hounds, has its club house three miles out in this 
direction at East Meadow. The club has taken an old farmhouse there 
and refurnished it most elaborately, as well as building on to it. The pack 
now consists of some fifty hounds. Among the club's members there are 
some of the most famous cross country hunters in the world, and its stable 
is excellent. A polo club is attached to the hunt, and beautiful grounds 
have been laid out. Several fine stock farms lay right in this region. The 
Hempstead Farm of Thomas H. Terry, with its superb breeding stock, its 
very remarkable kennels and its display of fancy fowl, is undoubtedly the 
most noted and the most deserving of especial mention. August Belmont, 
Jr., has a capital stable of blooded horses, and Richard Ingraham, of Brook- 
lyn, fifty or sixty specimens of western stock that give his stables great com- 
mercial value. 

Old Westbury is a farming region of wealthy old families liv- 
ing some three miles from Westbury station, very nearly due north from 
East Meadow. It is fine old Quaker stock that the Westbury people come • 
from, and they are very proud of their lineage. The Hickses, the Cooks, the 
Tituses and the Willises are their chief representatives. What is quite prob- 
ably the oldest meeting house on the island is that at Westbury. It was 
built in 1 701. The farming country is fertile, and for the most part as flat as 
a barn floor. On the Wheatley Hills back of Old Westbury, E. D, Morgan has 
built a superb mansion and established an extensive stock farm. From its 
elevated situation the house is a landmark for all the region round. 

Flushing and the North Side. 

Winfield, Newton, Corona, on the Flushing and North Side Railroad, 
are little towns in the suburbs, averaging fifteen hundred inhabitants 
apiece, in the centre of market gardens and devoted to the manufacture of 
portable houses. Just beyond Corona in the marshes of Flushing Bay the 
road divides, one branch going to Bridge street, College Point and White- 
stone, the other to Main street, Flushing, and through Bay Side to Great 
Neck. 

Flushing is a genuine suburban town, quaint and picturesque in parts, 
modern par excellence^ and boasting many handsome mansions in others. 
It 15 an old town^ its settlement going back to the very same year that 



THE WEST OF THE ISLAND. 213 

Hempstead was founded, 1643. It was first called Vlissenden. Its settlers 
were English refugees who had fled into Holland to escape the Quaker perse- 
cution, then raging through Great Britain. Flushing at its founding was a 
stronghold of Quakers. It is so, even to-day. The first assemblages of the 
"meeting" were held in theoldBowne Mansion erected in 1661. TheBowne 
Mansion stands as one of the landmarks of Flushing in an almost perfect state 
of preservation. It is one of the few old houses that have not felt the 
touch of time, or that the vandals have not attempted to remodel. In 1695 
the "Friends" built their meeting house. The building is standing to-day on 
Broadway almost opposite the little park with hardly a change, save 
that its weather beaten boards have recently had a coat of paint. The old 
history of Flushing is nearly all bound up in the exploits of the Quakers. In 
the eighteenth century other sects began to gain a foothold in the town. 
Episcopalism rose up in 1720, and m 1746 land was given for a church. It 
was erected the same year, of rough gray stone, stately and religious, after 
the Gothic school, and to-day as St. George's it stands another landmark 
of the old town. It possesses a fine and resonant old bell. 

The Flushing of the present day has a population of 8,500 and 
is 12 miles distant from Long Island Cit}'-. Its streets and avenues 
are level, broad, well graded and shaded. It sits back a little from 
Flushing Bay, though a wide creek, perfectly practicable for heavily- 
laden schooners, runs up along the town's boundaries. It is 5 miles 
to the Sound as the crow flies. Flushing's industries are important. 
There are dye works, with about 50 operatives; glass bending works, 
employing great kilns ; the Flushing iron works, including machine 
shops and a foundry for the making of tools and lathes; two saw and plan- 
ing mills ; a portable house company, and a recently established beef con- 
cern which will send out its wagons all over the County of Queens. What 
Flushing is chiefly noted for though, in the commercial way, are her two 
great nurseries, one for hardy stock, rhododendrons, azaleas and ever- 
greens, the other for fruit and shade trees. The latter, the Bloodgood Nur- 
sery, dates back as far as 1729; besides there are several large rose farms 
within the town's limits. 

The clubs, associations, and societies exert a great influence upon 
Flushing's life. They are numerous and of large membership. The Niantic 
Club, fronting on Sanford avenue, is the leading organization. It has over 
a hundred in its membership, the members being drawn from the old 
families of the town. It is located in one of Flushing's old residences, and 
has sleeping accommodations, besides its alleys, parlors and club rooms. 
Another organization of the same social mold is the Flushing Athletic Club, 
now nearly a score of years old, and boasting nearly 300 members. It has 
a fine field and gymnasium, an eighth of a mile running track, base ball, 
football and tennis grounds, and a pretty little club house, covering in all an 
entire square. Tennis tournaments are held every Summer, and Flushing 
numbers more good players, it is said, than any town of its size in this 
country. The Seventeenth Separate Company, of the N. Y. S. N. G., has a 
capital little armory. The aquatic interest is weU developed, there being 
the Nereus, on Flushing Creek, with twelve boats, and the Flushing Boat Club 
(an oar_ organization exclusively) on Flushing Bay, with two barges and 
many little crafts. Other organizations are the Alumni Association of the 
High School, the Republican Club, the Single Tax Club and tlie Good Citi- 
zenship League of Women. The leading institutions are the Flushing Mili- 
tary Academy; St. Joseph's School, which used to be a great place for Cuban 



214 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

yoiingsters; the Public Free Library, with three to four thousand books on 
its shelves, and the famous Convent school with several hundred pupils, es- 
tablished for over a quarter of a century. The society of Flushing is most 
exclusive and its participants largely mingle in New York circles. The 
upper floor of the Town Hall known as the Opera House is used for danc- 
ing. Dances are also given in the gymnasium of the Flushing Athletic Club. 
The Bownes, the Lawrences, the Duryeas, the Powells, and the Parsons, 
are some of the old families that hold up the village's aristocratic tone. 
There is quite a colony also of well-known artists which the late James H. 
Beard headed. Its chief representatives are C. Dana Gibson, Daniel C. 
Beard, and A. B. Wenzel. Flushing has seven churches, lacking only the 
Presbyterian denomination. At the junction of Broadway and Main street a 
pretty village park is marked off. It has a monument to those killed in the 
Civil War, and an ornate iron fountain painted white. It is a great village 
for newspapers, there being three weeklies and one daily. There is a good 
water system, the supply being drawn from artesian wells. The Flushing 
race-course is a mile away from the main street and at the north east comer 
of the village. 

The village of College Point immediately adjoins Flushing on the north. 
Its population is over 6,000, and it is quite a manufacturing centre, being 
situated on Flushing Bay and Long Island Sound. Its chief industries are 
factories for doors and blinds, factories for rubber and silk, and comb works. 
There are four or five singing societies with a membership mostly German. 
The Knickerbocker Yacht Club of New York has its house here, and the 
Harlem Yacht Club its cruising station and its starting point for regattas. 
Whitestone is a village to the east, of 3,000 population. It is mainly a man- 
ufacturing place, though there is always a goodly colony of Summer 
boarders. The chief manufactories are the Central Forge Works, which 
last Summer made one of the largest shafts that has ever been made, to go 
to the World's Fair, a fishing tackle plant, and a tin-can concern. Fifteen 
miles from Long Island City is the farming district of Bayside. It has 
some fine Summer residences, and a rose and chrysanthemum farm. Bayside 
is situated on Little Neck Bay. Two miles to the north is Willets Point, 
with its fort and Government station. Passing Little Neck and Douglaston 
the traveller comes to Great Neck three miles further on. Here is the Sum- 
mer home of William R. Grace, and Edgewater Stock Farm recently estab- 
lished by Francis Browne. 



THE ISLAND'S ©EJ^TI^E. 



The Beaches of Moriches — The Trouting in the Havens — The Land of 
Pines and the Headlands of the North Shore. 



If the traveller will glance at an island map, he will see that fifteen 
miles north of Patchogue, through a region of scrub oaks and pines, where 
no regular farming is possible, and seeming at moments something like a 
western prairie (save for a wooded range of hills), lies the old whaling town 
of Port Jefferson. This region from Plainedge to Manorville, very nearly 
from sea to Sound, is the very centre of the island, almost an unknown land 
to the Summer visitor. It is sparsely inhabited and seemingly has no attrac- 
tions. The most of it is off the railroad line, and squirrels and hares play 
happily in its undisturbed woods. Nevertheless, it is one of Long 
Island's most interesting sections. There is no way of viewing it by rail- 
road. A sleepy stage lumbers over the bad roads each day from Patchogue 
to Port Jefferson, stopping at the somnolent station of Manor, touching his- 
toric but old-fashioned Yaphank. But it needs a trap and a smart cob, if 
one can have the good luck to obtain one, to see the pine plain adequately, 

First, however, there are half a dozen towns and villages along the line 
from Patchogue to Eastport that have great Summer reputations. Bell- 
port, the first of them, is fifty-eight miles from New York, In Winter it is 
a quiet fishing town, numbering barely 600. Summer adds nearly that 
number more to its population. It is not a " cottage town," but one 
known far and wide for the excellence of its boarding houses. There are 
at least a dozen of these, several approaching the dignity of Summer hotels 
in their guest capacity. Though it is not on its private homes that the re- 
pute of Bellport hangs, it nevertheless has several notable country houses 
of much beauty. Much of the town is admirably situated on a bluff over- 
looking Bellport Bay, the end of the Great South water. The shore line 
runs due south here, to bound the narrow channel, on the other side of which 
is the Great South Beach. This channel broadens further eastward into 
East Bay, the territory of the Moriches. At Smith's Point on the peninsula 
south of Bellport it is quite possibte to trace the remains of the breastworks 
of Fort St. George, a British stronghold of the Revolution. Brookhaven, two 
miles away east, the next station on the line, is a village of 350 people and 
two churches, deriving its importance from being in the midst of an excel- 
lent fronting region. The country is honeycombed with little lakes, ponds and 
streams. At South Haven, a post office, a store and one rural church (Episco- 
pal) a mile away from Brookhaven station, is located the exclusive Suffolk Club 
and its superb trout reserve. It has been said, and with some accuracy, that it 
needs a semi-millionaire to get his name put on the membership roll. The 
club is certainly a close little corporation. Its numbers less than thirty gen- 



216 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

tlemen, Judge Pratt of Brooklyn being a prominent member. Its house and 
preserve are up on Carman's River, a mile from the bay, exactly the locality 
where Henry Clay and Daniel Webster used to fish some years ago. This 
is one of the very best trouting localities in the United States; or rather it 
was, for it is getting somewhat fished out now, and the Suffolk Club has to 
stock carefully each year. They have acquired the best of the fishing 
rights, but there are three or four miles of free water with 'very fair sport 
still. The season in this part of the country is April ist to September ist. 

The Moriches commence four miles further on in a station by the name 
of Mastic. This was the old title given to the big peninsula bounded by 
Bellport Bay and Forge River. Farming lands are all about and the inland 
fishing continues good. There is farm house accommodation for about forty 
people. Mastic was for a time called Moriches and then Forge. Latterly, 
it has gone back to its old time name. Centre Moriches (station Moriches, 
Brooklyn 66}4 miles) is a genuine Summer colony down in the sands at the 
head of East Bay. Its permanent residents number only about 500, and 
they are farmers and baymen. In the Winter these people keep within 
their houses, in the Summer they are to be found serving the visitors. The 
view from Centre Moriches is a fine one and the scenery is of a much wilder 
character than is to be noticed in the Great South Bay. Wild ducks, geese, 
black ducks and brant abound, and this is the beginning of the very 
choicest shooting of the island. Though hundreds of sportsmen go down 
here and to Shinnecock annually, these regions are not nearly so much shot 
over as those of the waters to the west. The soil is sandy in the extreme, 
and the roads are poor. Boats run across the bay to the beach, where 
there is good surf bathing. The settlement is a mile from the station, is 
marked by the fine Hotel Brooklyn (accommodation 300) and by Bishop's, 
an old road house and inn, celebrated for its fine dinners. Bishop is a gun- 
ner and fisherman born, and his house is a great headquarters for sports- 
men. Boarding houses are numerous and their capacity is a good 300. The 
coast is cut up with little inlets of shallow depth, making it a perfectly safe 
playground for children. For this reason Centre Moriches is admirably 
situated for youngsters. It boasts two churches, a Methodist and a Presby- 
terian. 

As the railroad sweeps on to Eastport, one gets an adequate glimpse of 
a little bay or cove opening from East Bay, with a big cluster of houses 
on its shore, prettily; located and with an excellent view. That is 
East Moriches, and it is a drive of two miles and a half from the Centre 
Moriches station. East Moriches presents few different characteristics from 
its neighbor just described. It has no large hotels, but it accommodates 
about the same number of tourists. The boating and fishing are equally 
good. The town has more, perhaps, of the quaintness of East Long Island 
than those that have come before it. The native trees that marked it in 
Indian times and even a generation ago have all gone now and in their 
place are being cultivated young maples and oaks. At Eastport the South 
Shore railroad joins with that in the centre of the island by a spur to Manor- 
ville; Eastport is merely a junction. No town worth that name gathers itself 
about the tracks. It is a joining of rails out in the midst of a farming 
country, with its important industry the raising of ducks. There are capi- 
tal duck farms in Eastport, and they wiU well repay a visit. The town ac- 
commodates nearly 100 visitors in its farmhouses. The Long Island Country 
Club has a place here. 



THE ISLAND'S CENTRE. 217 

Manorville, better known as Manor, is a junction in the pine woods, 
directly in the midst of a curious farming district. Staple products are not 
raised with success, as it is a region abounding in swamps, the most exten- 
sive of which, the old Indian Wampmissic, lies three miles west of the sta- 
tion. Peaches, strawberries and blackberries are cultivated with profit, 
however. Manor is historic, getting its name from having been included 
in Colonel Smith's patent of St. George's Manor, granted in 1693. The vil- 
lage was settled fully as early as that, and an interesting old church on the 
road to Baiting Hollow, which will repay the visit of the antiquarian, must 
date very nearly back to that. The Peconic River, flowing west from Pe- 
conic Bay, terminate just north of Manor in a succession of little ponds. 

Due west fror her the character of the country through the island's 
centre is unchanged in its main essentials for thirty miles. The roads with 
hardly an exception (save those immediately around Brentwood, north of 
Islip) are sandy and hard travelling. The hills that form the island's " back- 
bone " taper off and get lower and lower the further east they go, till at 
Manor they are hardly discernible. Three or four miles north of the cen- 
tral railroad line from Manor up to Farmingdale there is good sport with 
the gun for such small game as squirrels, partridges, quail and rabbits. The 
further one gets from a station or a village the better he will find the sport. 
No especial locality can be recommended, but it may be said in general that 
the further east one gets the less he is likely to encroach upon club preserves, 
which are very numerous and comprehensive in some sections. 

Yaphank is a peaceful little village, named after a creek and neck of 
land at South Haven, which is directly to the south of it. Its population is 
a trifle over 500, it is in the midst of the farming section above described, 
and its meadows are well stocked with small game. Its chief claim to no- 
tice rests upon its being the site of the county asylum, a remarkably weU 
kept institution and a building noticeable from a distance. It is said to be 
the largest edifice in the county. Part of its space is devoted to the accom- 
modation of the county poor. Yaphank is over one hundred years old, and 
with historic memories. Medford, five miles further to the west on the 
railroad line, has but a house or two and no village. It is an excellent mel- 
on growing country and large quantities of this fruit are sent weekly 
to the markets. The hills to the north are known as Bald Hills. It has 
room through its farmhouses for some fifty boarders, while Yaphank can 
accommodate seventy. Holtsville, the postoffice for Waverly station, is a 
tiny hamlet a little further on, just north of Patchogue town. To the left, 
driving north, sweep the Dix Hills. 

From Waverly station as a centre, the traveller has a host of little ham- 
lets, none of any Summer importance, but all of interest, both north and 
west. West of Waverly some three miles and a half is Lake Ronkonkoma, 
the largest purely inland sheet of water on the island, a clear, beautifully 
banked pond, three miles in circ:umference, and by some curious, hidden 
law of nature overflowing its banks periodically. Oddly enough, there is 
no hotel on it, though the drive from the station is less than three miles. 
But this deficiency is made up by a doz. n boarding houses taking in nearly 
250 people. Its shores are lined as well with handsome Summer cottages, 
and the groves and shrubbery on the lake's borders make it a most romantic 
spot. The settlement is known as Lakeland. There are a number of ar- 
tisans near the station whose chief occupation is the making of cigar 
boxes. Central Islip beyond is chiefly noted for its being the site of the 
New York County Insane Asylum, The land was purchased in 1884, an4 



218 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

over $300,000 has already been spent on it. Beyond this Central Islip has 
no especial point of attraction. The farming land is good, and the farm 
houses will hold about seventy visitors. 

Brentwood. — In the very heart of the pine region, where these trees 
grow most luxuriantly, a miniature Lakewood has been set. Two daintily 
appointed hotels, the Austral and the Brentwood, keep open house all 
Winter for either the Summer traveler, pure and simple, the over-worked 
man who badly needs a rest, or the invalid with weak lungs. The balsam 
from the grove of pines is most soothing, even to robust people. The ridge 
of hills breaks the force of the north wind. The southern breezes come up 
warm and sunshiny to the hotel's very piazzas. A glass enclosed piazza, 
heated by steam when needful, has proved itself a valuable institution. 
The Austral accommodates 200 guests, the Brentwood about sixty. The 
latter house has an interesting history. It was erected as a private resi- 
dence in 1869 by Mr. R. W. Pearsall of" New York, who had Olmsted, the 
designer of Central Park, lay out his grounds for him in English park 
style. The house was built on the lines of a French chateau with dainty 
panelings and inlaid floors. He, or rather Olmsted, laid out the pine 
forest with trees exactly five feet apart on the northern border to break the 
force of the wind. Just as the building was completed Mr. Pearsall died 
and the great house laid vacant until 1888, when a company experimented 
with their pine sanitarium upon it, a year later building the Austral in 
modern mode. The driving is excellent, the south shore being some four 
miles distant. Though the region is sandy the roads have been carefully 
worked over, and now any trap may traverse them with ease. Several old 
mansions and Summer cottages surround the " Park of Pines." Just east 
is Suffolk station and the grounds of the Suffolk Driving Park. To the 
east is Deer Park, accommodating about forty boarders on its farms. 

North of Waverly the driving is bad but the shooting good. Selden, 
on the road to Port Jefferson, is a small, undeveloped hamlet. Coram, until 
two years ago the town capital, Middle Island and Artists' Lake, over east 
near Yaphank, are places of the same relative importance. Hardly a house 
is to be seen on the drive across the island to the north until one strikes the 
outskirts of P ^rt Jefferson, nor is it until the village is nearly reached that 
there is a glimpse to be had of the Sound. The view is the bush line to the 
horizon, monotonous perhaps, but not ungrateful to the eye. As Port Jef- 
ferson is approached the roads become better. They are largely of loam 
here, though once in a while a sandy district is reached. On the shore, 
over beyond Port Jefferson, to the east, is a long line of little places, 
entirely off the line of railroad communication — Mount Sinai, near which is 
Mount Misery, said to be the highest point on the island next to Harbor 
Hill (Roslyn), Miller's Place, where there is a large working girls' home 
managed by Miss Potter, the daughter of the bishop. Rocky Point, Wood- 
ville Landing and Wading River, the latter settled m 1671. Manorville is 
the nearest station to this little village, and Manorville is six miles distant. 

The Centre North Shore. 

With Port Jefferson as a centre, the coast line to west and east is bold 

and clear. The land often comes down to the water's edge in bluffs and 

cliffs of imposing magnitude. From Port Jefferson to Long Island City, 

. the whole north shore is cut up into great bays and harbors, peninsulas and 

necks. Easterly, the elevations gradually subside, till at Oyster Bay tJie 



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THE ISLAND'S CENTRE. m 

coast line is very nearly flat. But at Port Jefferson the inequalities and ab- 
ruptness of the country are to be seen in all their beauty. 

The town of Port Jefferson lies in a hollow. The railroad terminates on 
a broad plateau of farm lands, a mile from the centre of the town. Thence 
the way lies down a steep hill, bordered by great cliffs. The main street, 
with quaint old buildings on either hand, ends abruptly in a big wharf, 
from which a superb view of the harbor is to be had. This harbor is Port 
Jefferson's pride. Years ago, when she was a whaling town of prominence, 
the harbor sheltered ship after ship, and gained the name of being one of 
the best on the coast. Its whaling glory is long since departed, but the 
ship yards of old still continue. It is true that or late years there have been 
few vessels of the American merchant marine built. But Port Jefferson has 
had her share of repairing and occasionally blocking out a new coaster. 
The four yards of the town are no more idle to-day, at any rate, than they 
were in "whale times," when eight and ten new vessels would be on the 
stocks at once. 

The harbor is perfectly landlocked. Nature made it almost exactly 
what man desired, and the addition of a breakwater or two has given it 
extra commercial value. It is one mile wide by two long. A steamer runs 
every day in Summer and every other day in Winter to Bridgeport, Con- 
necticut, where the villagers do the most of their shopping. There is also 
steamboat communication with New York. The town's industries are a 
steam flour mill with a capacity of loo barrels a day, two large lumber yards, 
and a moulding and planing mill. There were two shoe factories, but 
they have gone out of business. Except for its shipyards, it is a sleepy old 
town. Until 1873 , when the present branch line was built, the village was out of 
the world, and only connected with the inland by stages from Waverly 
station, ten miles away. Yet it went through its days of mercantile 
triumphs, off on a remote corner of the coast, brought into touch with the 
cities by the frequent callings of the big ships. 

The ship-building industry was started in 1797. Previous to the es- 
tablishment of the first yard the village had but five houses, and its only 
importance was as a landing from which cord wood was taken by the smaU 
Sound sloops to the New York market. Some old landmarks still remain, 
in the Roe house (100 years old) and in bits of the ship yards, old hulls and 
frames. Port Jefferson's days of usefulness are not passed, though she 
does not show her activity. In a business way the town is quiet. Socially 
it is very active. There are five churches, "Athena Hall," with an audi- 
torium capable of holding 1,000 people, in which traveling companies fre- 
quently play and lecturers hold forth. The village has been educated up to 
amusements and has two dramatic associations of its own, the Pastime and 
the Ladies' Literary. The Young Men's Social Club gives frequent 
dances during the winter in Athena Hall. Out of doors sports are rather 
neglected, tennis and base ball having fallen into disuse. There is, how- 
ever, a fine race course in the Gentlemen's Driving Park, a mile out 
of the town. The farmers near by find their best profits in raising straw- 
berries for the early markets. The views from the cliff tops, partictdarly 
that from Cedar Hill Cemetery, show a fine expanse of the Sound and the 
Connecticut shore. There are no large hotels, but the many inns and 
boarding houses take about 350 people. 

Port Jefferson is in the hollow, Setauket on the cliffs overlooking it. 
This little town has the honor of being, next to Southold, the oldest place 
in the county. It was settled in 1646, and a house that they say was built 



220 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

in that year is now inhabited and seemingly little changed. A band of 
Puritans founded the town, and immediately built themselves a meeting 
house. This stood until 1812, and was then, unfortuately, torn down. 
Better luck has attended the old Episcopal church, in use to-day, though 
it was built before Revolutionary days. There are several resid.ences of 
this period and of colonial type standing in the village. Of the old Episco- 
pal church the story is told that the Hessians used it as a barracks during 
the war. Setauket is one mile from the Sound, and two and a half from 
Port Jefferson. It is divided into two centres — East and West Setauket. A 
broad field lies in between. This was once known as the " Green;" it is 
here the quaint old village cemetery is, and here that the first settlement 
was made. Setauket is on a big and broad neck of land, and gets an ex- 
cellent Sound view. • The village is one mile from the depot. It has an 
important industry in a big rubber factory of five to six hundred operatives. 
The balance of the population of 1,000 are farmers and storekeepers. There 
is room for 150 visitors, and two churches are in the place. Stony Brook, 
the next village to the west, has a good harbor of its own at the extreme 
end of Smithtown Bay. It was called by the Indians " Wopowog," and 
immense quantities of shells have been found in the neighborhood, indi- 
cating that it was a favorite native resort. It boasts of three churches, a 
lumber yard, and accommodation for fifty people. Nearly all of the village 
is within a mile of the railroad. There is good sport with rod and gun 
roundabout. St. James is more especially a farming district, its soil being 
rich and fertile. It lies three miles east of Smithtown Branch, at the head 
of Stony Brook Harbor, and has about 150 inhabitants and two churches. 
Though an old town, its historic interest is not marked. Its boarding 
houses take about seventy people. 

Smithtown. — There are two parts to this scattering farmers' village, 
Smithtown and Smithtown Branch. Each has its own postoffice and stores. 
Together they only number eight hundred inhabitants, and little provision 
is made for people from the outside world. The Nissequogue River, with 
excellent trouting along its banks, and oysters, clams and eels as well, can 
bring scows up to the "bridge," four miles from the Sound, and quite 
sizable vessels can come up two miles. The whole township of Smithtown 
is a beautiful stretch of farming country, always peaceful, and with a soil 
hardly to be bettered. The two little villages mentioned are almost entirely 
inhabited by Smiths. The most noted member of the family is James Clinch 
Smith, one of the Stewart heirs. An interesting Smith tradition is that 
Richard Smith, in 1663, was offered by the Indians all the land he could 
ride around on the back of a bull in a single day. He immediately started 
through the underbrush, and in this way laid out the boundaries of his 
great estate. Whether this tradition is true or not, it is certain that 
his descendants are called the Bull-Smiths even to-day to distinguish 
them from other members of the Smith family. The old town has many 
interesting bits of history, and the records of the Town Clerk's office are well 
worth careful reading. Several ancient buildings with histories attached 
to them are shown, among them a house in which General Washington 
dined. A mile away from the railroad station is located the shooting and 
trout preserve of the Wyandance (formerly the Brooklyn Gun Club), in- 
cluding two or three well-stocked trout ponds and the shooting rights over 
10,000 acres. The natives say they have so monopolized the sport that 
nine chances to one, if a squirrel or a bird is scared, he will be on the 
club's preserve before a rifle can be brought to bear. 



THE ISLAND'S CENTRE. 221 

Comae is a little village six or seven miles to the west, with a large 
training stable; Hauppauge and Nissaquogue, tiny hamlets to the south and 
the north. To the northwest, a distance of four miles, is St. Johnland, or 
Kings Park, the seat of two great eleemosynary institutions. One of these 
is the St. Johnland Home, providing for the care of crippled and destitute 
children and indigent and feeble old men. The Home is under the care of 
the Episcopal Church. The other institution (by far the larger and more 
important) is the Kings County Farm for the insane and a portion of the 
county paupers. A beautiful locality has been selected for its site. There is 
no better view of the Sound anywhere along the coast. The hills on which the 
many buildings stand — almost a little city by themselves — slope gently 
down to the meadows, and the little valley of the Nissaqilogue shows itself 
in a pretty panorama. Nearly $3,000,000 has been expended up to this 
time, and the colony is not nearly complete. About 1,300 patients are. usu- 
ally quartered there. The shore road to Northport winds in and out, af- 
fording picturesque glimpses of the Sound. The brick yards of Fresh Pond 
are passed on the way, the little settlement of Sunk Meadow and the stock 
farm of Breeze Hill. 

Northport is indebted to its magnificent harbor for the position it holds 
among the Long Island towns. Good sized boats can come up to the dock 
at low tide. This harbor opens into Northport Bay, or Cow Harbor accord- 
ing to the old nomenclature, six miles long and four wide. Northport Bay 
in its turn opens into Huntington Bay which lets out into the Sound. This 
system of waterways makes an unequalled anchorage for all sorts of craft. 
It is no wonder that nearly 100 sail is often seen at cfne time abreast the 
little town, nor that when there were sailing vessels to build Northport 
should have taken such a prominent part in their making. Vessels as large 
as eight hundred tons were turned out on the Northport stocks late in the 
sixties, and then there were five sets of marine railways. Even now the 
yard or so that remains is kept busy repairing and turning out small craft. 
Coasting vessels frequently call in, there are a large number of pleasure 
boats belonging to the town, and the great yacht clubs out on cruises 
often bring their fleets into the harbor. Northport is distinctively an 
aquatic town, and it is her sailing facilities that draw the three to four hun- 
dred visitors that come for the Summer months. Across the harbor, on 
the east beach of Eaton's Neck, there is good bathing, and bluefish are to 
be caught in great plenty. 

The village is well situated, its finest residences being on bluffs to either 
side, overlooking the bay, its main street, wide and well graded extending 
back from the water front. Its population is 2,500, its commercial interests, 
now that ship building has degenerated, are oystering, agriculture, and a 
planing and moulding mill. It is a good deal of a printing town, there 
being two newspapers and a law book publishing firm, the latter concern 
having 100 employees. A yachtsman's magazine, " Modem Yachts and 
Yachting," a monthly publication, has recently been established by Captain 
E. S. Lewis, a well known resident of the town. Northport possesses four 
churches, that of the Episcopalians being an especially artistic and quaint 
edifice of natural wood shingles, weather beaten in stain, and wooden doors 
with black markings cunningly put on to imitate iron work. There is also 
the Young Men's Guild, which is conducted on the lines of a regular club 
and has its rooms, a dramatic organization of a good deal of ability, an 
auditorium seating 600, " Union Hill," and base ball and tennis clubs, par- 
ticularly active when the town is crowded with Summer visitors. The vil- 



222 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

lage is an active one socially, and is regaining its old glory in other fields. 
It is still lit with oil, but water works are about to be put in. 

A granite monument in the square in front of the Presbyterian church 
at the end of the main street is a striking feature of the village. It has a 
furled flag cut in bas relief in the depressed front of the column, and bears 
these words : 

"Erected to the memory of our brave fellow townsmen who died fight- 
ing for the preservation of our Union." 

" The wounds of civil war are deeply cut." 

The monument was erected m 1880 and unveiled on July 4. 

The Port Jefferson railroad once made its terminus at Northport. 
When it was extended, the surveyors established a station two miles further 
inland and ran the road due east from there. The last two miles of the old 
Northport railway were thus made a spur of the main road. Of recent 
years this spur has fallen into disuse, and there is a two mile drive into the 
village. East Northport has a farming population of 200 and a station of 
its own. Elwood is a rural town of the same size two miles south of 
Northport. Greenlawn, two miles nearer Brooklyn, is merely the depot 
for Centreport, also called Laurelton, a pretty watering place two miles north 
of it on Centreport harbor, an arm of Huntington Bay, separated from 
Northport harbor by Little Neck. Centreport is as well placed as Northport 
for scenery and pure air, and can take over 400 boarders. There is no large 
hotel, but a number of pretty cottages. 

A brisk drive of five miles from Northport, due east, over a rolling 
country and roads excellent for the most part, brings the tourist to the lit- 
tle city of the north shore, Huntington, which has a population of over 
3,000, and all the appurtenances and characteristics of a thriving, money 
making town. It is only thirty-eight miles from Brooklyn, and is ad- 
vantageously placed at the head of a practical harbor overlooking 
the beautiful Huntington Bay. The main street of the village is one mile 
distant from the harbor's head and a mile and five-eighths from the depot. 
A horse car railroad, running evenings as well as during the day, affords 
communication between depot and harbor. The lands of West Neck, Lloyd's 
Neck and East Neck, immediately fronting on the bay, have had many hand- 
some residences placed on them within the past two years, notable among 
which is that of J. Rogers Maxwell, of Brooklyn, surrounded by a park 100 
acres in extent. Both the harbor and the ba)'- are kept well filled with 
pleasure craft from May to October. At the head of the village street there 
stands the Public Library of rougl:. hewed grey stone, a memorial to the 
Huntington Volunteers of the Rebellion. It is a building of great archi- 
tectural beauty, and its cost was $9,000. "Within is a beautifully colored 
room with an onyx fireplace, and a well selected set of books. The read- 
ing and reference room is free; to carry books away one must pay a small 
sum. Back of the library is the old Huntington cemetery, with a fine view 
of the surrounding region. In it can be seen the remains of a British forti- 
fication, a well defined mound. The tradition is that the English soldiers 
held this place and baked bread on the tombstones. Certain of these stones 
date away back to the seventeenth century. The old slate stone is to be 
found here with its device of winged devils. They say the ground has 
been used for burial three times over. Other landmarks are the Silas Wood 
house, built over 200 years ago, and the First Presbyterian church, that on 
the hill, as the town is approached from the east. Here the British stabled 
their horses in the days of '76. 



THE ISLAND'S CENTRE. 223 

Besides the First Presbyterian there are seven churches in Huntington. 
An institution that has met with great success is the People's Room and 
Gymnasium, where coffee is served and there are pool tables. This was 
built in opposition to the saloon element by a minister of the village. It is 
managed oy a committee of women from the various churches. 

The Huntington school has 500 scholars and seventeen teachers. It is 
of "Regents' standing," occupying the leading position on Long Island as 
regards the disposition of these funds. The Opera House seats 
1,000 people. Nearly all of the village society is under the auspices of the 
Huntington Social Club, which is pleasantly located in the centre of the 
town, with attractive rooms, has fifty members and is five years old. It 
gives entertainments every fortnight and frequent dances. There is no or- 
ganized athletic interest, but in its place a rifle club, 25 strong, with month- 
ly shoots for club badges, a local minstrel troupe, the SuffoUcs of Hunting- 
ton, a ball nine that once beat the Cuban Giants (4-3), and a small tennis 
club. The village prides itself on horseflesh and there are many fast trot- 
ters on the nearby roads. The Long Island Live Stock Fair Association 
has grounds and a mile track a quarter of a mile south of the depot, and 
fairs are held twice a year. Last Fall the record of the track was broken 
by "David Jones,"a local trotter, owned by David Jones, time 2:17. 

The steamer Huntington makes five trips a week to New York 
during the Summer season (pier at Pike Slip) and one trip a week to South 
Norwalk, Conn. Both freight and passengers are carried, the farmers 
shipping large quantities of produce. The village's industries are a ship 
yard for repairing, four carriage factories, two printing establishments, a 
large publishing firm and a canning establishment near the depot. The 
ruins of an ancient tide mill stand at the head of the harbor. A waterworks 
system deriving its supply for driven wells has just been put into operation. 
The Lloyd Point lighthouse marks the entrance to the bay. There is 
good fishing both inside and outside. The town's accommodation for 
visitors is small in proportion to its size — less than 200. 

Cold Spring, on Cold Spring Harbor, two miles to the west, is another 
of the old whaling towns. Since that marine industry has fallen into de- 
cadence Cold Spring has lost its hold as a town of affairs. It has given up the 
paper and the woolen mills that were a feature of its life not so many years 
ago, and settled down to a quiet country life. Cold Spring Harbor is a 
superb sheet of water, in which the Great Eastern could have turned 
around, had she chosen. It is seven miles long and one wide at its head. 
On the hill-side to the north, overlooking the bay, are a number of fine 
residences. A mill of the turbine wheel variety that has stood at the 
head of the harbor for 200 years is still grinding and can turn out 200 
bushels of grain weekly. The permanent population of Cold Spring is 
small, for there is no village to speak of. Summer visitors come to the 
hotels and boarding houses to the number of nearly 800. Oysters are 
plentiful, the fishing is beyond reproach. The cluster of hotels is some 
three miles from the station. On the east side of the harbor is the State 
Fish Hatchery, established in 1882. It has very complete buildings, an 
admirable biological laboratory fitted up by that department of the Brook- 
lyn Institute, and with courses of study mapped out by them, and is always 
open to the inspection of visitors. This past Winter 250,000 trout were 
hatched, and this Spring 16,000,000 tom cod, 10,000,000 smelts and 75,000 
salmon. The Summer's work will be on shad and weak fish. Mr. Freder- 
ick Mather is the superintendent in charge. Near by are the picnicking 



234 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

grounds of Laurelton to which excursion steamers run from New York. 
Inland on the way to Hicksville, where the branch joins the main line, 
are Syosset, Locust Grove and Jericho — all little farming towns and with 
accommodations for a few summer visitors in their farm houses. Jericho is 
not on the railroad. It is best reached from Hicksville by a drive two miles 
to the north. The latter village is a quiet unpretentious town in the midst 
of farms (population I5800) with a Summer capacity for at least 100 guests. 



THE EASTERN END. 



The Hamptons and the Beaches to Montauk Point — Great and Little 
Peconic Bays — Shelter Island and Gardiner's Bay — Historic Land- 
marks and Episodes. 



East of a line drawn in a northerly direction from the quaint little vil- 
lage of Eastport to the Sound lies that portion of Long Island that has 
grown most in the last few years in the favor of Summer tourists and 
builders of seaside homes. Here are the historic Hamptons, rich in tradi- 
tionary lore, and the old town of Sag Harbor, second in interest, 
in beauty of location and in the sort of charm that is lent by antiquity, to 
none on the island; here also is Shelter Island, famous as a home for fash- 
ionable people, and Gardiner's Island, granted by the Crown of England in 
1639 to Lion Gardiner, whose bones he beneath an old granite sarcophagus in 
its little graveyard, and whose descendants still hold the island and occupy 
the baronial mansion that overlooks the blue water of Peconic Bay near its 
western end. In its historical associations no other part of this most inter- 
esting island surpasses its eastern end. The town of Southold, on the 
northerly prong of the lobster claw into which, as has been fancifully said, 
this part of Long Island shapes itself, and the town of Southampton, on the 
southerly prong, both claim the honor of the oldest settlement; in fact they 
were both settled about the same time, in the year 1640. Lion Gardiner 
was then exercising his right of sovereignty upon his own little island and 
had probably already made many excursions to the mainland south of him, 
where he afterward founded the town of East Hampton, in whose shaded 
main street his marble efiSgy still says to Summer tourists "Memento 
Mori." 

The Dutch had already settled the western end of the island and 
claimed to own the whole of it, though the Algonquins probably laughed 
at their title. English colonists from Massachusetts Bay had attempted to 
take possession of some of the valuable farming and woodlands as far east 
as North Oyster Bay in 1639, and their attempted settlement was prevented 
by the Dutch Government of New Amsterdam. In 1640 a band of settlers 
from the mainland of what is now Connecticut effected a landing on the 
north shore of Peconic Bay at a little place (chiefly associated in the minds 
of modern Long Island tourists with temperance drinks and swimming 
baths) called North Sea, and from there worked their way southward and 
founded the village of Southampton about a mile east of the centre of the 
present village. At the same time Southold was settled in the same way by 
another band of adventurers, who brought their families and household 
goods across the Sound in boats. The two townships named from these 
settlements, with Riverh^ad. ^ud Easthampton, occupy the whole eastern 
end of hQn§ Island, 



226 ' CITIZEN GUIDE. 

The charm o£ this country— with its miles upon miles of flat, sandy but 
not arid meadow land, its profusion of scrub oak and dwarf pine, its many 
acres of coarse grasses in which the stunted bay tree with its vivid green 
leaves thrives and forms the only contrast in color to the dull reds and grays, 
its salt marshes, its great variety of wild flowers, its plentiful supply of 
game of many kinds, its brackish bays and their inlets, its miles of ocean 
beach, its sand dunes upon which the hardy grasses ever wave to and fro in 
the fresh ocean breezes, its windmills that remind the traveler of Holland, 
its old mansions, its well kept roads— is not quickly felt by the stranger. 
One has to become gradually accustomed to Eastern Long Island before he 
can appreciate its beauty. There is not a more healthful country in the 
world than this part of Long Island. From Eastport to Montauk Point no 
one has ever heard of a case of malaria. For the sportsman, whether ho 
prefers the rod and fly or the shot gun; for the swimmer, whether he pre- 
fers to disport himself in the still water of the inland bay or to boisterous- 
ly battle with the ocean waves; for the botanist, who wnU find in the flora of 
this neighborhood a perpetual delight; for the horseman, for the bicyclist 
or for'the mere lounger, it is a veritable paradise. The artists have seized 
upon this end of the island and have done their best to make its beauties 
known to the world, and from Amagansett westward to Speonk and from 
Orient Point westward to Cutchogue and Jamesport, they have established 
themselves. Fashion has planted herself firmly in this part of the island. 
Newport itself is not gayer or more exclusive than that part of Southhamp- 
ton that borders on the lake. On the dark, cool, pleasant street of old East- 
hampton one passes descendants of the original Gardiner of Gardiner's II^- 
land and other folks whose blood is as blue and whose pedigree as distin- 
guished, while in the newer part of the town, bordering on the Atlantic, the 
cottages will compare favorably in architectural beauty with those at re- 
sorts more frequently mentioned in the "society columns." Easthampton, 
to tell the truth, scorns the "society columns." It lies far away from tho 
railroad, and its residents want to hear of no nearer approach by Mr. Cor- 
bin's iron horses. They keep their own carriages and drive to and from 
Bridgehampton or Sag Harbor. They are nothing if not exclusive. 

Boating and Shooting, 

For the amateur sailor this part of the island also has unsurpassable 
advantages. The East Bay is shallow, but broad, and the sloops and cat-boatr; 
upon it are as trimly built and swift sailing as anyone sees in the harbor of 
Patchogue. Shinnecock Bay is a body of water almost as large, and through 
Shinnecock Inlet, when it is open, one may sail if he choose out into the 
ocean. At Southhampton they sail on the deep, fresh water lake, and two 
miles further east, on Mecox Bay, the craft are small, but the sailing is 
good, as it is also on Georgica Lake at Wainscott. But the true sailor-man 
prefers the places that border on Peconic Bay or Gardiner's Bay, where the 
water is deep and the craft are sturdy and sailing in a gale is sailing with 
a vengeance. 

The game laws of Long Island differ somewhat from the regular State 
laws. Wild ducks, geese and brant are plentiful along the shores of the 
bays, and they may be shot anytime between October ist and April 30th. 
Quail are abundant and the season is open from November ist to December 
31st; Hares and rabbits may be shot from November ist to February ist; 
Woodcock from August ist to December 31st, and the shore birds, such as 
snipe, plover, etc. , from July loth t9 December ^^jst, The SeaSOB tov 



THE EASTERN END. 227 

robins, blact birds and meadow larks is from November ist to^ December 
31st. Song birds can never be legally shot, and the laws prohibit all shoot- 
ing, hunting and trapping on Sunday and shooting wild fowl on any waters 
between sunset and daylight by the aid of lights or lanterns. 

Eastport is a village of permanent residents. Of course, no accurate 
estimate can be made of the Summer population of this or any other Long 
Island town. There are hotels in the place, and almost every other person 
takes boarders in the Summer. There are some handsome cottages, occupied 
by city folks in the warm weather, and the Long Island Sportsmen's Club, 
an association of New York gentlemen, formed for the purpose of propagat- 
ing and preserving quail and other game, is comfortably situated here, its 
preserves covermg many acres of wild woodland and marsh. Eastport 
itself is a sleepy, old fashioned little place whose very appearance delights 
the tired wayfarer from town. Around its post office and stores one meets 
retired whalers and other seafaring men to know whom is a privilege. The 
village straggles along the shore of Eastport Creek. The Summer residents 
take their sea baths on the beach two miles across East Bay. At Eastport 
the branch of the main line of the Long Island Railroad from Manorville 
connects with the Sag Harbor road. 

Speonk is a still smaller hamlet nestling close to the shore of East Bay. 
The woodland here runs quite to the edge of the water and the place is very 
picturesque, though generally overlooked by the Summer tourists. Speonk, 
indeed, deserves to be better known. It is nearer to the ocean beach than 
Eastport and the sail over for the morning bath is made very quickly. 
There are a number of very fine Summer cottages at Speonk, and one of 
the interesting sights of the place is an enormous duck farm where ducks 
are raised by the thousand for the New York market. There is no other 
similar farm on Long Island as large as this ; perhaps it is not equalled any- 
where else. The regular population of Speonk does not exceed 225, but the 
railroad station is an important one, because it is convenient to a large 
tract of country which is much frequented by city folks in Summer. 

The Hamptons. 

Westhampton. — This first of the Hamptons covers a large territory 
and includes many hamlets which are all, correctly speaking, a part of the 
same village. Westhampton proper is a straggling village of 400 inhab- 
itants and adjoins Speonk on the east. It is an exceedingly picturesque 
place. The roads wind in and out of groves of stately trees, through 
meadows bright with many colored grasses, and the land rolls and swells 
even near the shore of the bay. Westhampton was settled in the latter 
part of the 17th century, so that it has a history, and while there are few 
relics in existence, probably, of its first settlement, there are houses whose 
antique appearance causes the stranger to pause and view them with re- 
spectful interest. Many of the farmers here have inherited their large 
estates from remote ancestors. The Ransom Jagger estate of some 300 
acres, extending at some points all the way frorn the railroad to the bay, is 
one of the most interesting places in the neighborhood. Summer boarders 
are accommodated in the old farm house, whose broad piazza looks through 
a clearing in the original forest over well-cultivated meadows toward the 
ocean and the adjoining cottages. The wood-path, winding beneath stately 
maples and oaks and pine, through salt marsh lands, and bordered by 
marshmallow bushes, fragrant wild azalea and tall swamp lilies, covered 
in e^rlj surnmer b^ the %T?dlin§ grl^utus; deserves to be described by a po^t 



228 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

and certainly offers to the painter a perfect bewilderment of "studies." The 
well known house of Charles Raynor, situated on Pawcuck Point, right on 
the shore of the bay, where aU the breezes strike it, in sight of the ocean 
surf and to the south of the distant cottages at Westhampton beach, is a 
neighboring hostelry, while north of it along the shore of Beaver Dam 
Creek, a picturesque little estuary, there are other summer boarding houses. 
There is a settlement at Beaver Dam, where an old grist mill overlooks the 
lily pads, and a few old houses cluster around it, which is credited in the 
census with 60 inhabitants. There are more than that in the grave yard 
near by where the founders of Westhampton lie in peace. 

But, after all, the fame of Westhampton proper in the minds of Sum- 
mer tourists is most closely associated with Oneck Point, approached from 
the main road through a natural arch of trees which has inspired painters 
and which every successive Summer grows in favor with the amateur 
photographer. Through this archway one reaches the plain, white, trim, well- 
ordered Oneck House. This is a superior Summer hotel, frequented by the 
families of city men of means. Its cottages look like private houses. Mr. 
Halsey, the owner of Oneck Point, controls all the game privileges in this 
part of Westhampton, and sportsm.en in the shooting season frequent his 
house. There are many fine cottages in Westhampton proper, but to see 
cottages one must go a mile further eastward to that exclusive settlement, 
though a part of the same village, known now as Westhampton Beach. 
Here the Summer residents have a post office of their own, and as they are 
right at the easterl)'- end of East Bay, they can drive or walk to the surf. 
General John A. Dix was one of the earliest Summer residents of this place. 
He built a handsome cottage on the old Dix farm near the ocean, which is 
a sightly landmark as far west as Moriches, and is always in the view of 
the cottagers at Quogue to the east. There is a tablet to the memory of 
General Dix in the little Union Chapel at Westhampton Beach, and his 
son, the Rev. Dr. Morgan Dix, rector of Trinity Parish in New York, fre- 
quently conducts the services there Summer Sunday mornings when the 
Protestant Episcopalians use the chapel. There are 50 permanent residents 
in and about Oneck and the census attributes 350 to Yv^esthampton Beach. 
Prof. Chandler is one of the residents of Westham-pton Beach, and his red 
cottage and the adjoining laboratory stand on the left hand side of the 
main road in the centre of the settlements There are three well appointed 
hotels and a few boarding houses, but the cottager rules here. 

Still further east there is yet another settlement which belongs to West- 
hampton village, though distinct in itself and exclusive to a degree. This 
is the Presbyterian hamlet called Quogue, with a Summer population of 100, 
whose cottages cluster in the forest around a pretty church with shingled 
walls. Westhampton has another Presbyterian church, and Methodist 
Episcopal and Roman Catholic churches as well. There is communication 
by stage through the pine woods and wastes of scrub oak with Riverhead. 

Quogue is approached from the west by carriage by a bridge across 
Quantic Bay, a small body of water which is connected by a narrow canal 
with the water of East Bay, and by the same means with Shinnecock Ba}-, 
further east. Quogue has 275 permanent inhabitants, but its Summer pop- 
ulation is more than ten times that number. It is one of the oldest settle- 
ments in the township of Southampton, and is only a few years younger 
than Southampton village itself, so that it is rich in historical associations. 
But in appearance the village is distinctly modern. The eye first rests upon 
the beautiful Colgate Cottage, with its outlying buildings, ftR4 »ext upou 



THE EASTERN END. 229 

the pretty little shingled church used by the cottagers. The main road 
running parallel with the ocean, is lined by handsome modern summer res- 
idences surrounded by well-trimmed lawns and flower gardens The 
Quogue House, a famous Long Island hotel, is at the end of this road, and 
there are others of equal capacity in the village, which, of course, has its 
share of boarding houses. The bathing beach at Quogue is particularly 
well supplied with appliances for the comfort and convenience of bathers 
and with life-saving machinery. ' 

Two miles east of Quogue one passes through the hamlet called Atlan- 
ticville, at the head of Shinnecock Bay. Atlanticville is not on the railroad, 
and it has but 325 inhabitants, mostly Summer residents only. Its perma- 
nent residents are either small farmers or fishermen, or both. It is a most 
picturesque spot, however, and is worthy the inspection of people lookino- 
for a cool water-side resort in Summer. AH this neighborhood is associated 
with memories of De Witt Clinton, Daniel Webster, and other distinguished 
statesmen of a bygone age. Back from the ocean, near Quogue, are many 
streams that used to be sought for by trout fishermen. In their leisure 
hours these great men of the past went fishing here and took their friends. 
A stage from Riverhead runs to Quogue and Atlanticville. 

Good Ground (Bay Head). — Good Ground is the old Indian name for 
the next settlement, going eastward. The railroad station is now called 
Bay Head. The population of this extensive settlement is about 825 the 
year round. It abounds in comfortable, well-kept boarding houses, some 
of which are on the shore of Peconic Bay, while others front Shinnecock 
Bay. These two bodies of water are at this point very close together. In- 
deed, at Canoe Place, a mile farther on, both bays are connected by a short 
canal, built by the State Government, so that the waters of the bays may 
mingle and improve the fishing, and especially to increase the value of the 
clam beds. The view at Canoe Place is magnificent. Going eastward , one 
has directly at his left hand the wide expanse of Peconic Bay, and at his 
right hand the blue waters of Shinnecock Bay, with the furze-covered Shin- 
necock Hills in front of him, and not far away, beyond the sand dunes, the 
ocean surf breaking on the beach. Here, at Canoe Place, is one of the' old- 
est inns in the State of New York. The tradition is that it was built by one 
Jeremiah Culver, in the year 1735. In front of it are two willow trees grown 
from sprouts brought from the Island of St. Helena, and a tall flagpole 
which has at its base a big wooden figure-head representing Hercules, taken 
from an old war vessel. This is really a beautiful specimen of wood-carv- 
ing, and of value as a relic. Canoe Place is rich in tradition. British offi- 
cers frequented the tavern in Revolutionary days. There is a monument 
near-by erected early in the century to the memory of the Rev. Paul Cuffee, 
the last of the Indian preachers, and the little church in which he used to 
preach is not far distant. There is, also, not far from the inn, the ruin of 
an old fort used by the British in 1776. Perhaps, however, Canoe Place is 
rnost famous, now-a-days, as the place where John L. Sullivan trained for 
his unfortunate encounter with Corbett. At Ponquogue, a point jutting 
out in Shinnecock Bay, stands one of the best-known lighthouses on the 
whole Long Island coast. South of Good Ground, and between it and Pon- 
quogue, is a little hamlet called Springville, and north of Good Ground, on 
the shore of Peconic Bay, are Squiretown (a very small hamlet), and South- 
port, which has a Winter population of 50, but is growing in favor as a Sum- 
mer resort, especially with people fond of boating. At Good Ground there 
is a regularly-established Methodist Episcopal Church, but members of other 



230 - CITIZEN GUIDE. 

denominations have plenty of churches near at hand in other settlements. 
Good Ground, or Bay Head, has grown greatly in the favor of cottagers 
lately, and, especially near Shinnecock Bay, there are many handsome 

modern villas. ,, r^-f • 

Shinnecock Hills.— Cross the canal and you are among the Shmne- 
cock Hills. A few years ago aU this neighborhood was regarded as waste 
land or fit only for cattle grazing. The early settlers bought large tracts of 
the land from the Indians with such trifles as barrels of rum and old guns 
and beads for grazing ground. Probably the artists were the first to dis- 
cover the strange beauty of these rolling hills situated close to the ocean 
and between two large bays, so that in spite of the lack of shade there are 
cool breezes on the hottest Summer days. Shinnecock Hills is noted to-day 
as a place of resort for wealthy New Yorkers. Their villas dot the landscape 
on either side of the railroad tracks. The inn nestUng on a side hill right 
over Shinnecock Bay, so that its gables and chimneys only can be seen 
from the picturesque railroad station, is frequented chiefly by persons of 
means. But after all, the most interesting settlements in the Shinnecock 
regionare the artists' colony, east of the fashionable settlement, and the 
Indian village on Shinnecock Neck, which extends well out into the w^aters 
of the bay. ^Here dwell, indeed, the original aristocrats of Long Island. 
Some of the farmers and fishermen of Suffolk County can trace their an- 
cestry clear back to 1&40, but then the pedigrees are lost in fog. Who knows 
how far back these descendants of aboriginal princes and chieftains can 
trace their fine ? They are to-day a meek, hard working people, in number 
perhaps 100, who, though they do not indulge in resentment, remember 
keenly that they or their ancestors once owned all the territory that modem 
capital has beautified and made into a dwelHng place. In the artists' colony 
there is a Summer school of drawing and paintmg which is largely attended, 
and which it is quite the thing to visit on reception days. Wihiam M. 
Chase, whose own summer residence, a house worthy of an original artist, 
is at the western end of the Shinnecock settlement, conducts the school, and 
Rosina Emmet Sherwood teaches there, also with other painters of national 
repute. It is not an uncommon sight in driving over the well kept roads to 
encounter a group of artists and students each under his or her individual 
white umbrella painting from nature. Painting out of doors is the artists' 
employment on Long Island now-a-days. Very few of them use their 
studios except for finishing touches on rainy days. Mr. Chase has a studio, 
of course, in his commodious house, and his weekly receptions there are 
largely attended by the cottagers from the Hills and from Southampton. 
The architects who designed the Summer residences among these Hills gave 
a wide play to their fancy. The old windmill, knoMm technically as the 
smock mill, from the curious shape of the structure holding the fans, being 
largely in use in the eastern end of Long Island, the ^^^^1^^*^^^.^^. ^p j"^ 
cases seized upon that design and used it felicitously. The Golt Club 
House is a building of particular beautv. From its upper story a tuli view 
is obtained of the Golf grounds, which' extend for three miles and a nait 
east and west. The game of Golf, lately imported from Scotland, is m 
high favor here, and most of the summer residents, male and female, belong 
to the club. There is a little church among the Hills, architecturally m 
keeping with the other buildings. All this land was purchased by the 
Long Island Improvement Company, but the best portion of it is now owned 
by the Inn and Cottage Company, all New Yorkers. Roads have been 
"built, the underbrush cleared away, grass seed sown, and flowers planted, 



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The Brooklyn Citizen. 



It was once said by a writer that if he were permitted to write the 
songs of the people he cared not who made the laws. He rightly believed 
that the people could be swayed and governed more easily through their 
songs than by their laws. But a greater and more potent agency exists to- 
day, however, than the folk songs. It is the people's newspaper, such as 
The Citizen has become. 

The Brooklyn Citizen is, above all else, the people's Home Paper, just 
as Brooklyn is the City of Homes. 

Because The Citizen is the home paper, it is also the paper of the 
schools, the churches, the fraternal societies, the amateur actors, the national 
guard and the several forms of amateur athletics, and of aU the other 
agencies that spring from home life. 

The housewife and mother will always find something to interest and 
to instruct in the Women's World. 

On Sunday, there is a column which tells how to own a home, some- 
thing that every woman desires above all else. 

Everyday, too, there is something to interest the pupils and teachers 
of the schools. The Citizen has taken up and directed attention to the sani- 
tary arrangements of the public schools, and wherever any abuse has been 
found The Citizen has been the first to expose it. 

Identified with the home and the school is the church. In fact, they 
are bound so closely together that the latter could not exist without the 
former, and the stability of the home would be weakened were it not for 
the church. Thus The Citizen devotes, daily and Sunday, great space to 
the doings of the churches of all denominations and to their respective socie- 
ties. 

The sporting page is also of interest, and in that is fou nd the latest news 
of everything that is going on in any of the many branches of that engross- 
ing subject, until it has become a veritable referee in this city for all legit- 
imate sports. 

It is not alone, however, that The Citizen excels in the presentation of 
its news or in its diversity. It is recognized by the Brooklyn merchants as 
the best means of reaching the best people of this city, because it is what 
has been heretofore said, the Home Newspaper of Brooklyn. 

The Citizen has inaugurated and conducted to a successful issue cru- 
sades on various abuses, some of which were detrimental to health and 
others to morals. Other crusades were taken up for the better accommo- 
dation and protection of the public. Among the latter may be mentioned 
that by which the builders have been compelled to place danger signals at 
night on all obstructions placed by them on the streets. 

Everybody who has to use the city's roads, whether for driving or 
bicycling, knows of the efforts The Citizen has made to procure better 
roads, and the wheelmen especially appreciate its labor on their behalf, be- 
cause success has crowned its efforts and the road to Coney Island is prac- 
tically a fact. 

The Citizen has also been the bitterest foe of the pool room, and forced 
the Police Department to take cognizance of the establishment of the busi- 
ness in this city and to close it up. 

The Citizen inaugurated the movement to compel the Smith street and 
Coney Island Railroad Company to run through cars between the Park 
Slope and the Bridge without transfer. That the cars are so running to-day 
is testimony to the efficiency of the efforts. 



THE EASTERN END. 281 

but so far the natural beauty of the hills has been preserved, the effort of 
the owners being to augment rather than destroy it. The blue sage and 
the red and yellow wild grasses still grow in luxuriance. Sugar Loaf Hill, 
the highest point of land on the south shore of the island, is 140 feet high. 
The Indians have a chtuch of their own, and a school which is supported 
by the State. 

Southampton. — Southampton has a regular population of perhaps 
1,500, but in Summer this is greatly increased. There are many large 
stores, and the churches of the village are Catholic, Methodist Episcopal 
and Presbyterian. But to the visitor the most interesting church is St. 
Andrews-on-the-Dunes, situated within a rod of the ocean surf and at the 
extreme end of Silver Lake, around which most of the beautiful Summer 
residences are built. This was once a Government Life Saving Station, but 
it has been completely transformed, and with the aid of Tiffany stained 
glass windows and gargoyles brought from Southampton in England, the 
interior is made most impressive. The services here are conducted during 
the Summer by eminent Protestant Episcopal clergymen from New York, 
some of whom have cottages near the beach. One of the discoverers, so to 
speak, of Southampton, was Dr. Thomas, the distinguished surgeon, whose 
house is one of the finest in the place; but to give a list of the names of 
Southampton people would require a reproduction here of a large part of 
that interesting red and black volume known in New York as the Social 
Register. They are all well represented — Knickerbockers, Huguenots, Puri- 
tans, Sons and Daughters of the Revolution and Tories. There is a good 
hotel near the railroad station, and another on the main street nearer the 
ocean, but the boarder is not exactly in place at Southampton. He gener- 
ally prefers to get a mile or so away from the village in the country. There 
is no lack of good boarding houses north and east. Driving a mile or so 
northward one reaches North Sea on the bank of Peconic Bay, a settlement 
with 75 regular inhabitants, chiefly noted as the landing place of the origi- 
nal settlers of Southampton, whose memorials abound in the streets of the 
village. 

Along a road parallel with the ocean, toward the east, we come upon re- 
minders of some of the early out-lying settlements. There is an old graveyard 
with tombstones dated way back in the seventeenth century, which mark 
the last resting place of people who once dwelt in Cobb, and the country 
around. Cobb is nothing now except three or four farm houses, some very 
much weather beaten, but none more than seventy-five years old, situated 
at a most picturesque turn in the road. Here a little group of artists have 
painted out of doors several Summers, and their impressions of the dunes, 
the farm lanes, and the moors have all been seen in art exhibitions. Here 
in the orchard of a quaint old house Carleton Wiggins, a distinguished cattle 
painter resident in Brooklyn, painted his picture of an Alderney cow for 
the Columbian Exhibition, which was bought by a well known citizen of 
Brooklyn before the paint was dry. Hamilton Hamilton, Arthur Hoeber 
and Clifford Grayson have made "studies" in this neighborhood. Capt. 
Isaac Pierson, an old whaler, is perhaps the best known resident of this 
hamlet, and his remarkably trim and well kept farm is noticed by the peo- 
ple who drive from Southampton. 

Cobb Creek here flows into Mecox Bay, a body of water two miles long 
and a mile and a half in width. There is an mlet through the dunes to 
the ocean, but this closes up in Summer, and the bay is all the bet- 
ter for sailing. At the western end of Mecox Bay is Flying Point, a large 



282 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

portion of which is owned by Captain Luther Burnett, another old whaler 
and familiar and genial character with Summer visitors. This end of Me- 
cox Bay deserves to be better known by Brooklynites and others looking 
for Summer board on Long Island. The Burnetts, both Luther and his 
brother Allan, take boarders. 

Water Mill. — This settlement, with the neighboring hamlets called 
Hay Ground and Mecox, comprises a population of about 450. Water Mill 
gets its name from the oldest mill on Long Island, an antique structure 
which has been greatly modernized and by no means beautified by the ad- 
dition of a Chicago windmill of iron. This stands at the head of Mill 
Creek, which empties into Mecox Bay. Back of it is a fresh water lake 
noted for good pickerel fishing and adjoining it is a Summer boarding 
house, Benedict's, surrounded by an old fashioned flower garden. The 
shores of Mill Creek are high and diversified, and there are a number of 
beautiful Summer homes built upon them. In the centre of Water Mill vil- 
lage is an old windmill carefully preserved as a relic. At Hay Ground 
stands the capacious and modern hotel called Mecox Inn, with a number of 
cottages around it. The popular way of going over to the bathing beach is 
by cat-boat but one may drive either by way of Hay Ground or by way of 
Cobb. 

Bridgehampton. — This is a quaint old village that reminds one of a 
Connecticut or Massachusetts town. Its one wide, elm-shaded street is 
lined by old-fashioned houses with well kept yards and a few good stores. 
At the end of it, where the Sag Harbor road, the Easthampton road and 
the Georgica Lake road separate, there is a huge liberty pole. There is a 
typical country hotel at this corner, and Bridgehampton with its population 
of 1,394 has its quota of boarding houses, but the people of Bridgehampton 
are plain and old fashioned and are rather proud of being so far removed 
from the noise and bustle of "the city." There are two churches on the 
main street, Presbyterian and Methodist Episcopal. Bridgehampton is two 
miles from the ocean. A stage line runs from here to Easthampton, Ama- 
gansett and other smaller places; indeed, by stage or carriage only can any 
one of those places or Wainscott or Georgica Lake be reached, but one may 
start either from Bridgehampton or Sag Harbor. 

Wainscott, four miles and a half from Bridgehampton, is a handsome 
cottage settlement on the shore of Georgica Lake, a body of fresh water, 
and within a stone throw of the sand dunes and the ocean. In the census 
returns the population is quoted at 125. The Rev. Dr. Heber Newton is 
one of the cottagers, all of whom are men of wealth and standing. One 
may go to Easthampton by the way of Wainscott, but the road is winding, 
and of course the journey is longer than to go directly from Bridgehamp- 
ton through the forest. By the direct road the distance is six miles. 

Easthampton and beyond it. — This quaint old village has a population 
of 1,000 the year round, and they are all the kind of people whom the fact 
that the nearest railroad station is six miles away does not trouble in the 
least. While Southampton and Southold contend for the glory of being the 
oldest settlement, the folks in Easthampton remember Lion Gardiner — 
they cannot forget him because his monument is in the little graveyard at 
the head of their main street — and smile at the vain glory of their neighbors; 
while they also fondly cherish a tradition that the renowned Henrik Hudson 
set foot upon the site of their town in i6og, 11 years before the Pilgrim 
Fathers landed on Plymouth Rock. The ocean is not far away and the 
modern Summer settlement is all near the beach. The one street of East- 



THE EASTERN END. 233 

hampton is shaded by glorious old elms, the peers of which can be found 
in few other places, even in New England. Some of the houses are mod- 
ern, and even "Queen Anne," but they stand shoulder to shoulder with 
historic landmarks among which are the Gardiner homestead, the Tyler 
homestead (President Tyler married a daughter of the Gardiners'), the 
home of John Howard Payne's boyhood, the parsonage in which Lyman 
Beecher, the father of Henry Ward Beecher, lived when he preached in the 
old church, Samuel Buell lived, wrote and preached here. Easthampton 
has Protestant Episcopal, Roman Catholic, and Presbyterian churches. 
Most of the Summer residents are cottagers rather than boarders, and some 
of them, like the Morans, the famous artists, and the Rev. Dr. Talmage, 
prefer the shaded quiet of the old street near the frog pond to the colony 
on the beach. 

Three miles east is the little settlement called Amagansett, which also 
boasts its old families, its old houses and its old trees, and 17 miles 
further on is Montauk Point, the extreme end of the southern shore of 
Long Island. Here for many years a famous lighthouse has lifted its head 
far above the water, and until lately there was little else here except graz- 
ing grounds and deep ponds of fresh water where the cattle drank. This 
land, about 9,000 acres, was owned by a company who acquired their title 
fully two hundred years ago from the Montauk tribe. Pasturage was free 
until 1879, when the land was all bought at auction by Arthur Benson, of 
Brooklyn, for $15,000. The Montauk Association was formed two years 
later, and 80 acres near the point was secured by it. Here there are now 
perhaps a dozen fine cottages with a club-house in which meals are served. 
Near the point, on the north side of the peninsula, is a magnificent harbor 
known as Fort Pond Bay. Culloden Point, which helps to make this harbor, 
was named many years ago when the British Frigate Culloden sank near 
that spot. From Fort Pond Bay Mr. Austin Corbin proposes to run a swift 
line of steamships to Milford Haven in Wales, making the journey in 
something over four days. When that project takes form the present charm 
of the Montauk Peninsula — the charm of wild grandeur and remoteness — 
will be lost forever because the line of the Long Island Railroad will then 
be extended to the bay. At present the road branches to the northeast 
from Bridgehampton, and terminates four miles further on upon the shore 
of Peconic Bay. 

Sag Harbor. — This is a curious old seaport town, beautifully situated, 
witji a fine harbor formed by Shelter Island, Hog Neck and Mashomack 
Point. The harbor is called Shelter Island Sound. Sag Harbor has a popu- 
lation of 3,000, it has many beautiful residences, some fine old examples 
of colonial architecture, and many modem; it has Baptist, Methodist, Presby- 
terian, Protestant Episcopal, and Roman Catholic churches, its streets are 
shaded by tall elms and other fine trees and it has many distinguished resi- 
dents; but it has comparatively few industries except those connected with 
biiilding and sailing of summer craft and supplying the wants of summer 
visitors. Sag Harbor is connected by steamboat with Greenport, Shelter 
Island and New London, and also with New York City. It is a popular 
resort with yachtsmen, and the facilities it off ers for pleasure sailing are un- 
equalled. It is well supplied with hotels and boarding houses. Its whal- 
ing Industries steadily declined from 1847, when the importation of whale 
oil and bone was valued at $996,500, until 1862, when it disappeared alto- 
gether, Recently, several large watch and cigar factories giving employ- 
IS^lit to many p^r^oos bav§ b§?ia erected in the village, Noyac, an 0I4 



234 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Indian village with a little bay of its ov/n, and the trout ponds at Oak Grove 
may be regarded as suburbs of Sag Harbor. 

The Islands to the North, 

Shelter Island. — One may go from Sag Harbor to Shelter Island either 
by taking the steamboat for New London, which makes a landing around by 
the Manhanset House, or by driving out to the end of Hog Neck where 
there is a little ferry. Shelter Island has a population of more than i ,000. 
Both of the large hotels, the Manhanset and the Prospect House, are on the 
side of the island nearest to Greenport, with which they are in constant 
communication by means of a little steam propeller. The island is irre- 
gular in outline and its surface is greatly diversified and heavily wooded. 
The farming lands are excellent. The island has an interesting history, as 
it was originally settled by George Fox and other Quakers when they were 
banished from New England by the Puritans. The owner of the whole 
island in those early days was Nathaniel Sylvester, who held it under a grant 
from the English Crown. He was not a Quaker, but was a warm-hearted, 
liberal-minded man, and his fame has been preserved for all time by the 
poet Whittier: 

<«* * * wiser than his age. 
The Lord of Shelter scorned the bigot's rage." 

A monument commemorating Sylvester's reception of the Quaker fugi- 
tives was erected on the island in 1884, near the present Manor House, 
more than one hundred years old, which is not far from the site of the first 
house of Sylvester. The natural advantages of Shelter Island had been 
known for very many years before the formation of the Camp Meeting As- 
sociation which built up that part of the island now known as the Heights, 
in 1872. The place was not used as a camp meeting settlement more than 
seven or eight years and, indeed, before the Methodists discontinued their 
regular religious services in the grove on the Heights many clergymen of 
other denominations occupied the cottages clustered around the Prospect 
House. Among these were the Rev. Dr. Henry M. Scudder, of Brooklyn, 
as good a sailor as he is a preacher, and the Rev. Dr. Llewellyn D. Bevan, 
who succeeded the venerable Gardiner Spring as pastor of the historic 
Brick Chiurch on the summit of Murray Hill in New York. This part of the 
island, comprising about 300 acres, is as attractive as any Summer resort on 
Long Island. The hotel stands near the water; there are billiard rooms, 
bowling alleys and tennis grounds, and the bathing beach of firm, white 
sand is well supplied with every facility for bathers. . The cottages ramble 
up the hill-side and on the summit of Prospect Hill, the highest point on 
the island, there is an observatory from which may be obtained a most in- 
spiring view of land and sea. From here the eye rests upon Montauk 
Peninsula at the right, the upper end of the lobster's claw, with Greenport, 
Orient, Plum and the Gull Islands at the left, the vast expanse of Gardi- 
ner's Bay directly in front, with Gardiner's Island in the distance; and the 
view comprehends the Sound at the north and the Atlantic Ocean at the 
south. The Manhanset House is two miles further east, and is a thorough- 
ly equipped seaside hotel with a number of fine cottages. This is a popular, 
resort with the yachtsmen of the New York and other crack clubs, whose^- 
sloops and schooners frequently lie at anchor in Greenport Harbor. It is 
also a fashionable resort for residents of Brooklyn and New York. There 
^T^ twenty miles of good roads for driving, p^^ facilities fQV sailing are -iiii- 



THE EASTERN END. 235 

surpassed, and the shops of Greenport are only a mile or so away, and 
easily accessible by the ferry. There are well laid out athletic grounds 
with tennis courts and a good beach for still water bathing. The Shelter 
Island Yacht Club has a large membership, 

Gardiner's Island. — It is a pleasant sail, with a good breeze, through 
Peconic Bay, from Shelter Island to Gardiner's Island, which has a popula- 
tion of about 25, principally farmers employed by the Gardiner estate, and 
fishermen who lease the grounds on the shore. The island is seven miles 
long, and, in its widest part, about three miles across. The soil is excellent 
for fruit and cereals, and is well cultivated. In the old Gardiner Homestead, 
some of the furniture brought from Old England in the time of James I. 
by the original Lion Gardiner is still preserved. The island is associated 
with the traditions of the notorious pirate. Captain Kidd, who once buried 
stolen treasure on the shore. A chest containing gold, silver, diamonds 
and rare fabrics was dug up once by a commission having State authority. 
Among the relics in the Homestead is a silk shawl said to have been pre- 
sented to one of the Gardiner ladies by the pirate. In the old family grave- 
yard, on a hill near the north end of the island, a dozen members of the 
Gardiner family were buried, and Lion's bones lie beneath a granite sarco- 
phagus in the centre. 

North of the Peconic Bays, 

Greenport, across Peconic Bay from Shelter Island, the principal vil- 
lage in the township of Southold, has a population of 3,000. It is the termi- 
nus of the main line of the Long Island Railroad, and was once a famous 
whaling port. It is now one of the busiest places on Long Island, and the 
people are largely interested in shipbuilding and menhaden industry. The 
harbor is one of the best on the coast, and lately the new breakwater has 
greatly improved it. Greenport has a bank, a fire department, two news- 
papers and seven churches; it has steamboat connection with Shelter Island, 
Sag Harbor, New London and New York. It has its historical associations 
and traditions, and the house in which Washington slept one night, in 1777, 
is still standing. The Wyandanck House, the principal hotel for business 
men, is near the railroad station. Standing on the main street, not far from 
the steamboat pier,v/ith well-shaded grounds of its own, is the Clarke House, 
once the home and hostelry of Sheriff Clarke, a magnate of Suffolk County, 
who is well remembered. The Clarke House to-day, as it has been for many 
years past, is conducted as a private hotel for families by the Sheriff's 
daughters. Miss Ehzabeth Clarke and Mrs. Post. There is probably no other 
resort so homelike, or, in a modest way, so exclusive, on Long Island. They 
do say that "Miss Bessie," as she is affectionately called by everybody in 
Greenport, will not permit a stranger to enter the house unless he brings 
his pedigree and a letter of recommendation. The Booth House is another 
v/ell-kept resort for Summer boarders, but Greenport is remarkably well- 
supplied with boarding houses and fine modern cottages that can be rented 
for the season. A walk of about four miles northward brings one to the 
cliffs overlooking Long Island Sound, which is here at its widest point. 

From Greenport, eastward. — A stage runs from Greenport to the end of 
the northern arm of the island, ten miles further eastward. The road is 
hard and firm, and almost as smooth as a floor, and near East Marion, a 
little hamlet midway between Greenport and Orient, where a windmill like 
those seen so frequently on the southern side of the island still lifts its fans 
to the \iVt'97,e> and ,2^nnds the grist of iji^, nei^hbpring farmers, th§ waters pf 



336 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

the Sound break on the north side of the road, and those of Gardiner's Bay- 
on the south side. Orient is an old-fashioned village, with quaint old houses, 
and flower-gardens in which the holly-hocks, marigolds, dahlias, balsam, 
and garden roses bloom luxuriantly in beds bordered by box. The popula- 
tion of Orient is about 800. It is a temperance town, and no liquors are 
procurable. There is a hotel at Orient and another at Orient Point, a mile 
or so further east, which is the "jumping-oif place" of the Northern Penin- 
sula. Near the Point is the famous Comstock stock farm, where the cele- 
brated trotter Rarus was born and bred. The Comstocks are the most 
numerous family in this part of the island, and there are as many Comstocks 
in Orient and thereabout as there are Halseys and Burnetts in the Hamp- 
tons. Between the Point and Orient many wealthy gentlemen have re- 
cently built cottages. A mile east of the Point, and separated from it by 
the historic Plum Gut, through which a famous New York amateur sailor 
once sailed his yacht and lost a race thereby, is Plum Island (well termed 
"the paradise of sportsmen"), and beyond this, straight to the east, are the 
two Gull Islands, Big and Little. Plum Island is credited with a population 
of 75, mostly interested in fostering and ministering to the wants of sports- 
manship. The territory of Long Island, however, extends still further, be- 
cause Fisher's Island, with a population of 250 and an extensive Summer 
hotel, lying close to the Connecticut shore at the extreme end of Long 
Island Sound, which is there divided into Fisher's Island Sound and Block 
Island Sound, is a part of Suffolk county. The nearest place on the main 
land to this island, however, is New London, Connecticut, and the two 
places have steamboat communications. 

From Greenport westvvArd. — Returning to Greenport in our imaginary 
tour of the Northern Peninsula and proceeding thence westward, the first 
village we pass through is Southold, settled in 1640. In October of that 
year, the Rev. John Youngs organized the Southold Presbyterian Church, 
which is still flourishing. The population of Southold is about 1,400. The 
village streets are quite well shaded and well kept. The Savings Bank, in 
a small building with a vine covered front, is one of the oldest and strongest 
in the State. Southold has Roman Catholic, Methodist Episcopal, Univer- 
salist, and other churches as well as the Presbyterian. There is a hotel 
and there are many boarding-houses. Some of the private residences are 
very handsome, and all are kept in good order, the villagers being enter- 
prising and public spirited. From Southold to the Sound is but a mile, 
and the light-house on Horton's Point is one of the most important in the 
neighborhood of New York. Peconic, the next village westward, has a 
population of 400. The farming land here is particularly fertile. The place 
was originally called Hermitage. Cutchogue, a mile or so further on, has a 
population of 800. There are many stock farms in this village and the pic- 
turesque features of the neighborhood have made it a resort of artists. 
Southward a mile and a half is New Suffolk, on the shore of Peconic Ba3^ 
which has long been a famous resort for sailing and fishing. It has a popu- 
lation of 200. Robins Island, reached from here in a short sail, is owned 
by a famous gun club, the members of which are prominent residents of 
Brooklyn. The island comprises 469 acres of meadow and forest, hill and 
beach. 

Mattituck is a busy village with a population of 800, excellent Sum- 
mer hotels and many fine Summer residences erected by Brooklynites. 
There are four churches. The farming land is of the best quality and the 
place is famous for its vegetables. The farmers also engage extensively in 



THE EASTERN END. 237 

seed-raising, and the Mattituck cabbage seed has a national reputation. 
Another thing for which this village is famous is the soft shell crab, which 
reaches a degree of perfection in the little creek that flows in from the 
Sound rarely attained by it elsewhere. 

Jamesport has a population of 300, and is growing rapidly. In late 
years the accommodations for summer boarders in this place have not 
equalled the demand, and cottages are increasing in number every year. 
Jamesport is practically at the head of Peconic Bay. It has Congrega- 
tional and Methodist Episcopal churches. The boating, saihng and fish- 
ing facilities are equal to any on Long Island. The water near the shore 
is shallow, and it is therefore a perfectly safe place for children. There is 
much social gayety in Summer. Aquebogue, another resort near by, has a 
population of 250, 

RiVERHEAn, the county town of Suffolk, has a population of 2,000. 
The Peconic River, upon the bank of which it is built, empties into the bay 
of that name a short distance eastward. The people of the village are 
quite near enough to the bay to enjoy all its advantages of fishing, sailing 
and bathing, while a drive of eight miles southward through the pine and 
oak takes them to the ocean. The village is handsomely laid out and is a 
very lively place, especially when the County Court is in session and when 
the agricultural fair is held in the Autumn. There is a newspaper, a Sav- 
ings Bank, a National Bank, and there are six churches. The county build- 
ings, including the Court House, Clerk's Office and Jail, are imposing struc- 
tures surrounded by well trimmed lawns. The fair grounds comprise 
twenty acres, a good trotting track and suitable buildings. Riverhead is 
in the centre of a rich farming country, especially for cauliflower, potatoes 
and the small fruits. In June man}^ car loads of strawberries are sent daily 
to the city markets. There are a number of profitable cranberry bogs in 
the neighborhood. Great Pond, a mile from the village, is a fine body of 
fresh water clear as crystal. Flanders, two mfles away, on the shore of the 
bay is a resort favored by fishermen. Riverhead has stage connection 
with Westhampton, Quogue and Atlanticville. 

Manorville, a settlement of 350 inhabitants, is chiefly noted as a junc- 
tion on the railway where the Sag Harbor branch of the main line separates 
from the Greenport division. A ride on the railroad of four miles south- 
ward brings us back again to Eastport, whence we started on this tour of 
the eastern end of Long Island. 

Along the ocean beach in this part of the country, the United States 
Government has life-saving stations at Westhampton, Quogue, Shinnecock 
Bay, Southampton, Mecox Bay, Georgica, Amagansett, Napeague and 
Montauk Point. Besides the light-houses already mentioned there are im- 
portant ones on Plum Island, Little Gull Island, Long Beach Bar, near 
Orient, and Cedar Island near Sag Harbor, 



QAZETTEEf^ OF LONG ISbjfOcND. 



A Complete List of all the Towns, Villages, Hamlets, Summer Resorts, 
and Locations on Long Island, with Distances from Brooklyn, 
Railway and Steamboat Fares, Stage Connections, &c. — L. I. 
Post Offices and Telegraph Stations. 



Abbreviations.— B B & W E RR, Brooklyn, Bath & West End Railroad; BIS, Block 
Island Sound; E R, East River; F B, Flusbing Bay; fr, from; GarB, Gardiner's Bay; GB, 
Gra-vesend Bay; G P B, Great Peconic Bay; Gs B, Grassy Bay; G S B, Great South Bay; 
Ham, Hamlet; H B, Hempstead Bay; H Har, Hempstead Harbor; In, Inland; Is, Island; 
J B, Jamaica Bay; KG, Kings Co; L I RR, Long Island Railroad; L P B, Little Peconic 
Bay; Loc, Locahty ; M B RR, Manhattan Beach Raih-oad; N Y & S B RR, New York & Sea 
Beach Railroad; N Y & R B RR, New York & Rockaway Beach Railroad; Nor B, North- 
port Bay; O, Ocean; O B, Oyster Bay; Pen, Peninsula; RR, Raili'oad; S, Long Island 
Soimd; Sh Is, Shelter Island; Shin B, Shinnecock Bay ; SIS, Shelter Island tound; So B, 
SoutholdBay; SOB, South Oyster Bay; St, Stage; Sum, Summer Resort; T, Telegraph 
Office; Vil, Village. 

Distances are measured by ordinary routes from City Hall, Brooklyn. 



n 

Name. '-5 

a 

o 

Abrams Landing Gar B 

Acabonac Harbor Gar B 

Albertson In 

Alder Island HB 

Alexandei-viile In 

Amagansett O 

Amityville GS B 

Appletree Neck G S B 

Aquebogue In 

Aqueduct . . .In 

Arduioor K C 

Arlington Beach O 

Arshamomaque S 

Artist Lake In 

Arverne O 

Astoria E R 

Atlantic Park O 

Atlanticville SB 













Fares to Near- 






a, 






est RR Station 
or Steamboat 


t 






Routes. '^ 


Landings. 


V 

ft 


+3 

ID 




3 


Single. Excur- 
sions. 


Ham 






114 


LI RR; St from 
Bridge HamptonlS 


$ c 
2 80 


S c 
5 05 


Har 






113 


LIRR;St fr Sag 
Harbor 11 


2 95 


5 30 


RR 




T 


22 
25 


L I RR 


55 


1 00 


Is 






HaTn 


PO 


T 


58 
112 


L I RR 






Sum 


L r RR; St fr 












Bridge HamptonlO 


2 80 


5 05 


RR 


PO 


T 


83 


LIRR 


95 


1 70 


Pen 






40 


L I KR; via Baby- 
Ion 


1 10 


2 00 


Ham 


PO 




78 


L I RR; St fr River- 
head 3 


2 20 


3 95 


RR 




T 


10 


N VV & R B RR 


25 


35 


Loc 






5 


NY&SBRR 


25 


35 


Sum 






24 








Ham 






95 


L I R R; St fr 
Greenport 2 


2 80 


5 05 


Ham 






66 


LIRR;Stfr Yap- 
hauk 


1 75 


3 15 


Sum 


PO 


T 


16 


LIRR 


45 


80 


Town P O 


T 


8 


Horse cars fr 














Brooklyn 2 


5 


10 


Sum 






24 


NY&RB RR; St 
fr Holland 


30 


50 


Vil 


PO 




80 


L I RR St fr Quogue 2 


2 30 


4 15 



GAZETTEER OF LONG ISLAND. 



239 



d 
o 

Name. c -^ 

U m 

O OJ 

J « 

Babylon G S B Sum 

Baiting Hollow S Vil 

Baiting Hollow Sta In RR 

Baker's Point S Pen 

Bald Hills In Ham 

Baldwins In Vil 

Bar Beach S Pen 

Barnes Hole BIS Beach 

Barnum's Island H B RR 

Barren Island .IB Is 

Bartlett In Ham 



Bath Beach . 



,.GB Sum 



Bath Beach Junction. .In Ham 

Bayport GSB RR 

Bay Head (Good 

Groimd) In Vil 

Bay Islands GSB Is 

Bay Ridge NYH Vil 

Bay Shore GSB Sum 

Bay Side S Sum 

BayviUe S Vil 

Beach Channel J B RR 

Beaver Pond In Pond 

Bedelltown In Ham 

Bedford Bklyn Loc 

Bellmore In RR 

Bellport GSB Vil 

Benjamintown In Ham 

Bennett's Ft NYH Pen 

Bensonhurst G B Vil 

Ben's Point Gar B Pen 

Bergen Island H B Is 

Berlin In Vil 

Berrian's Is . . .S Is 

Bethpage In Ham 

Bethpage Junction — In RR 

Blissville In Loc 

Blue Point GSB Vil 

Bluff Point Cow H Pen 

Blydenburgh's L'ding.S Loc 

Bl'ydenburgh's Mils . . . S Ham 

Blythebourne In Vil 

Bohemian Village In Vil 











Fares to Near- 


CD 


.d 


•fad 

0) >j 


a 


est RR Station 


i 


« 


or Steamboat 




s| 


Routes. ^ 


Landings . 


n 




■2 p 


<v 


Single. Excur- 


(u 


H 


^ 




Sions. 


PO 


T 


3H 


LIRR 


1 10 


2 00 


PO 




74 


L IRK; St fr Bait- 












ting Hollow Sta 4 


2 05 


3 70 




T 


70 
30 


LIRR 

L I RR to Roslyn, 


2 05 


3 70 








thence by St 5 


55 


1 00 






55 


LIRR 2 






PO 


T 


23 

28 


LIRR 

L I RR to Rosyln, 


65 


1 15 








thence by St 


. 55 


1 00 






lOH 


St f r Ea St Hampton 1 








T 


25 


LIRR 


65 


1 20 






16 


MBRR 3 


20 


•30 






58 


LIRR;Stfr Yap- 












hauk 214 


1 75 


3 15 


P o 


T 


6 


B B & W E RR or 












Electric Line 


10 


18 




T 


5 


BB& WERR.... 


08 


15 


PO 


T 
T 


53 

85 
48 


L I RR 


1 55 

2 45 


2 80 


PO 


LI RR 


4 40 




By water f r Baby- 










lon 6 


1 10 


2 00 


P 


T 


5 


Street cars from 












Brooklyn 


10 


20 


PO 


T 


42 


LIRR 


1 20 


2 15 


P 


T 


15 


LIRR 


30 


55 


PO 


T 


84 


L I RR; St fr Lo- 2 

cust Valley or by 


65 


1 15 








Str Northport... 


60 


1 00 




T 


14 
36 


L I RR 


30 


50 




L I RR 2 








40 


LIRR; St fr Cen- 












tral Park 1 


85 


1 55 


PO 


T 


2 


Street cars in 












Brooklyn 


05 


10 


PO 


'L' 


27 


LIRR 


75 


1 40 


PO 


T 


59 

71 

6 


L I RR 1 

LIRR 3 

BB& WERR 


1 75 


3 15 


PO 


T 


6 


B B & W,E .RR or 












Electric Line 


10 


18 






104 


St fr Greenport. . . 8 
Reached frBarnum 

Is 
Street cars f r L I 










4 












City 1 


05 


10 






7 


By boat fr Astoria, 2 










33 


L I RR; St fr 












Farmingdale 2 


90 


1 60 




T 


30 


L I RR; St fr 












Farmingdale 


90 


1 60 






5 


Street cars f r Bklyn 












or L I City 


05 


10 


PO 




54 


LIRR; St fr Bay- 












port 1}4 


1 55 


2 80 






45 


St fr Northport ... . 2 


1 20 


2 15 






52 


LIRR 










50 


LIRR 1)4 






PO 




3 


B B & W E RR . . . 


Or, 


10 


PO 


T 


51 


L I RR; St fr Ron- 












konkoma 2 


1 40 


2 50 



340 



CITIZEN GUIDE. 



o 
Name. ■^ -^ 

O Oi 

Hi ft 

Bostwick's Bay Gar B Bay 

Bowery Bay S Sum 

Brentwood In Vil 

Breslau GSB Vil 

Briclgfehampton In Vil 

Bridgeport In Ham 

Brighton Beach O Sum 

Broad Channel HB RR 

Broadway F B Vil 

Brookfleld Station . .In Loo 

Brookhaven GSB Vil 

Brookville In Vil 

Brown's Hills ..S Hills 

Brownsville ENY Loc 

Brown's Point GSB Pen 

Bull's Head In Ham 

Bushwick. Bklyn Loc 

Bushwick Jimction In RR 

Buttermilk Channel. . .N Y H 

Button Ball Lake In Lake 

California In Loc 

Calverton In Vil 

Canaan In Loc 

Canarsie j B Vil 

Canoe Place Shin B Ham 

Canoe Pond In Pond 

CapiagNeck GSB Pen 

Cap Tree Island ...GSB Is 

Carman's In Ham 

Cedarhurst In Club 

Cedar Island GSB Is 

Cedar Point GarB Pen 

Central Ishp In Vil 

Central Park In Vil 

Centre Island S Pen 



Centre Moriches 
Centreport 



...E.B Vil 
. . . S Vil 



^ 



PO T 

T 

PO T 



POT 

T 
PO T 

T 
PO T 



PO T 

PO T 
T 



PO T 
PO T 



PO T 



PO T 
POT 



POT 
PO 



Champhn's Creek 

Charlottesville 

Christian Hook 



• GSB Creek 
-In Vil 

In Vil 



© >> Ph 

o-^ Routes. '^ 

So =» 

100 By boat fr Green- 
port 14 

8 Excursion boats fr 

NY City 

42 LIRR. 

35 L I RR 

97 LIRR 

19 L I RR; Stage fr 

Valley Stream... lU 

9 L I RR or Brighton 

B RR 
13 NY&RBRR...;; 

L I RR 

15 L I RR 

62 L I RR 

29 LIRR; St f r Glen 

Head 2 

107 ByStfrGreenport.lO 
5 Street cars fr Bklyn 1 
46 By St fr Saj-^riiie . . i 
98 L I RR to South- 
ampton 1 

2 Street cars in 

Brooklyn 

5 L I RR and Street 

cars 

Bet Bklyn and Gov- 
ernor's Is 

87 By St fr Water 

Mills 2 

61 LIRR ,2 

70 LIRR; St fr Bait- 
ing Hollow 1 

57 LIRR 2 

6 LIRRorB<S^RB 

RR 2 

86 LIRR;StfrShmH 1 
74 Stage from Baiting 

Hollow 

35 St fr Amity ville... 2 
50 LIRR: boat from 

Babylon 8 

64 L I RR 2 

21 LIRR 

42 LIRR; boat from 

Babylon 8 

107 L I RR; st fr Sag 

Harbor 5 

45 L I RR 

30 LI RR 

37 L I RR; St fr Bay- 
ville and by str 
Portchester fr N 

Y 

68 LI RR; St fr Mor- 

ictics . 1 

40 LIRR;s't'frGreen 

Lawn iL^ 
44 L I RR to Islip . ■ 1 ^ 
6 Street cars f r Bklyn 1 
23 L I RR; st fr Mill- 
bum 2 



Fares to Near- 
est RR Station 
or Steamboat 
Landings. 

Single. Excur- 
sions. 



1 20 2 15 

1 00 1 80 

2 80 5 05 



50 

15 
30 
25 

1 80 

55 

2 80 
05 



2 65 
05 
10 



2 05 



40 

2 00 

1 10 

10 

65 



90 

25 
50 
40 

3 25 

1 00 

5 05 

10 



4 80 
10 
15 



3 70 



2 55 4 60 

1 10 2 00 

.50 1 00 

1 10 2 00 

2 95 5 30 
1 80 2 35 

85 1 35 



75 

3 60 

2 00 

20 

1 15 



GAZETTEER OF LONG ISLAND. 



241 



Name. 



o 
o 

Hi 



§ 
P. 

•c 

o 

Q 



p. 






City Pond In Poud 

Clarenceville In Vil 

Clay Pitts In Ham 

Cleaves Point Gar B Pen 

Club House GB RR 

Club House GSB Club 

Cockle's Harbor GarB Har 



Coe's Hook H B 

Cold Spring In 



Pen 
Vil 



PO T 



College Point . 
Columbusville 
Comae , 



S 

.In 
.In 



Inc V P O 

Ham 

Vil PO 



Coney Island O Smn PO 

Conklins Point GSB Pen 

Conungum Mills In Loc 

Connetquot River . . ..GSB River 

Coram In Vil P O 

Cormorant Point Shin B Pen 

Conscience Bay S Bay 

Corona In Vil PO 

Cove Neck S Pen 

Cow^eck (Mauliasset) S Pen 

Crab^Meadow S Ham 

Crane Neck S Pen 

Creedmoor In Vil P O 

Crooked Hill In Loc 

Crow Island H B Is 

Culloden BIS Pen 

Cutchogue In Vil PO 

Cypress Avenue In R R 

Cypress Hills Bklyn Cem 

Darlington In Ham 

Deep Creek Meadow.. H B Is 

Deer Park In RR P O 

Dellwood Loc 

Derings Harbor Sh Is Loc 

Dix Hills In Ham 



83 
8 

43 

97 

8 

47 

99 



26 
35 



' 14 

6 

45 

T 8 



44 

70 
47 
59 

87 
58 
10 

m 

24 



43 

50 
16 

38 
22 

120 

T 88 

7 

7 

52 

27 

T 38 
5 
96 
39 



Routes. 



LI RR to Frank- 

linville 1 

Rapid Transit fr 

Bklyn 1 

L I RR 2 

In Greenport Har. 1 
BB&WERR .. 
LIRR; stfr Oak- 
dale 1 

L I RR; boat fr 
Greenport to 
t o Manhanset 
House, (Shelter 
Island); st fr 
Manhanset 

House 3 

Stfr Mill burn.... 2 
L I RR ; and by str 
Portchester fr N • 

YCity 

LI RR 

By St fr Winfield. 1 
LIRR; stfr North- 
port . . . . 5 

B B & W RR; C I E 
RR Culver Route; 
L I RR; N Y & 
Sea Beach RR... 

Stfr Babylon 2 

L I RR, 

Near Club House. . 
LIRR; St frMed- 

ford 4 

Stfr Bay Head... 2 

Near Setauket 

LIRR 

Stfr Oyster Bay.. 2 
L I RR, N Shore 
Div; St fr Great 
Neck ••••••. ... 5 

LIRR -stfr North- 
port 

LIRR; Stfr Stony 

Brook 4 

L I RR; St fr 
Queen's 1 

StfrEdgewood.... 3 
By Boat fr Free- 
port 2 

By St fr Sag Har. . 

LIRR 1 

LIRR 

Street RRs in Bklyn 1 

L I RR 4 

By boat fr Free- 

port 3 

LIRR 

Boat fr Greeniiort. . 2 
LIRR; Stfr Hunt- 
ington 3 



Fares to Near- 
est RR Station 
or Steamboat 
Landings. 

Single. Excur- 
sions. 



12 20 

1 40 2 50 



2 80 5 05 



25 


45 


12 


20 



1 20 2 15 



15 

1 60 
15 

40 

1 60 
40 



2 55 
15 
05 



25 

2 90 
25 



2 90 
70 



4 60 
25 
10 



1 10 2 00 



1 05 1 90 



242 



CITIZEN GUIDE. 



a 
o 

Name. '^ -^ 

O CO 

O (U 

»-? « 

Dosoris S Ham 

Douglaston . . S RR 

Driviner Park , .In 

Duck Harbor Nor Har 

Dunton In vil 

Dutch Kills E R Loo 

Dutch Pond Point S Pen 

Dyer's Neck Pen 

East Astoria In Loc 

EastBay O Bay 

East Beach S Sum 

East Beach S Stun 

East Fort S Fort 

Easthampton O Sum 

East Hinsdale In Ham 

East Islip GSB Vil 

East Island ;.. . S Is 

East Jamaica In Ham 

East Marion S Vil 

East Meadow In Ham 

East Moriches E Bay Vil 

East New York Bklyn Loc 

East Neck S Pen 

East Northport In Ham 

East Norwich In Vil 

East Patchogue G S P Vil 

Eastport EBay RR 

East Quogue Shin B Vil 

East Rockaway In Vil 

East Setauket S Vil 

East Williamsburgh...In Vil 

East Williston In Ham 

Eaton's Neck S Pen 

Echo S Ham 

Edenvale In Ham 

Edge-wood In Ham 

Edwards Point GSB Pen 

Egypt In Ham 

Elmont In Vil 

Elwood In Vil 

Evergreen ENY Vil 



PO 



PO 

PO 
PO 

PO 



PO 


PO 


PO 


PO 


PO 
PO 


PO 


PO 


PO 


PO 



P o 



P o 
P o 
PO 



ft <D >. W 

§, 11 Routes. ^ 

I is J 

© -sect ^ 

33 LI RR; St fr Glen 

Cove 2 

T 16 L I RR 

56 Near Setauket 

40 St fr Northport... 4 

T 10 LIRR 

T 5 Street cars from L. 

ICity 1 

90 St fr Cutchogue .. 2 

61 2 

7 Street cars fr. L. I. 2 

72 Boats fr Eastport. 

40 By St tr Northport 4 

62 By St fr Port Jef . . 2 
44 St fr Huntington . 6 

T 104 LIRR;StfrBridge 
Hampton 6 

16 LIRR 

4ij LI RR; St fr IsUp 2 

82 St fr Glen Cove.... 3 

12 L I RR ; St fr Ja- 
maica 1 

98 L I RR; St from 
Greenport 3 

25 L I RR; St fr West- 
bury 3 

70 L I RR; St fr Mo- 
ricliGs ■ 9 

T 5 Elevated* &" Street 
cars in Brooklyn 

40 LIRR;StfrGreen 

Lawn 4 

T 43 L I RR 

32 LIRR; StfrSyos- 

57 LI RR ;' St f r Pat- 
chogue 2 

T 72 LIRR 

80 LI RR; St from 

Quogue 2 

Sum 

Off 21 LIRR 

56 L I RR; St from 

Setauket i 

4 Street cars in 

Brooklyn 1 

T 21 LIRR 

47 L I RR;Stfr North- 
port 5 

59 LI RR; St fr Port 

Jefferson 2 

56 L I RR ; 2 

T 40 LI RR 1 

55 StfrBayport. . . 2 
102 StfrBridgehamp- 

ton 5 

T 18 L I RR;Stfr Floral 

Park lu 

40 LIRR;StfrGreen 

Lawn 2]^ 

7 Street cars from 
Brooklyn 



Fares to Near- 
est RR Station 
or Steamboat 
Landings. 

Single. Excur- 
sions. 



55 
85 



27 
05 



1 00 
65 



50 
10 

10 



2 80 


5 05 


1 30 


2 36 


30 


50 


2 80 


5 05 


65 


1 15 


2 00 


3 60 


5 


10 


1 10 


2 00 


85 


1 55 


1 60 
210 


2 90 

3 80 


2 30 


4 15 


55 


1 00 


1 65 


3 00 


5 
55 


10 
1 00 


1 20 


2 15 


1 70 


3 05 



45 

1 10 

6 



80 

2 00 

10 



GAZETTEER OP LONG ISLAND. 



243 



§ <x> 

§ ft I 

Name. S e; o 

g g ^ 

0)0 

►3 Q (I4 

Execution Rocks S Bar 

Fair Ground In Ham P O 

Fair View In Ham 

False Point BIS Cape 

Farmingdale In Vil PO 

Farmingville In Ham 

Farrington Point L P B Pen 

FarRockaway O Vil PO 

Fenhm-st (Hewletts) ... In Vil 
Fire Island (Quarantine 

Station) O Is PO 

Fire Place GB Loc 

Fisher's Island S Is PO 

Flanders GPB PV 

Flatbush In Town PO 

Flatlands In Town P O 

Flatlands Neck T B Pen 

Fleet Point GSB Pen 

Floral Park In Vil P O 

Flower Hill S Ham 

Floyd's Point East B Pen 

Flushing (Murray Hillj.In Vil P O 

Flushing F B Town P O 

Flushing Bay S Bay 

Ford's Comer In PR 

Forge River East B Creek 

Forge (Elastic) East B RR 

Fort Hamilton TheNar- Vil P O 

rows 

Fort Lafayette TheNar-Fort 

rows 

Fort Neck SOB Pen 

Fort Pond Bay ...BIS Bay 
Foster Meadows (Rose- 
dale) In RR 

Fowlerville S Ham 

Foxes Creek Sh Is Creek 

Franklin Square In Ham 

Franklinville GPB Ham 

Freeport In Vil PO 

Fresh Pond S Vil PO 

Fresh Pond In Loc 

Fre?h Pond S Ham 

Friar's Head Landing.. S Loc 

Garden City In Vil PO 

Gardiner^s Island.. . GarB Is 

Gardiner's Bay BIS Bay 



.0 

p. 


«3 




26 


T 


36 




43 




118 


T 


31 




55 




109 


T 


23 


T 


13 


T 


46 




117 


T 


117 




78 


T 


3 


T 


5 




6 




37 


T 


18 




25 




73 


T 


12 


T 


10 




10 


T 


6 




66 


T 


66 


T 


6 




6 




80 




115 


T 


14 


T 


12 




97 




17 




82 


T 


24 


T 


44 


T 


5 


T 


75 




77 


T 


20 




115 



115 



Routes. '^ 

Off Manhasset 

L I RR to Mineola. 1 
LIRR; StfrKings 

Park 2 

Near Montauk Pt. . 1 

LIRR 

L I RR 2 

LI RR; St fr Sag 

Harbor 7 

LIRR 

LIRR 

L I RR; boat fr 
Babylon 9 

L I RR; St fr Sag 
Harbor 15 

Ferry f r Qreenport 
or Sag- Harbor. . . 7 

L I RR; St fr River- 
head 3 

Street cars from 
Brooklyn 

L I RR and street 

cars fr Brooklyn. . 

BR& WERR.... 

St fr Lindenhurst. 2 

L I RR 

LIRR; St fr Great 
Neck 2 

St fr Mastic 4 

St fr Great Neck ;L 
I RR 

LIKR 

New Flushing 

LIRR 

Near Mastic 1 

L I RR 

Street cars fr Bklyn 

Off Fort Hamilton. 1 

. Near Massapequa. 2 
Near Montauk Pt. . 

LIRR, SS Div.... 

L I RR; St fr 
Flushing 1 

By Shelter Is route 

St f r Floral Park. . . 2 

LIRR 

L I RR 

LIRR; St fr North- 
port 3 

L I RR; Street cars 
from Bklyn 

St fr Baiting Hollow 6 

St fr Riverhead 4 

L I RR 

L I RR to Sag Har 
bor or Greenport . 
Ferry 13 

West of Gardiner'sis 



Fares to Near- 
est RR Station 
or Steamboat 
Landings. 


Single. Exciu*- 
sions. 


65 


1 00 


1 30 


2 35 


90 


1 60 


2 95 
50 
50 


5 30 
1 00 
1 00 


1 10 


2 00 


2 95 


5 30 


2 20 


3 95 


05 


10 


05 


10 


45 


80 


40 


70 


25 
20 


40 
35 


1 90 
05 


3 40 

10 



45 80 

25 40 

7'5 1 25 

1 20 2 15 
05 10 

55 1 00 

2 95 5 30 



244 



CITIZEN GUIDE. 



g 

9 '-3 

Oft 

Name. S c 

5 a> 

George's Neck G SB Pen 

Genola In Ham 

Georgica Lake O Sum 

German Flats East B Loc 

Glen Cove In Vil 

Glendale Station In RR 

Glen Head In RR 

Glenwood S Ham 



Goffe's Is Point BIS Pen 

Good Ground (Bay 

Head) In Vil 

Goose Ureek JB RR 

Gowanus Har Loc 

Grassy Hollow Gar B Ham 

Grass Pond In La'ke 

Gravesend In Vil 

Gravesend'Bay O Bay 

Gravesend Beach . . . G B Sum 

Great Cove GSB 

Great Gull Island S Is 

Great Hog Neck L P B Pen 

Great Neck In Vil 

Great Island HB Is 

Great Pond ... .In Lake 

Great River In \ il 

Great South Beach... O Sum 

Great Pond ,.BIS Lake 

Great Peconic Bay E End 

of LI Bay 

Great South Bay O Bay 

Greenfield In Vil 

Green Lawn In RR 

Greenpoint Bklyn Loc 

Greenport Gar B Town 

Greenvale In Ham 

GreenvUle GSB Ham 

Greenwich Point In Ham 

Greenwood . .Bklyn Cem 

Gull Island ShinB Is 

Guntherville G B Vil 

Hagerman GSB Loc 

Half Hollows Hills.... In Ham 





.0 


^a 


a 


® >t 




1? 


4^ 


o 


-2 P 








o 


<v 


5« 


Ph 


H 






40 






43 


PO 




100 
69 


PO 


T 


29 


PO 


T 


6 


PO 


T 


27 




T 


28 



P o 
PO 



P o 



T 
T 
T 



PO T 



PO 



115 



12 
•6 

108 

69 
6 

6 

7 

45 

110 

93 



POT 18 



32 

78 

48 

46 

120 

80 

35 



Half Way Landing . . . S 
HaUock's Landing S 



Loc 
Ham 







5 


PO 


T 


39 


PO 


T 


3 


PO 


T 


96 




T 


28 
52 

24 

2 
83 

8 
56 

39 

72 
67 



Routes. '^ 

St fr Bablyon.. . 2 

L I RR 2 

St fr Bridgehamp- 

ton . 4 

By boat fr Mastic. . 4 
L I RR and by Str 

Idlewild 

LIRR 

LIRR 

LIRR 1 

St f r Glen Head or 

by Str Idlewild... 
Near CuUoden Pt.. 

L I RR 

LIRR 

Street cars in 

Brooklyn 

LIRR; StfrSag 

Harbor 

Stfr Manor 2 

N Y & S B RR 

Culver route... . 

Off Gravesend. . . . 

BB& WERR.... 

Near Islip 1 

Beyond Plum Is. ..14 
LIRR; St fr Pe- 
conic 3 

LIRR; and by Str 

Idlewild 

Reached fr Ridge- 
wood 

Stfr Riverhead 3 

L I RR 3 

Ferry fr Babylon. 8 
Near Monrauk Poiutll 

Reached fr James- 
poit or Riverhead 

Reached fr Babylon, 
<S:c 

MBRR 

L I RR 

Sireet cars in Bklyn 1 

LIRR; by the Mon- 
taukS B Co 

LIRR 

LIRR; St fr Oak 

dale 1 

L I RR; St fr 
Hempstead 2 

Street cars in Bklyn 

Reached fr Quogue 2 

BB&W ERR 

LIRR; St fr BeU- 
port 

LI RR via Deer 
Park .... : . . .2 

Reached fr Manor 9 

LIRR; St fr Port 
Jefferson ... 8 



Fares to Near- 
est RR Station 
or Steamboat 
Landings 

Single. Excur- 
sions. 



5*^ 
15 
55 
55 

35 



10 
15 



60 
05 



1 00 

25 

1 00 

1 00 

50 



2 45 4 40 
5 10 



20 
25 



2 60 4 70 
35 50 

80 1 45 



1 10 2 10 

5 10 

2 80 5 05 
1 25 2 50 



1 40 2 50 



1 10 
10 



1 70 3 15 



1 70 3 05 



GAZETTEER OF LONG ISLAND 



245 



XT ^ P< § S^ S3 

""""• I 1 ills 

O Oi o m •«rQ 

►:i o p4 H ft" 

Hammers J B Sum T 15 

Hampton Point (The).. In Sum 94 

Harbor HUl.... S Hill 22 

Hauppauge In Vil PO 47 

Hay Ground In Ham 97 

Heather Woods BIS Woods 110 

Hempstead In Town P O T 22 

Hempstead Bay O Bay 25 

Herrick's In Ham 19 

Herod's Point S Loc 74 

Hewlett's .. In Ham PO 19 

Hewlett's Point S Pen 22 

Hicksville In Vil PO T 27 

Hick's Beach O Sum 23 

Hick's Island BIS Is 110 

HUlside S Loc PO 9 

Hill's Pond GPB Lake 87 

Hinsdale In Vil P O T. 16 

Hoe Neck LPB Pen 105 

Hoibrook In Ham PO T 52 

Holland's O Sum 15 

HoUis In RR P O T 13 

Holliswood Park In Vil T 13 

Holtsville In Ham PO 53 

Hook Pond O Lake 104 

Hopedale In Loc 10 

Horton's Point S Pt 92 

Howell's Point GSB Pen 61 

Hulse's Landing S Loc 75 

Hunter's Point L I Cy Loc POT 4 

Huntmgton In Vil P O T 38 

Hyde Park In RR T 18 

Indian Fields BIS Loc 120 

Indian Head In Ham 46 

Indian Settlement Shin B Vil 90 

Inglewood In Ham 14 

Inwood In Vil PO T 22 

Isle of Wight O Pen 22 

Islip GSB FVil PO T 44 

Islip Bay GSB Bay 44 

Jack's Island O Is 44 



Fares to Near- 
OS est RR Station 
P5 or Steamboat 

Routes. 5 Landings, 

to 

•2 Single. Excur- 

^ sions. 

LIRR . . 30 50 

St fr Southampton 2 

LIRR; Stfr Ros- 
lyn 3 55 1 00 

St fr Smithtown or 

Central Islip 2% 1 40 2 50 

St fr Southampton 3 
Near Napeague 
Bay 

L I RR; Main Line 60 1 10 

Reached fr Bar- 
nums Is. 

LIRR; St fr Hyde 
Park .1 50 90 

LI RR;St fi- Manor 7 1 95 3 50 

L IRR 

Reached fr Great 
Neck 4 

LIRR 75 135 

Stfr Cedarhurst.. 2 
Near Napeague Har 

LIRR; Stfr Flush- 
ing 25 40 

LI RR to Shin- 
necock Hills ... 2 55 4 60 

LIRR; MamLme 45 eo 

Stfr Sag Harbor.. 3 2 95 5 30 

LI RR 2 

N \ & R B RR. ... 30 50 

L I RR 35 60 

LIRR , 35 60 

L IRR; Stfr Wav- 
erly 1 55 2 80 

In Easthampton 
Vil 

L IRR; Stfr Rich- 
mond Hill 2 24 40 

LI RR;StfrSout- 
hold 1 2 70 4 85 

Reached fr Bell- 
port 2 

L I RR; St fr Bait- 
ing Hollow .... 7 2 05 3 70 

Street cars frBkln. 5 10 

LIRR 1 05 1 90 

And by Str Hunt- 
ington from ft of 
Pike St NY 50 

LI RR 50 90 

Near Montauk 
Pomt 

L I RR 1 

St fr Shinnecock. . . 3 

L I RR 1 

LIRR; St £r Law- 
rence 50 1 00 

Stfr Cedarhurst.. 1 

LIRR 130 2 35 

Reached fr Club 
House 3 

Reached fr Baby- 
lon , 



246 



CITIZEN GUIDE. 



Name. 



I 

O 

o 



Jacob's Point S 

Jamaica In 

Jamaica Bay O 

Jamesport G P B 

Jenning's Point So B 

Jericlio In 

Jericho Landing S 

Jerusalem In 

Jessup's Neck L P B 

Jobsbm-g In 

Jones Beach O 



g 

I 

Pen 

Town 
Bay 

Vil 

Pen 
Ham 

Ham 

Loc 

Pen 

Ham 
Is 



Ketcabonock . . East B Ham 

Kensington In Vil 

King's Highway In Loc 

King's Park In Vil 

Kingstown Gar B Ham 

Kowenhoven In Vil 

Lake Agawam O Lake 

Lake Grove In Vil 

Lake Ronkonkoma In Lake 

LakeviUe In Ham 

Lakewood Park In Sum 

Lattingtown In Ham 

Laurel Hill In VU 

Laurelton S Ham 

Lawrence Point HeUGt Pen 

Lawrence JB RR 

Leflfert's Park In Ham 

Linden HiU In Loc 

Lindenhurst GSB RR 

Little Bay S Bay 

Little Gull Island S Is 

Little Hog Neck Pen 

Little Neck Bay S Bay 

Little Neck S Vil 

Little Neck .....S Pen 

Little Peconic Bay E End 

LI Bay 

Lloyd's Neck, )S Pea 

Lloyd's Beach 

Lloyd's Harbor, ... 









PO T 

PO T 
PO 



T 
PO T 



PO 
PO T 

PO T 



PO T 
T 



PO T 



PO T 



81 



Routes. 



11 
5 

80 

28 

74 

30 

105 

69 
42 

79 

4 

5 

45 

107 

7 

92 

51 

51 
19 

80 

27 



38 

5 

22 
5 

4 

35 

16 

111 

91 
17 
17 
41 

83 
39 



Fares to Near- 
est RR Station 
or Steamboat 
Landings. 

Single. Excur- 
sions. 



Reached fr Aque- 
bogue 6 

LI RR 

B&R Beach RR to 
Canarsie 

LI RR 2}4 

North Shelter Is... 

L I RR; St fr Hicks- 
ville 2 

LIRR; St fr Bait- 
ing Hollow 5 

LIRR; StfrWan- 
tagh 1 

Reached f r Sag 
Harbor 3 

L I RR 2 

L I RR to Babylon, 
thence by boat. .12 

St fr Westhampton 8 

Culver Route 

Culver Route 

LIRR . . 

LIRR; St fr Sag 
Harbor 9 

Manhattan Beach 
RR 

I n Southampton 
Village 

LI RR St fr Ron- 
konkoma 8 

St fr Ronkonkoma 1 

L I RR; St fr Lit- 
tle Neck 3 

L I RR 1 

LI RR; St fr Lo- 
cust Valley 2 

By street cars fr 
Brooklyn 

L I RR;Stfr Oyster 
Bay 3 

Reached fr As- 
toria 

LIRR 

B B & W E RR, or 
Culver Route 

L I RR 1 

L I RR 

Near Whitestone.. 1 

Beyond Plimi Is- 
land 15 

3 

Near Little Neck. . 

LI RR 

L I RR;Stfr North- 
port 3 

Reached fr South- 
old 

LIRR 6 

St f r Huntington,or 
by Str Portches- 
terfrN YCity.. 



30 



75 



80 



6 
18 
30 



85 



60 
05 
75 



50 
07 



35 
35 



50 



2 35 4 26 



1 35 



2 05 3 70 



1 45 



1 10 2 00 



10 
2i 
35 



2 95 5 30 



1 45 8 60 
1 45 2 60 



65 



1 10 

10 

1 25 



1 OO 
12 



1 00 1 80 



65 
65 



1 20 2 15 

1 05 2 90 
40 75 



GAZETTEER OF LONG ISLAND. 



247 



Name. :5 

o 
o 

Locust Avenue In 

Locust Grove In 

Locust Grove In 

Locust Valley In 

Long Beach O 

Long Beach and Bay. .S 

Long Island City E R 

Long Pond In 

Long Swamp In 

Luce's Landing S 

Ludlow's Landing G S B 

Lower Aquebogue In 

Lynn's Pond In 

Manantic Neck Sh Is 

Manhansett House. . . . Sh Is 

Manhasset S 

ManhassetBay S 

Manhattan Beach... .0 
Mannetto Hill In 

Manorville... In 

Manor.... In 

Maple Grove In 

Mapleton In 

Massapequa GSB 

Mashomack Point Gar B 

Maspeth In 

Mastic (Forge) East B 

Matinnecock S 

Mattituck G P B 

Mattituck Bay S 

Mattituck Lake G P B 

Mecox Mecox 

B 

Medford In 

Melville In 

Merrick GSB 

Metropolitan In 

Middle Island In 

Middle Village In 

Middleville S 

Millburn (Baldwins). ...H B 
Miller's Place S 



§ 
% 

1 


1 

O 

1 




® >, 

On 

« o 
ft" 


Loc 
Ham 






13 
32 


Loc 
RR 
Bum 


PO 
PO 


T 

T 


6 
31 
27 


Pen 






101 


City 


PO 


T 


8 


Loc 






71 


Ham 

Loc 

Dock 

Vil 

Lake 

Pen 






40 
83 
49 
80 
68 
101 


Sum 


PO 


T 


97 


Vil 
Bay 
Sum 
Ham 


PO 


T 


20 

20 

5 

29 


Vil 


PO 




67 


VU 
RR 
Vil 
Vil 


PO 


T 

T 
T 


67 
10 

5 

30 
104 


Vil 


PO 


T 


5 


Pen 
Ham 




T 


69 
33 


RR 
Bay 


PO 


T 


.84 
84 


Lake 






85 


Ham 

RR 

Vil 


PO 
PO 


T 
T 


99 
55 
34 


RR 
Vil 

Vil 


PO 
PO 
PO 


T 
T 


26 
4 
65 


Vil 


PO 


T 


5 


Ham 
Ham 
Ham 


PO 
PO 


T 


46 
24 
64 



Oc5 
Routes. ^ 

<D 

^^ 

L IRR 

L I RR; St frSy OS- 
set U 

L I RR 1 

LIRR 

LIRR; St fr Pear- 
sail's 4. .. 

LI RR; St from 
Greenport 

Street cars from 
Brooklyn 

L I RR; St from 
Manor 4 

L I RR 3 

St f r Jamesport. . . 3 

StfrSayvUle 1 

St fr Aquebogue.. 1 

Reached fr Manor. 1 

L I RR; boat fr 
Greenport . . 5 

Boat fr Greenport 
or Sag Harbor. . . 1 

LIRR.... 1 

Stfr Great Neck.. 

Manhattan BRR.. 

LIRR;StfrHicks- 
ville 3 

L I RR; St fr Man- 
or U 

L I RR 

LIRR 

NY& S BRR 

LI RR 141 

L I RR; St fr Sag 
Harbor 6 

LIRR; St frFresh 
Pond and street 
cars fr L I City.. 1J4 

LI RR 

L IRR; St fr Lo- 
cust Valley 1\^ 

LIRR 

Reached fr Matti- 
tuck 

Reached fr Matti- 
tuck 

Stfr Water Mills... 

LIRR 

L IRR; Stfr Farm- 
ingdale 3 

LI RR..% 

Street cars f r Bklyn 1 

L I RR; St fr Yap- 
hank . . 5 

LIRR; Stfr Glen- 
dale 1 

St fr Kings Park 1 

LI RR 1 

LIRR; St fr Port 
Jefferson 3 



Fares to Near- 
est RR Station 
or Steamboat 
Landings. 

Single. Excur- 
sions. 



35 



60 
70 



05 



95 
40 



2 75 
1 60 

90 
75 



65 
1 55 
1 10 

1 25 



2 80 5 05 



10 



1 95 3 50 



2 95 5 30 



30 
70 



75 1 35 



95 
95 
25 
10 
85 


3 50 

8 50 

40 

20 

1 55 


95 


5 30 


05 
90 


10 
340 


60 
45 


1 10 
4 40 



4 95 

2 90 

1 60 
1 35 



1 76 3 15 

15 25 

1 30 2 35 

65 1 15 

1 70 3 05 



248 



CITIZEN GUIDE. 



Name. 'S 'c 

e8 O 

§00 
a> 

Miller's Landing S Har 

Mill Neck OB Pen 

Mill's Landing.. : GSB Har 

Mill's Pond . .In Ham 

Mineola In HR 

Mittyville In Ham 

Montauk Point O Pen 

Money Pond O Loc 

Moriches GSB Vil 

Morris Park In Vil 

Moses Point. S Pen 

Moscow In Ham 

Mount Misery S Pen 

Mount Pleasant In Ham 

Mount Sinai , S Vil 

Napeague S Loc 

Napeague Harbor S Ham 

Nassakeag In Ham 

Nassau Point LPB Pen 

Neptime House O Sum 

New Bridge Ham 

New Castl3 In Ham 

New Hyde Parlr In Vil 

New Lots J B Loc 

NewSuifolk LPB Vil 

Newtown In Vil 

New Utrecht GB Town 

New Village , — In Ham 

NicolPs Point GSB Pen 

Nissaquag S Ham 

North Babylon In Ham 

North Beach S Loc 

North Bellport GSB Vil 

North Haven Hog 

Neck Ham 

North Moriches GSB ' Loc 

North Neck BIS Pen 

Northport S Vil 

North Sea G P B Ham 

Northside LPB Ham 

North ville (Success). . . . S Vil 

Northwest Harbor .... Gar B Ham 



p. 



H fi 



PO T 
T 



PO 
PO 



PO T 



PO 
PO 

PO 

PO 



TJ 



PO T 



PO T 






33 

64 

52 

20 

60 

122 

121 

67 
10 
37 
52 
62 

52 

G2 

117 

117 
56 
91 

23 

27 

24 

18 

6 

90 

7 



6 

53 

48 
51 
40 

8 

58 

103 

65 
118 

43 
95 



99 



105 



Routes. 



St fr Port Jefferson 
LIRR;St fr Bay- 

ville 2 

Reached fr Bay- 
port 1 

L I RR 1 

LIRR 

L I RR U 

LI RR;Stfr Sag 

Harbor 12 

St fr Sag Harbor.. .22 

LIRR 1 

LIRR 

On Centre Island., 

LI RR 1}4 

LIRR; St frPort 

Jefferson 3 

St frRonkonkoma 3 
StfrPt Jefferson. 1 
L IRR; Stfr Port 

Jefferson 15 

St fr Port Jefferson 

LIRR 1 

L I RR; St fr Pe- 

conic 4 

LIRR; Stfr Rock- 
away Beach 

Stfr Garden City.. 1 
StfrWestbury.... I 
Stfr Hyde Park... 
Elevated RR in 

Brooklyn 

LIRR; St fr Mat- 

tituck 3 

L I RR, Electric }4 
cars fr Hunter's 
Point or street 
cars fr Brooklyn 
B B & W E RR; N 
Y&SBRR&c. 
LIRR; St frRon- 
konkoma 5 

Reached f r IsUp ... 3 
St frSmithtown.. 3 
LIRR; Stfr Baby- 
Ion 2 

L IRR ;Stfr Wood- 
side 2 

LI RR 

LIRR; St fr Sag 
Harbor 1 

LIRR 2 

Reached fr Sag 
Harbor 16 

LIRR 

L IRR ;Stfr South- 
ampton 3 

St fr WatermilJs.. 4 

L I RR; St fr 
Jamesport 4 

By St f r Sag Harbor 3 



Fares to Near- 
est RR Station 
or Steamboat 
Landings. 

Single. Excur- 
sions. 



65 



65 



00 
24 



70 
45 
70 



05 



1 45 

1 40 

1 10 

10 
1 75 



2 95 



2 00 



1 15 



1 00 



2 95 5 30 



CO 
40 



1 70 3 05 



2 60 4 70 



65 
65 
50 


1 00 

1 15 

90 


05 


10 


45 
15 


4 40 
25 



10 



2 60 
2 50 

2 00 

15 

3 15 



1 20 2 15 



2 65 

2 74 


4 80 
4 90 


2 35 
2 95 


4 25 
6 30 



GAZETTEER OF LONG ISLAND. 



249 



.2 O -^ 

XT .2 P< ^ P 

Name. r s, O fe^ 

g W M ^ 

O 0) O <D 

1^ « di E-i 

Norwood .In Ham 

Noyack LPB Ham 

NoyackBay LPB Bay 

Oakdale In RR POT 

Oak Islands GSB 

Oak Neck Point S Pen 

Oakville 'In Ham 

Ocean Point , O Loc 

Oceanus O Vil PO 

Oceanville In Vil 

Okenock GSB Ham 

Old Aquebogue In Ham 

Old Field S Ham 

Old County Road In Road 

OldWestbviry In Vil PO T 

Old Town Road In Road 

Olympic GSB Club PO 

Oneck . . . O Ham 

Oregon In Ham 

Orient GarB Vil PO T 

Orient Poin^ S Ham PO T 

Owl's Head Nar- 
rows Pen 
Oyster Bay S Vil PO T 

Oyster Bay Cove S Ham 

Otis Point (Howell's) ..GSB Pe n 

Ozone Park In RR PO T 

Parlcville In Vil PO T 

Patchogue GSB RR PO T 

Pattersquash Is East B Is 

Peacock Point O Pen 

Pearsalls In RR POT 

Peconic LPB Vil PO T 

Peconic Bay, Great E End 

LI Bay 

Peconic Bay, Little ...LPB Sum 

Peconic Park Pen 

Pelly's Bight S Bay 

Penny Bridge In RR 

Peter Neck Point Gar B Pen 

Pine Island S Pen 






Routes. 



Fares to Near- 
est RR Station 
or Steamboat 
Landings. 

Single. Excur- 
sions. 



58 

102 

99 

49 
4-2 

36 

80 

21 
23 
20 

40 
79 
59 

38 

25 
56 

43 

75 

86 

101 



104 

4 
36 



36 

61 

9 
5 

55 
73 
34 



19 
89 

89 

90 

91 

110 

4 

110 
35 



LIRR;StfrPeai- 

sall's 2 

By St fr Sag Har- 
bor 4 

Reached f r Sag 

Harbor 2 

LIRR 

Reached fr Baby- 
lon 4 

Reached fr Bay- 

ville 3 

L I RR; St fr 

Quogue 1 

St fr Cedarhurst. . 

LI RR 

By St fr Rockville 

Centre — . 1 

By Stfr Babylon.. 2 
St fr Aquebogue.. 1 

Stfr Seta uket 3 

Fr Deer Park to 

Hauppauge 

L I KR; St fr Al- 

bertson 2 

FrSetauket to Bell- 
port 

Stfrlslip 

St fr Westhampton 2 

LI RR 2 

LI RR 6 

St fr Greenport, or 
by The Montauk 

SB Co 

LI RR 9 

Near Bay Ridge 1 

LIRR 

And by Str Port- 

chester f r N Y city 
By Str Portchester 
fr NY city 2 

Reachetl fr Bell- 
port 2 

N Y&BBRR.... 

Culver Houte 1 

L I RR 

Reached fr Mastic 4 

Reached f r Locust 
Valley 8 

LIRR 

LIRR 

Reached fr River- 
head 3 

Reached fr Peconic 1 
Stfr Peconic . 3 
North Southold Is 
L I RR, and street 
cars f r L I City. . . 
On Southold Is. 
L I RR ; St from 
Bay ville. 4 



55 
2 95 



2 80 
50 



1 10 

1 65 



55 



1 80 

2 20 



1 25 

2 80 



75 
40 
40 



06 
1 60 



55 
2 60 



1 00 
5 30 



1 40 2 50 



4 15 
1 00 



2 00 

3 00 

1 00 



2 85 

3 95 



2 80 5 05 



5 05 

1 25 
75 
75 



10 
2 90 



1 00 
4 70 



05 10 

65 1 15 



250 



CITIZEN GUIDE. 



a 

o 
o " 

Name. S -^ 

o w 

O <D 

Pipes' Cove So B Har 

Plainedge In Ham 

Plainfield In Loc 

Plainview Ham 

Plattsdale In Ham 

Plum Island S Is 

Plimi Point S Pen 

Poosepattuck In Ham 

Ponquogue Shin B Ham 

Port Jefferson S Vil 

Port Washington In Vil 

Powder Hill. In HiU 

Potimk East B Ham 

Powell's Cove S Bay- 
Promised Land Gar B Ham 

Prospect Grove Sh I Sum 

Prospect Point S Pen 

Quantuck Bay O Bay- 
Queens In Vil 

Quiogue — In Ham 

Quogue Shin B Vil 

Race Point S Pen 

Ram's Head Sh Is Pen 

Ram Island Gar B Is 

Randall Park In Ham 

Raunt ^The)....; JB RR 

Ravenswood E R Loc 

Red Cedar Pomt G P B Pen 

Red Creek In Ham 

Red Hook Bkljn Loc 

Remsen's Landing G S B Har 

Ridgeville In Ham 

Richmond Hill In RR 

Ridgewood (Wantagh ) In Vil 

Ridge Island G S B Is 

Rikers Island S Is 

Riverhead .GPB RR 

Roanoke S Ham 

Robins Island GPB Is 

Roekaway In Vil 

Rockaway Beach O Sum 



r. 


^ 


56 


^ 


o 


!rr 




0.) 






o 


<s 


Ph 


H 



PO 
PO 



PO 

PO 
PO 



Routes. 



T 



II ^' 

96 Reached fr Green- 

port 1 

32 St fr Central Park; 8 

57 LIRR 

P O 30 St fr Central Park. 3 

20 LIRR;StfrFloral 

Park 2 

106 Reached fr Green- 

port 8 

30 Reached fr Roslvn 6 
67 LI RR : . . 1 

87 LIRR;StfrBay 
Head . . 2 

60 LIRK .... 1 

22 LIRR;StfrGreat 
Neck, or by Str 
Idlewiid f r N Y 
City 5 

107 L I RR; St f r Sag 
Harbor 5 

79 LIRR; St fr West 
Hampton 3 

15 Near CoUege Pt . . 1 
116 St f r Bridgehampt'n 15 

97 1 

31 Reached f r Roslyn 7 

80 L I RR; St from 
Quogue 3 

15 LI RR 

79 L I RR 3 

81 L I RR 214 

120 W End Fishers Is . 22 

102 LIRR; boat from 

Greenport 7 

102 Reached fr Kings- 
town 2 

25 L I RR 1 

13 NY&RBRR.... 
6 Street cars f r L I 

City ... 2 

82 Reached from 
Aguebogue 4 

88 LIRR S 

2 Street cars in Bklyn 1 

10 Reached fr South 
Woodhaven 1 

65 LI RR 5 

9 LI RR 

25 LI RR 

62 Reached fr Bell- 
port . . 3 

10 Reached fr College 
Pt 3 

75 LIRR 

79 St fr Baiting Hol- 
low 4 

91 Reached fr Cut- 
chogue 4 

23 LIRR;StfrRock- 2 

15 away NY&RBRR 
or by steam boat 
frNew York 



Fares to Near- 
tf est RR Station 
^ or Steamboat 



Landings. 



T 
T 



ingle. Excur- 




sions. 


85 


1 55 


85 


1 55 


45 


80 


2 80 


5 05 


2 45 


4 40 


1 70 


3 05 


40 


70 


2 95 


5 30 


2 20 


3 95 


2 80 


5 05 


2 30 


4 15 


40 


70 


2 30 


4 15 


2 80 


5 05 



T 
PO T 



PO 



PO 
PO 



PO T 



05 10 



05 10 



25 40 



2 20 


8 95 


2 05 


8 70 


2 55 
55 


4 60 
1 00 



PAPER— COPPERSMITH— BUILDER— MEETING ROOMS. 

CHARLES F. HUBBS & COMPANY, 

419 & 421 Broome St. & 36 Beekman St., 

NEW YORK. 

Manilla, Wrapping, Colored, Tissue, Book and Newspapers 

FLAT AND RULED GOODS, STRAWBOARDS, TWINE, &c. 

P. 0. Box 1034. 
MILLS, MILTON, N. H. TELEPHONE CONNECTION 



•C(ipiiiig,Plitiiig,liasliSI(!aiifitog 

161 & 163 DIKEMAN STREET, Bet. Conover& Perm Sts., 

SOUTH BROOKLYN. 



TELEPHONE 953. 



JOHN LEE^S SONS, 

No. 216 State Street, 

TELEPHONE, 1385 BROOKLYN. 3Bm002XlXj"!ir3>J". 

SEYENTH AYENUE and NIJSTTH ST., BEOOKLYN, K Y. 

CHAS. NICKENIG, Proprietor. 

HALL AND MEETING ROOMS 

—FOR— 

BALLS, SOCIABLES, WEBBINGS ANB LOBGE MEETINGS. 



Elegant Billiard Parlor and Bowling Alleys. 
CAFE AND WINE ROOM. 

Connected with First-Class Oyster and Chop House. Telephone Call, 237 South. 




^ 



^Q^^U^ 



K 



^ 



ST^EETc^IRiCreRY/AAP. 



/■ 



SHOWING STRffTS FtRRlCS DOCKS. 
RAIIWATS. PARKS CEMETERIES 
And other points 

or (NTEREiTi 

rOR KEY 3EE PaGC 275 

-EROOflLYN Elevated r r 

KING,5 COUNTY ELCVATCD RR 

3U?FACE 5TEMM Fi Riv- 



AUCTIONEER— WIRE CLOTH— REAL ESTATE. 




D. L HA.RDENBRO0K, 

Real Estate, Auctioneer, 

BROKER AND DEVELOPER. 

Manager of Several Large 
Suburban Properties: Jama- 
ica, Prospect Park Slope and 
Hackensack Heights, N. J, 

offices: 
19 Fulton Street, Jamaica, N. Y. 
110 Seventh Avenue, | TiT.,^/^HTrr, 

189-191 Montague Street, f^rooKiyn. 
Real Estate Exchange, Room 144 Pulitzer 

(World) Building, New York City. 

Expert advice given on developing pub- 

burban properties. 



KINGS COUNTY WIRE WORKS. 



PHILIP SCHMITT, 



MANUFACTURER OF 



BRASS, COPPER and GALVANIZED WIRE CLOTH, 

store and Office Railings, Garden and Cemetery Work. All kinds of 

Sieves and Sand Screens. Wire Guards for Church, 

Factory, School and Cellar Windows. Plain 

and Landscape Window Screens. 

156 Graham Avenue, bet. Montrose and Johnson Aves. 
CHAUNCEY CHICHESTER, 

REAL ESTATE AND INSURANCE AGENT, 

CENTRE MORICHES, N. Y. 

Boarding Houses, Dwellln^gs, Farms and Lots for Sale. 

furnished houses to rent. 

water fronts a specialty. 

EAST, WEST, AND CENTRE MORICHES and EASTPORT PROPERTY FOR SALE. 

"Riverside House/' 

CENTRE MORICHES, Sufolk County, Long Island, N, Y. 

This house is beautifully sitimted on the shore of the Great South Bay, surrounded by a 
well-shaded lawn, sloping to the water's edge. Quarter of a mile of water frontage. Twenty 
acres of ground. Vegetables from Owner's Farin. One mile from depot, village and 
post office. Facihties for Bathing, Boating, etc. Bath houses on premises. Surf and still- 
water bathing. SaU and Row Boats. Good Roads, Pleasant Drives. Wide verandas 
and large aii-y rooms, most of which command a fine view of the ocean and bay. Cool 
south-west winds directly from the ocean through the Summer. Accommodates sixty. 
Private Cottages. Large Bara attached. 

FOR SALE, J. S, BALDWIN, Proprietor. 



GAZETTEER OF LONG ISLAND. 



251 



« -2 S -5 

o a S & 

Kame. 'C -q O B, 

2 w to ^ 

1^ Q Ph H 

Eockaway Park O Sum 

Rock ville Centre In V il T 

Rocky Point S Pen 

Rocky Point Landing • • S Har 

Rocky Point (.Village). . In Ham 

Ronkonkonia In RR P O T 

Rosed ale (.Foster's Mea- 
dows) In RR 

Rose's Grove LPB Suni 

Roslyn H Har Vil PO T 

Ruffle Bar ..O Is 

RusseU's Neck SIS Pen 

Sachem's Neck Shi Pen 

Sagaponack (Sagg) . . O Ham P O 

Sag Harbor S I B Vil PO T 



Sag Pond O Lake 

St George's Manor . . . . G S B Loc 

St James S Vil PO T 

St Johnland In Ham T 

Sammy's Beach..? GarB Sum 

Sand's Point . S Pen 

Sayville GSB Sum PO T 

Sayville Landing . ..GSB Landing 

Scuttle Hole lu Ham 

Sea Cliff HB Vil PO T 



Seafield O Sum 

Seaford GSB Vil PO 

Seaside Sum 

Searingtown In Ham T 

Seebonac Neck G P B Pen 

Selden In Ham PO 

Setauket S Vil PO T 

Sexton Is GSB Is 

Shagwong Point B L S Pen 

Sheepshead Bay O Vil POT 

Sheet Nine In Ham 

Shelter Island BIS Sum PO T 



© >> 

^2 

16 
20 
40 

67 
66 

50 

14 
103 

24 



Routes. 



11 

104 
101 
99 

102 



99 

66 
53 
45 

108 
24 
48 

97 

28 



31 

16 
22 

89 

57 

56 

47 

118 

7 

33 
99 



Shelter Island Heights.. Shis Sum PO T 97 



LI RR. 

LIRR, SShoreDiv 
Reached fr Oyster 

Bay 4 

St f r Port Jefferson 7 
St fr Port Jefferson 6 
LI RR 

LIRR 

St fr Bridgehamp- 

ton 6 

L I RR 

Or by Str Idlewild 

frNYCity 

L I RR . 4 

St fr Sag Harbor 2 
5 
LIRR;StfrBridge 

harapton 2 

LI RR 

Or by Montauk S B 

Co frN Y City.... 

Reached fr Bridge- 

hampton 3 

Stfr Mastic 4 

LIRR 

L I RR; St fr King's 

Park 1 

St fr Sag Harbor... 
Stfr Great Neck.. 6 

LI RR 

St fr Sayville., 1)4 
LIRR; Stfr Bridge 

Hampton 2 

LIR R 1 

Or by Str Idlewild 
fr ft Peck sUp 
andE 31st street 

NY 

L I RR 2 

LIRR; StfrMas- 

sapequa X^ 

NY&RBRR.... 1 
L I RR; St fr Al- 

bertson 1 

St fr Shmnecock 

Hills 2 

LIRR; StfrMed- 

ford 4 

LIRR 1 

Reached fr Bay- 
shore 5 

Near Montauk Pt..20 
Manhattan Beach 

RR 

L I RR 2 

L I RR S}4 

Boatfr Greenport; 
or by Montauk S 

BCo 

L I RR; Boat fr 
Greenport V/^ 



Fares to Near- 
est RR Station 
or Steamboat 
Landings. 

Single. Excur- 
sions. 



1 70 
1 45 


3 05 
2 60 


45 


80 


2 80 
55 


5 05 
1 00 


35 


50 


2 65 


5 80 


2 80 
2 95 


B 05 

5 30 



1 25 2 50 



1 90 
1 50 

1 30 

1 50 



2 30 
55 



35 

85 

55 



00 
1 65 



3 40 
2 70 

2 35 



2 70 



5 05 
1 00 



50 
.1 55 
1 00 



2 90 

3 00 



2 80 5 05 



1 25 

2 80 



2 50 
5 05 



S52 



CITIZEN GUIDE. 



Name. 



e3 
1^ 



P. 

o 

05 



Shelter Island Park. . .Sh Is Sum 

Shelter Jsland Sound.. E En 

L I Bay 

Shinnecock Hills Shin B Sum 

Shinnecock Neck Shin B Ham 

Simonson's Creek J B Creek 

Skoy'sPond In Lake 

Smith's Landing G S B Ham 

Smith's Point G S B Ham 

Smithport In Ham 

Smithtown In Vil 

Smithtown Branch In Vil 

Smithtown Harbor(Nis- 

saquag) S Ham 

SmithviUe South In Ham 

Southampton O Sum 

South Bensonhurst G B Vil 

South Greenfield In RR 

South Haven In Ham 

South Jerusalem SOB Ham 

South Northport In Ham 

Southold SoB RR 

SoutholdBay E End 

LI Bay 

South Oyster Bay E of G 

SB Bay 

S Oyster Bay Village. In Ham 

Southport GPB Ham 

South Setauket In Ham 

South Side Club G S B Club 

South Woodhaven — In Vil 

Speonk East B Vil 

Spring Field Store .... In Vil 

Spring HiU In Loc 

Springs (The) Gar B Vil 

Springville Shin B Ham 

Squtretown GPB Ham 

Squassucks In Ham 

Stein way ER Vil 

Stewartville la Ham 

Stony Brook S Vil 

Strong's Point G S B Pen 

Success (NorL^hviUe^ S Ham 

Suffolk Driving Park.. In Park 



POT 



PO 
PO 



PO 

PO 
PO 



PO 



PO T 



PO 
PO 



PO 



PO T 



PO T 



Fares to Near- 
«M jj tf est RR Station 
© >» Ph or Steamboat 
Sl Routes. ^ Landings. 
So Sg 
.^M rt Single. Excur- 
fi ^ sions. 
97 L I RR to Green- 
port 11^ 2 80 5 05 

ICO Bet Gar B and L 

P B 

87 LI RR 2 55 4 60 

94 L I RR; St fr Shin- 
necock HUls 3 2 55 4 60 

14 Near Rosedale 1 

108 Nr Grassy Hollow. 
72 L I RR; St from 

Mastic 3 1 90 3 40 

66 L I BR; St fi'om 

Mastic 4 1 90 3 40 

50 LI RR 1 

49 LIRR 1 1 40 2 50 

50 LIRR }4 140 2 50 

52 St fr Smithtown. . . 3 

28 LIRR; St f r Bell- 

more 1^ 75 1 40 

92 LIRR 2 65 4 80 

6 Electric cars and 

BB&WERR... 10 18 

6 B&BBRR 

64 LIRR; St fr Mas- 
tic 1 1 90 3 40 

29 StfrWantagh. ..1 80 145 
42 St fr Northport.... 1 120 2 15 
92 LI RR; or by Mon- 2 70 4 85 

tank SB Co 1 25 2 50 

90 Bet L P B & Green- 
port Har 

28 Reached fr Wan- 

tagh... 2 

34 St fr Amityville.. 1 95 1 70 

88 LI RR; St fr Bay 

Head 3 2 45 4 40 

56 St fr Setauket 1 i 65 3 00 

47 LI RR; St fr Ishp 1 1 30 2 35 

9 LIRR 1 

74 LIRR 1 2 15 3 85 

14 L I RR; St fr Hol- 

lis 35 60 

33 St fr Flushing 3 20 35 

108 St fr Easthamp- 

ton 12 

87 LI RR; St fr Bay 

Head 1 2 45 4 40 

87 L 1 RR;St frBay 

Head 1 2 45 4 40 

63 LI RR 1 

8 Street cars fr 

Brooklyn 3 05 10 

25 LI RR 2 

56 LI RR 1 1 60 2 90 

30 Near Amityville... 2 

78 St fr Jamesport... 4 2 35 4 25 

46 Reached fr Central 

Ishp 1 1 30 2 35 



GAZETTEER OF LONG ISLAND. 



253 






47 
C8 
34 
t6 
30 
92 



I ft s & 

Name. ^ 'C O fe 

S S ^ '2^ 

O (U O (C 

)-] A Ph H 

Sugar Loaf HIH ShinB Hill 

Sunken Meadow S Ham 

Swezey's i .anding S Loc 

Sweet's Hollow In Ham 

Sweze.y town S Ham 

Syosset In Vil POT 

Terry's Point S Pen 

Terryville In Ham PO 61 

The Cove Village In Vil 36 

Thomaston S Vil PO T 18 

Three Mile Harbor Gar B Bay 110 

Tiana Shin B Ham 87 

Tuckahoe In Ham 94 

Tuthill's Landing S Pier 69 

Union Course In Loc 7 

Udall'sRoad In Rd 40 

Uniondale In Ham 24 

Union Place EastB Ham 75 

Unionville GB Ham T 7 

Upper Aquebogue In Ham 80 

Valley Stream In Vil PO T IS 

VaUey Stream June... In RR P O 18 

Van Pelt Manor GB RR PO T 6 

Van Siclen Station Bklyn Loc 6 

Vernon VaUey In Ham 42 

Wading River S Vil PO 73 

Wainscott O Sum PO 101 

Wallabout Bldyn Loc PO 1 

Wamponissie In Loc 63 

Wantagh, (Ridgewood)GSB Vil PO T 28 

Washington Square . . . . lu Loc 20 

Water Hills Mecox 

Bay VU P O T 95 

Wave Crest O Vil T 24 

Waverly In RR T 53 

Wawhoo In Ham 73 

West Brighton Beach..O Sum 8 

Westbriy In RR P O T 23 

West Brooklyn In Loc POT 4 

Westhampton Ease B Vil PO T 77 

Westhampton Beach... O Vil PO 79 

West Flushing In Vil PO T 12 

WestHiUs Ham 35 

West Island S Is 34 

West Islip G S B Loc 39 



Routes. 



L I RR; at Shinne- 
cock Hills 

Stfr Northport.... 8 

St fr Port Jefferson 10 

L I RR 

Stfr Port Jefferson 7 

LIRR 

North of Orient 
Harbor 

LIRR; St frPort 
Jefferson..: 1% 

Near Oyster Bay 
Vil. 

LIRR; Stfr Great 
Neck 

Reached fr East- 
hampton 9 

Stfr Bay Head.... 2 

LIRR; Stfr South- 
ampton 3 

Stfr WoodvilleLd 

I. IRR 1 

Fr Edge wood to 
Babylon 

L I RR 2 

St fr Speonk ... 1 

BB& W E RR.... 

St fr Aquebogue . 2 

L IRR . 

LIRR 

Culver Route; B B 
& WE RR 

Street cars in 
Bro oklyn 

LIRR; Stfr North 
port 1 

L I RR; St fr Ma- 
nor 6 

LIRR; Stfr Bridge 
Hampton 3 

Street Cars in 
Brooklyn 

StfrYaphank 3 

LIRR 

LIRR; Stfr Hemp- 
stead 2 

LIRR 

LI RR 

LIRR 

L I RR 1 

B& BBRR 

LI RR 

BB& WERR.... 

LIRR 1 

L I RR, and St fr 

Westha mpton. . . 2 
LIRRN SDiv.... 
St f r Huntington. . 2 
Reached frDosoris 
LIRR; St fr Bay 

Shore 1 



Fares to Near- 
est RR Station 
or Steamboat 
Landings. 

Single. Excur- 
sions. 



2 55 
1 .30 
1 70 
1 70 



4 60 

2 15 
8 05 

3 05 

1 55 



1 70 8 05 



40 



2 45 4 40 



2 65 

1 70 

15 


4 80 

3 05 

25 


2 15 
10 

2 20 
50 
£0 


3 85 
18 

3 95 
90 
90 


10 


18 


05 


10 


1 20 


2 15 


1 95 


3 50 


2 80 


5 05 


05 

1 75 

80 


10 
3 15 
1 45 


60 


1 10 


2 74 

53 

1 55 


4 95 

1 05 

2 80 


15 

65 

03 

2 20 


25 
1 15 

06 
3 95 


2 20 

25 

1 05 


3 95 

40 

1 90 


1 20 


2 15 



254 



CITIZEN GUIDE. 



.2 S 

Kame. s | § 

S « 43 

X 00 M 

O 0) o 

iJ Q A 
WestNeck S pen 

Westville In Loc 

WestYaphank In Ham 

Wheatly In Ham 

Whitestone S Vil p O 

Wliitestone Landing . . .8 Pier 

Wick's Road In Rd 

Willet's Point S Pt PO 

Williamsbiu-gh Bklyn Loc P O 

Will lam sville In Ham 

Willow Pond In Ham 

WillowTree In Loc 

Winantsville In Ham 

Windsor Terrace Bklyn Loc PO 

Winfield In RR PO 

Woodbury In Vil PO 

Woodfield ,.In Ham 

Woodhaven In Vil PO 

Woodhull Park In RR 

Woodlawn In Vil PO 

Woodsburgh . ...JB Vil PO 

Woodside In Vil PO 

WoodvUle Landing S Ham 

Wyandance(West Deer 

Park) In RR PO 

Yaphank In Vil P O 

Young Port GSB Ham 

Zach's Inlet O Chan'l 



p. 


la 

a 2 

5« 




40 


T 


22 




57 




26 


T 


15 




16 




42 


T 


17 


T 


2 




?a 




50 




11 




8 




3 


T 


7 




as 




22 


T 


H 




12 


T 


5 


T 


21 


T 


7 




68 


T 


33 


T 


00 




48 



Routes. '*-* 

t» 
o 

s 

L I RR; St fr Hunt- 
ington . 4 

L I RR 1 

St fr Yaphank 4 

LIRR; St frRos- 
lyn 3 

LI RR 

LI RR 

Fr Bay Shore to 
Brentwood 

LIRR:StfrWhite 
stone 2 . 

Street cars in 
Bklyn 1 

St fr Central Park. 3 

LI RR 2 

Stfr HoUis 

Street cars fr LICity 1 

Street cars in 
Bklyn 

LI RR 

L IRR; St frSy- 
osset 2 

Stfr Hempstead.. 2 

LIRR 

L I RR 

Culver Route 

L I RR 

LI RR 

LIRR; St frPort 
Jefferson 10 

LIRR 

LIRR 

Reached f r Islip. . . 4 
Bet South and 
Jones Beaches. . . 



Fares to Near- 
est RR Station 
or Steamboat 
Landings. 

Single. Excur- 
sions. 



1 05 

1 75 

55 
30 
35 



30 

05 
80 

35 



05 
15 



50 
10 



1 05 
1 75 
1 30 



1 CO 

3 15 

1 00 
55 
60 



55 

10 
1 35 

60 



10 
20 



85 


1 55 


60 


1 10 


20 


30 


83 


55 



1 00 
15 



1 70 3 05 



1 90 
3 15 

2 35 



TRAVELLEf^S' GUIDE. 



Means of Reaching and Leaving Brooklyn. Its Surface and Elevated 
Railways— Hotels— Express Service— Piers and Docks— The Long 
Island Railroads — Steamboats, Stages and Ferries. 



In Brooklyn, although the streets are not laid out with the same regu- 
larity as in New York, the accessibility of every part of the city and its sur- 
roundings is unexcelled. The surface and elevated railway systems are 
wonderfully complete and are being constantly improved by the adoption 
of the modern methods of traction by cable and electricity. Every j^ear 
very extensive additions are made to the railway conveniences of the cit3^ 
The entire western end of Long Island is covered with a iiet work of steam, 
electric and horse railway lines, so that almost ever}^ point within ten miles 
of the city may be reached with the utmost economy of time and with the 
greatest personal comfort. 

On Long Island proper the great carrier both for passengers and freight 
is the Long Island Railroad, which visits by its mam lines or branches all 
the important centres of population and industry. Stages connect with the 
railway system and enable the tourist to arrive quickly at any point of inter- 
est not on the railway line. The regular Long Island steamboat service 
is, with the exception of the boats that run to Coney Island, Rockaway 
Beach and the vicinity, confined to points along the north shore and the 
eastern end of the island. The tables given in this chapter explain them- 
selves and will be found comprehensive as to the means of visiting all parts 
of Brooklyn and on the island. 

Official Courtesies. 

The employees of all the public services are required to be constantly 
courteous to patrons of every rank. Information or direction as to where 
it may be obtained is freely given. Assistance, when it does not interfere 
with the performance of regular duties, and is not designed to avoid legiti- 
mate expense, is to be expected. Bureaus of general information are to be 
found in all railroad depots, and clerks are in attendance whose sole duty it 
is to answer all proper questions from those in any kind of perplexity. In- 
civility should be promptly reported to the authorities, by whom all com- 
plaints are investigated. Aged or feeble persons are assisted to and from 
public carriages by the guards or conductors. Persons desiring direction or 
other information while in the thoroughfares of the city, should apply to a 
policeman and not to the chance passer-by, who may mischievously or from 
ignorance wrongly direct or inform the inquirer. Strangers, when in need 
of assistance, should invariably apply to public officials rather than to pri- 



256 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

vate individuals, for in Brooklyn as in every large city, the confidence man 
is ubiquitous and well disguised. No exception should be made to this rule 
after dark. 

Customs Regulations. 

Baggage Inspection.— The baggage of all persons, native or foreign, 
coming into the United States by sea or land from other countries, is sub- 
ject to inspection by the Customs House officials. At New York, only such 
as enter the city by steamship are required to submit to this generally un- 
welcome regulation. Where no attempt is made to escape the payment of 
duty the Customs officials will be found always courteous and liberal in the 
iLterpretation of the Customs laws. Passengers are furnished with blanks 
on which, previous to the inspection, they may describe the dutiable articles 
in their possession, thus avoiding much delay and possible annoyance. 
Parents and guardians are allowed in the case of families, to sign and swear 
to these statements when filled out. Trunks and packages so packed or so 
promiscuous or valuable in their contents as to render easy inspection 
impossible, are sent to the appraiser's stores, and there examined. Smug- 
gling is a costly game to play, as its discovery is published by absolute con- 
fiscation of the articles concealed. A reasonable amount of wearing apparel 
and of all other personal effects of a quality in keeping with the station of 
the presumed owner, which are being worn or show signs of wear, are ad- 
mitted free of duty. Duty is charged upon all new clothing, and jewelry 
or watches, new or old, not for personal use. Baggage is examined on be- 
ing discharged at the steamship docks. As the inspection is quite thorough, 
persons are advised to afford every facility to the officials, and scrupulously 
to avoid obstructing them in their compulsory task. Interference with 
them arouses suspicion, and suspicion is sure to occasion delay and possibly 
much unpleasantness. Vessels are usually boarded by the Customs officials 
just below the entrance to the Narrows in the New York Bay. The duty 
upon packages received by express from abroad is paid by the express 
company, and the charges collected from the recipient upon delivery. 

Facilities'for Transmitting Money. 

There are three systems in use in the United States by which money 
may be transmitted from one place to another in this country as well as to 
the most important foreign cities. The first and most popular method is 
by the Post Office Money Order system, the manner of using which is 
fully explained in the chapter on Means of Communication. A second 
equally safe and more convenient means of forwarding money is by ex- 
press money orders which may be obtained at all the offices of the leading 
express companies throughout the country. This system has advantages 
over the others in that the express companies, which are generally exceed- 
ingly wealthy corporations, are entirely responsible for all money received 
by them, while in the post office system reliability rests with the local agents. 

Express Money Orders may be purchased at any hour of the day in 
any of the local offices of the great continental express companies — the 
Adams, American, National, Wells-Fargo, United States or Southern. 
The offices of these companies are too numerous to enroll here, but they 
will be found conveniently located at various points in the city. No writ- 
ten applications are required. When the order is sent to Europe or other 
foreign territories the payee receives the full equivalent in the currency of 
the country where payable. Orders can be deposited for collection in any 



TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 257 

bank and cashed through the clearing houses in the same manner as 
checques, drafts, &c. The rates for United States and Canada are about 
as follows : For orders not exceeding $5, 5 cents; not exceeding $10, 8 
cents; not exceeding $20, 10 cents; not exceeding $30, 12 cents; not exceed- 
ing $40, 15 cents; not exceeding $50, 20 cents. Rates for orders payable in 
Europe: For orders not exceeding $10, 10 cents; not exceeding $20, 18 
cents; not exceeding $30, 25 cents; not exceeding $40, 35 cents; not exceed- 
ing $50, 46 cents. Orders for amounts exceeding $50 to domestic or for- 
eign places are issued at proportionate rates. The express companies also 
furnish travelers' checques which are more convenient and less costly 
than letters of credit or circular notes and available for payment in Europe, 
Asia, Africa, Australia, United States and Canada. The principal hotels 
receive them in payment of bills, and railroad and steamship companies in 
exchange for tickets, at the face value. They may also be cashed at almost 
all the leading bankers. The signature of the traveler is sufficient to 
secure identification. Cheques are issued for amounts varying from $10 to 
$100, in any quantity, and the fixed foreign equivalents are printed thereon. 
The rate for checques payable in the United States is about one-quarter of 
I per cent, of their face value, but the minimum charge is 40 cents; and for 
cheques payable in Europe one-half of one per cent., the minimum charge 
being 50 cents. 

The Telegraph Money Order System is the third mode of forwarding 
money. For the accommodation of travelers and others, in emergencies, 
and incidentally to facilitate their own business, the telegraph companies 
will make transfers of money, in small amounts, containing no fractions of 
a dollar, between a limited number of its offices. Such transfers will be 
made upon the following terms and conditions: To cover clerical and inci- 
dental services a charge is made of one per cent, on all sums of $25 or over, 
and for smaller amounts the charge is 25 cents in each case. As the usual 
telegraphic service necessary for each transfer exceeds two telegrams of 
fifteen words each a further charge is made for this service of a sum not ex- 
ceeding double the tolls on a single message of fifteen words between the 
transfer places. Payment of the sums transferred is made at the principal 
office of the telegraph companies at the point designated, upon satisfactory 
evidence of the personal identity of the payee being produced. The sending 
of a telegram requesting the transfer of money to its receiver is not suffi- 
cient evidence of his identity with the payee of such transfers. 

In case payment is not made to the payee within forty-eight hours 
after receipt of the transfer message by the manager of the paying office 
(exclusive of Sunday and holidays), the transfer will be cancelled and the 
amount thereof refunded to the sender upon application at the receiving 
office, but in such case the amount received for services and tolls will be 
retained by the telegraph companies. 

Brooklyn Hotels and Restaurants. 

The following list contains the name, location and minimum rate per 
day of the principal first-class hotels in Brooklyn. Many of these hotels 
are equal in their appointments and service to the best hostelries in the 
country. Suites of rooms furnished in perfect taste and with the highest 
degree of elegance are provided. Passenger elevators, electric anunciators, 
messenger, cab and police call boxes, post-office drop boxes, news stands, 
parcel check rooms, express offices, bureau of information, and city direc- 
tories are among the conveniences of these hotels. 



258 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Brooklyn hotels are conducted on either the European or American 
plan; the rate by the day includes the charge for both rooms and meals; on 
the European plan, the daily rate is for room only, and all meals must be 
paid for separately. Some of the hotels give their guests a choice of both 
plans. 

AMERICAN PLAN. 

Mansion House, 139 Hicks St., $3. 

Secor House, Clinton and Warren Sts., $1.25, 

The Wyndham, 89 Henry St., $1. 

EUROPEAN PLAN. 

Clarendon Hotel, Washington and Johnson Sts., $1. 
Hotel Boswyck, Bedford Ave. and South Fifth St., $1. 
Hotel Brunswick, Concord and Washington Sts., $1. 

AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLAN. 

A., American Plan; E., European Plan. 
Eagle Hotel, 254 Fulton St., A., $2; E., 50 cents. 
Hotel De Paris, 230 Duffield St., A., $3; E., $1.50, 
Hotel St. George, Clark, Pineapple and Hicks Sts., A., $2.50; E., $1. 
Long Branch Hotel, Fulton and Sands Sts., A., $2; E., $1. 
Pierrepont House, Montague and Hicks sts.. A., $3; E., $1. 
The Regent, Clinton Ave., near Greene Ave., for rates apply. 

Besides the cafes in the hotels above mentioned, the following are the 
leadmg restaurants in Brooklyn : 

Clarendon, Johnson and Washington Sts.; Gage's Chop House, ig8 
Montague St.; Silsbe & Son, 311 Fulton St.; Silsbe & Co., 460 Fulton St.; 
Blankley's, 518 Fulton St.; Sherlock's, 585 Fulton St.; Holder's, 282 Cler- 
mont Ave.; Gilman's, 369 Myrtle Ave.; Gage & Tollner, 374 Fulton St.; 
Slater's, 1252 Bedford Ave.; Gilman's Jefferson Hall Cafe, Court Square, 
and Duffy's Chop House, 112 Court St. 

Guide to Brooklyn in the Shopping Districts. 

The business center of the city, as the term is generally understood, is 
embraced in that portion of Fulton street extending from the City Hall to 
Flatbush avenue, with an extension up that thoroughfare for some distance. 
Its pivotal point was, until a few years ago, about the corner of Fulton and 
Tillary streets, while an earlier center still, or what at one time promised 
to be a dangerous rival to Fulton street, was the lower part of Atlantic 
avenue. The establishment of Messrs. Journeay & Burnham was the nucleus 
about which the supposedly futiire great business street of the city was to 
gather. Fulton street, with its traditions and ferry facilities, won the day, 
however, and it only became a question of which portion of the great artery 
of trade and traffic should be the business center par excellence. 

The removal of Messrs. Wechsler & Abraham from No. 297-9 Fulton 
street to the location the new firm of Abraham & Straus now occupy above 
Gallatin Place, in February, 1885, was the beginning of the exodus to upper 
Fulton street. Their removal enabled Messrs. S. Wechsler & Brother to 
enlarge their borders by absorbing the two adjoining stores, but it was only 
a question of a little time when the latter firm found it necessary to follow 
suit, and on May i, 1890, ground was broken for their new buiMing, which 
was opened just a year later. Messrs. Liebmann Brothers, who had a large 
real estate interest in the old business center, were compelled to abandon 
their fine building on Tillary and Fulton and Washington streets, and erect 



TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 259 

a new structure even higher up on Fulton street. Messrs. Frederick Loeser 
& Co. had previously built a fine business structure at the intersection of 
Fulton street and De Kalb avenue. 

These changes had settled beyond a doubt the question of where the 
retail center of trade was to be. Ovington Brothers, Journeay & Burnham, 
and other firms of the first class were soon in the market to secure eligible 
sites for the erection of new stores in the vicinity where the grand army of 
shoppers were daily gathering. The two firms mentioned were determined 
to outdo the others in the matter of easterly locations and selected that por- 
tion of Flatbush avenue just off Fulton street. There they put up buildings 
adjoining one another which are a decided improvement to that section and 
a credit to the city. Another notable addition to the upper Fulton street 
colony of big business houses was that of Messrs. W. Wise & Son, who 
leased and completely remodelled the corner store of the Johnston building 
on the angle of Flatbush avenue and Nevins street. 

Messrs. Smith, Gray & Co. were the pioneers in the matter of the erec- 
tion of fine buildings in this district, having been the first to put up a really 
fine structure, located on the corner of Fulton street, Flatbush avenue and 
Nevins street. This was destroyed by fire about a year ago and has just 
been replaced with an equally remarkable building. Wm. Berri's Sons' carpet 
warehouse, C. C. Adams & Co., jewellers, and the millinery store of Mr. 
Milkman, complete the list of original settlers in the section. 

Other occupants of stores in this favored district are the Brooklyn 
Furniture Company, Messrs. Browning, King & Co., Mr. S. Koch, Anderson's 
piano warehouse. The Cowperthw^ait Company, Messrs. James H. Hart, 
Limited, and Messrs. T. Kelly & Co. Namm's notion and variety store was 
moved about two years ago to this hive of industry from lower Fulton street, 
and Bmt's shoe store is another prominent example of early appreciation of 
the future course of business. 

The parallel portion of Myrtle avenue has also a very large amount of 
trade when such sterling houses as Isaac Mason and Mullins & Sons in the 
furniture trade, R. Fox & Co. , dry goods, (a recent removal from lower Ful- 
ton street,) and other large houses in their respective lines have thriving es- 
tablishments there. 

This stretch of streets forms one of the most concentrated centers of 
retail business in the country; in few other cities can there be found so 
many large retail business houses within such a comparatively short distance 
of one another. The firms mentioned above are, of course, only a tithe of 
the number doing business in the seven or eight blocks referred to. There 
everything that men or women need for either personal adornment, house- 
hold use or table supply can be found in as great variety and as handsomely 
displayed as in the stores of any city in this country at least, if not in the 
world. 

Expresses. 

Express offices in which orders may be left foi* the removal of trunks, 
packages, &c., are to be found in almost every block in the business parts 
of the city, and at convenient locations elsewhere. The Long Island R. R. 
Company has an express service with offices at the ticket agencies. 
Cheques or receipts are invariably given by expressmen when money is 
paid to them for expressing baggage or when baggage is transferred to 
their care. Neglect in conforming to this rule frequently entails a great 
deal of trouble and delay. Expressmen board the incoming trains before 



260 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

they reach the depots, and go through the cars soliciting for the transfer- 
ring of baggage. As these officials are the employees of the most respon- 
sible companies, and are recognized by the railroad authorities, they may 
be relied upon to fulfill any agreement they may make. Receipts are 
given in exchange for checks relinquished. Care should be taken to give 
correct addresses, and to see that they are correctly written on the order. 
Payment at the time of giving the order or upon receipt of baggage is 
optional. The express companies in Brooklyn may be divided into three 
classes — foreign, continental and local. 

The Principal Companies Having Foreign Officcs are: — American, 
74 Broadway, 333 Washington St., 726 Fulton St., 296 Flatbush Ave. and 19 
Bergen St. ; United States, offices same address as the American; Wells, 
Fargo & Co. , 333 Fulton St. , and 329 Cumberland St. 

The Principal Continental Companies are ; — Adams, 52 Nassau St., 
4 Court St. , 860 Fulton St., and 98 Broadway; American, 74 Broadway, 
333 Washington St., 726 Fulton St., 296 Flatbush Ave., and 19 Bergen St.; 
Eastern Dispatch & Delivery Co., 166 Pierrepont St.; National, 333 Wash- 
ington St., 730 Fulton St., 398 Bedford Ave., 19 Bergen St. and 296 
Flatbush Ave.; Northern Pacific, 333 Washington St., 726 Fulton St., 
398 Bedford Ave. and 19 Bergen St.; Pacific, 333 Washington St., 726 
Fulton St. , 398 Bedford Ave. and 19 Bergen St. ; United States, 74 Broad- 
way, 333 Washington St., 726 Fulton St., 296 Flatbush Ave. and 19 Ber- 
gen St.; Wells, Fargo & Co., 333 Fulton St., and 329 Cumberland St. 

The Principal Local Companies are : — Long Island, 115 Broadway, 
116 S. 6th St. and Flatbush, cor. Atlantic Avs.; New York Transfer Co., 
52 Nassau St., 4 Court St., 860 Fulton St. and 98 Broadway; Van Nostrand's, 
115 Broadway, 1149 Myrtle Ave.; 560 Grand St., 419 Kosciusko St. and 116 
S. 6th St.; AVestcott, 74 Broadway, 333 Washington St., 726 Fulton St., 296 
Flatbush Ave., and 19 Bergen St. 

Bag-gage Checking System. 

The baggage-checking system employed throughout this country, Can- 
ada and Mexico, must be regarded as one of the greatest public conveniences 
of modern times. It has relieved the weary tourist .of a burden of anxiety 
and has simplified travel to a marvelous extent. All the railway and 
steamboat companies employ this system, A small metal check is used, 
on which is stamped the number of the check and the name of the railway 
or steamboat line, and destination of the package to be checked. One of 
these checks which serve as a receipt, is given by the express office official 
or baggage master, to a person whose baggage is to be forwarded, while 
another, the exact duplicate of the first, is attached by a leather strap to the 
trunk or package. On presentation of the check to the baggage master at 
the other end of the journey, the baggage is promptly delivered to the 
owner, who, if he be in a city or town of any importance, may have it re- 
checked and sent by express to his residence or hotel. The baggage, un- 
less otherwise specified, is almost invariably carried on the same train or 
steamboat with the passenger, so that delays in delivery are reduced to a 
minimum. Care should be taken not to lose these checks or to pass them 
into the hands of irresponsible agents or expressmen, as they are not mere- 
ly orders for the delivery of baggage, but certificates of ownership as well, 
and the loss of them is sure to entail agreat deal of vexation and delay, and 
possibly loss of property. Although transportation companies are respon- 
sible at law for all articles entrusted to their care, whether checked or not, it 



TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 361 

is nevertheless imperatively necessary for everyone to exercise due precau- 
tion against the loss of checks, receipts and all other evidence of proprietor- 
ship. In general, complete reliance may be placed on the efficacy of this 
system. 

Cabs and Coaches. 

Brooklyn is provided with an efficient and well equipped cab service. 
Single horse coupes and hansoms and double horse coaches may be hired 
either by the mile, hour or day. Although the rates of fare are fixed by an 
ordinance of the city authorities to prevent extortion, they are still at the 
mutual discretion of the driver and passenger, and may often be considera- 
bly modified for special services. To avoid dispute, charges should be 
agreed upon before entering the conveyance. 

Children under eight years of age are conveyed free when in the com- 
pany of their guardians. 

Drivers have the right to collect fares when passengers enter the 
coach or cab. 

The Legal Rates and conditions are as follows: 

Mile Rate. — For coaches for conveying one or more passengers any 
distance not exceeding one mile the rate is $i ; and for each and every addi- 
tional mile or part of a mile, 50 cents. 

For cabs for conveying one or more passengers any distance not ex- 
ceeding one mile the rate is 75 cents; and for each and every additional 
mile or part of a mile, 40 cents. 

Hour Rate. —For the use of a carriage by the hour, with the privi- 
lege of going from place to place, and stopping as often and as long as may 
be required, the charge is $1.50 for the first hour and 75 cents for each and 
every additional hour or part of an hour. 

Baggage. — Every driver of coach or cab must carry on his coach or cab 
one piece of baggage without extra charge; but for any extra baggage he 
may carry he shall be entitled to such extra compensation as may be fixed 
by mutual agreement. 

Distance. — Twenty blocks shall be deemed a mile through all streets 
lanes and avenues. 

Disputes. — All disputes as to prices or distance shotdd be referred to 
the Mayor, at his office. City Hall, room 3. 

There are no regularly licensed cab stands in Brooklyn. Cabs, how- 
ever, may be found in constant waiting at City Hall Park, Brooklyn Bridge 
entrance, the depots of the Long Island R. R., the ferry landings, the 
doors of theatres and places of public amusement a few minutes before 
closing, and at many other public places during business hours. 

Steam Surface Railroads. 

Suburban railroad travel on Long Island is enormous. The passenger 
traffic on the Long Island Railroad alone is many millions in excess of that 
on any one of the great Trunk Lines leading to New York. Last year this 
system carried about 14,000,000 people. Altogether there are about 500 
miles of railway on the island. In the vicinity of Brooklyn there are many 
local roads running to the nearby towns and resorts, while the Long Island 
Railway has a monopoly of the business on the rest of the island. In the 
summer months especially fast and well equipped express trains are run on 
the Southern and Central divisions of this line to the fashionable seaside re- 
sorts — Babylon, Bayshore, Patchogue, Southampton, Bridgehampton, etc. 



263 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Parlor cars are attached to all the fast express trains. Almost all places of 
consequence on the Island are either situated on the railroad or are con- 
nected therewith by stage lines. The new depots of the L. I. R. R. , the 
one at Long Island City, and the other at Atlantic and Flatbush avenues, 
are equipped with every convenience that can afford comfort to travelers, 
and facilitate traffic generally. 

The following are the railroads on Long Island : — 

Steam Railroads. 

Brooklyn and Brisrhton Beach: Depot, Atlantic cor. Franklin Ave. To Parkville Station, 

Kings Highway, Gravesend, Sheepshead Bay, and Brighton Beach and Coney Island. 
Brooklyn, Bath and West End: Depots— Union Depot, 5th Ave. cor. 36th St., and 2d Ave. 

cor. 39th St. To New Utrecht, Bath Beach, Bensonhurst, Guntherville, West End and 

Coney Island. 
BrooklynandRockaway Beach Railroad: From Atlantic cor. Vesta Ave., to New Lots, Ca- 

narsie and Cefciarsie Landing; thence, during summer season, by ferry to Rockaway 

Beach. 
Culver Route: Depots— 3d ave. and 65th St.; 5th Ave cor. 36th St.; 9th Ave. and 20th St. 

To Coney Island and adjacent resorts. 

Long Island Railroad System: Depots— Flatbush Ave. cor. Atlantic Ave. ; Bushwick Ave. 
cor. Montrose Ave. ; Bedford Station (Atlantic Ave. near. Franklin Ave.) ; East New 
York; and Long Island City (Hunter's Point). 

Main Line: To Richmond Hill, Jamaica, Hollis. Queens, Garden City, Floral Park, Central 
Islip, Medford, Yaphank, Manor, Riverhead and Greenport. 

South Shore (Montauk) Division— via Main Line to Jamaica: To Merrick, Amityville, Baby- 
Jon, Bay Shore, Islip, Sayville, Patchogue, Bellport, Moriches, Speonk, Westhampton, 
Quogue, Bay Head, Shinnecock Hills, Southampton, Bridgehamptou and Sag 
Harbor. 

Port Jefferson Branch — ^vla Main Line to Floral Park: To Mineola, Hicksville, Syosset, 
Cold Spring, Huntington, Green Lawn, Smithtown, Stony Brook and Port Jefferson. 

Oyster Bay Branch— via Main Line to Mineola: To East Williston, Albertson, Roslyn, 
Green vale, Sea Cliff, Glen Cove, Locust Valley, Bayville and Oyster Bay. 

North Side Division— Depot, Long Island City: To Woodside, Corona, Flushing, College 
Point, Whitestone, Douglaston, Little Neck and Great Neck. 

Far Rockaway Branch— via Main Line to Woodhaven Junction or Jamaica: To Arverne, 
Wave Crest, Far Rockaway. Also via Main Line to Jamaica: To Springfield, Rose- 
dale, Valley Stream, Fee hiu*st, Woodsburgh,_Cedarhurst, Rockaway, Lawrence and 
Far Rockaway. 
Prospect Park and Coney Island— Depots : 9th Ave. cor. 20th St., and Union Depot, 5th Ave. 
and 36th St. : To City Line, Kensington Junction, Parkville, Washington Station, 
Woodlawn, King's Highway, Parkway Driving Club, Brooklyn Jockey Club, Graves- 
end and Coney Island. 
New York and Sea Beach Railway—Depot at foot of 65th St.: Bay Ridge to 3d Ave. Junc- 
tion, Bath Beach Junction, Mapleton, Woodlawn, King's Highway, Gravesend and 
West Brighton, Coney Island 
Sea View Railroad: From Brighton to West Brighton Beach, Coney Island. 

Long Island Stage Lines and Connections. 

Nearly all the villages on Long Island are connected with the stations 
on the L. I. R. R. by stages which meet the principal trains. The fares 
are regulated by the distance traveled and the special service rendered. 

Besides these lines there are stage routes across the island to and from 
the following points: From Port Jefferson to Patchogue; from Riverhead 
to Westhampton; from Quogue and Atlanticville to Riverhead; from Ama- 
gansett and Easthampton to Sag Harbor and Bridgehamptou; from Orient 
to East Marion and Greenport; from Manor to Wading River; from Yaphank 
to Middle Island; from Rocky Point, Miller's Place and Mount Sinai to 



TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 263 

Port Jefferson; from Medford Station to Coram and Selden; from Comae to 
Elwood and Greenlawn; and from Setauket to Port Jefferson. 

Trunk Railway Lines. 

The following are the Railways leading to Brooklyn via New York: 

Baltimore & Ohio.— Depot at Commuuipaw, Jersey City ; from New York by Ferry from foot 
of Liberty St. To Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Pittsburg, and "Western Cities. 

Delaware, Lackawanna & Western.— Depot, Hoboken; from New York by Ferry from ft. 
Barclay St. or Christopher St. To Paterson, Lake Hopatcong, Delaware Water Gap, 
Wilkesbarre, Richfield Springs, Scranton, Utica, Syracuse, Buffalo and connections 
for all Western cities. 

Morris & Essex . —Via Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Route and connections. To New- 
ark, Orange, Montclair, Summit, Morristown, etc. 

New Jersey Southern.— Depot at Sandy Hook, reached from New York by boat from 
Pier 8, North Rivc-r ft. Rector St. ; also via Central Railroad of New Jersey by ferry 
from Liberty St. To all New Jersey Seaside Resorts. 

New York & Harlem.— Grand Central Depot, 42nd st. and 4th Av. To White Plains, Lake 
Mahopac, Berkshire Hills and Chatham, where connection is made with the Boston & 
Albany R. R. 

New York Central & Hudson River.— Grand Central Depot, 42nd St. and 4th Ave ; also 
depot at 30th St. and lOth Av. To all points on the East shore of the Hudson River, 
Albany, Saratoga, Lake George, Lake Champlain, the Adirondacks, Montreal, Syra- 
cuse, Rochester, Buffalo, Niagara Falls, connecting with Canadian Railroads at Niag- 
ara Falls, Cleveland, Chicago and coimections with all Western hnes. 

New York, Lake Erie & Western.— Depot, Jersey City; from New York by Ferry from 
ft. Chambers St. and foot W. 23d St. To local points in New Jersey, Port Jervis, 
Watkins Glen, Rochester, Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Detroit and connecting with all 
Western points. 

Montclair & Greenwood Lake.— Via Erie. To Montclair, Watchung, Greenwood Lake 
and intermediate points. 

New York & Greenwood Lake.— Via Erie. To Greenwood Lake and intermediate points 
in New Jersey. 

New Jersey & New York.— Via Erie. To suburban points in New Jersey. 

Northern of New Jersey.— Via Erie. To Englewood, Demarest, Sparkill, and Nyack and 

intermediate points. 
New York, New Haven & Hartford.— From Grand Central Depot, 42nd St. and 4th Av. 

To Bridgeport, New Haven, Hartford, Springfield, Boston, connecting with local 

branches from Connecticut, Vermont and New Hampshire cities. 
Harlem Branch —To New Rochelle, from the north side of the Harlem River; depot near 

3rd Av. draw bridge. 

New York & Northern.— Depot 155th St., 8th Av., via Sixth or Ninth Ave. Elevated Rail- 
road. To aU local points and Croton Lake, Lake-Mahopac, Peekskill, etc. 

New York, Susquehanna & Western.— Depot Pennsylvania R. R , Jersey City; from New 
York by Ferry from foot of Cortlandt St. or Desbrosses St. To pomts in Northern 
and Eastern Pennsylvania, etc. 

Ontario & Western. —From Pennsylvania Railroad Depot, Jersey City; from New York 
by Ferry, from foot of Cortlandt or Desbrosses St. ; also depot Weehawken, from 
New York by ferry from foot W. 42nd St , and foot Jay St. To Utica, Oswego, 
Thousand Islands, Buffalo, Niagara FaUs, connecting with all Western lines. 

Pennsylvania.— Depot at Exchange Place. Jersey City; from New York by ferry from 
foot Cortlandt or Desbrosf=es St. To Newark, Trenton, and intermediate New 
Jersey towns, and Philadelphia, Wilmington, Baltimore and all Southern and West- 
ern points. 

Reading Railroad System. — 
Central Railroad of New Jersey.— Depot at Communipaw. Jersey City; from New York 
by ferry foot Liberty St. To Newark, Elizabeth, Plainfield, Bound Brook, Allentown, 
Trenton, Philadelphia and Pennsylvania Coal Regions. 
Newark and New York.— A branch of the Central of New Jersey. To Newark and inter- 
mediate points. 
New York and Long Branch.— Depots. Communipaw and Exchange Place, Jersey City; 
by ferry from foot Liberty, or Desbrosses or Cortlandt St. To New Jersey Seaside Re- 
sorts. 



264 CITI2EN GUIDE. 

Lehigh Valley.— From Depot, Communipaw, Jersey City; from New York by ferry from 
foot Cortlandt or Desbrosses St. To Phillipsburgh, Easton, Bethlehem, Philadelphia, 
Baltimore, Washington, connecting with all railroads for the North, West and South. 

Philadelphia & Reading. -Depot, Central Railroad of New Jersey; from New York by 
ferry foot Liberty St. 
Staten Island Rapid Transit.— Depot, St. George, S. I. ; from New York by ferry from 
foot Whitehall St. To all points on Staten Island. 

West Shore & Buffalo.— From Pennsylvania R. R. Depot, Jersey City. From New York 
by ferry foot Cortlandt or Desbrosses St ; also depot at Weehawken ; from New 
York by ferry from foot W. 42nd St. or Jay St. To all points on the West Shore of 
the Hudson River, West Point, Newburgh, Catslcill Momitains, Albany, Utica, Oswego, 
Rochester, Buffalo, Niagara Falls, connecting with all Western hues. 

Long Island Steamboat Landings. 

FARES FROM NEW YORK. 
LANDINGS. LINES OR BOATS. N. Y. PIERS. SINGLE. EXCURSION 

Astoria Morrisania Ft. Fulton St S -10 

Bay Ridge Bay Ridge Ferry Ft. Whitehall St 10 $ .25 

Bayville Str. Northport Peck Slip 60 1.00 

Belden Point Iron S. B. Co Battery PL, N. R .40 

Brookways Hartford Peck Slip 1.50 2.25 

Centre Island Str. Portchester Ft. Pike St 40 .75 

Cold Spring Str. Portchester Ft. Pike St 40 .75 

College Point N. Y. College Point Ferry. .E. 99th St 10 

Coney Island Iron S. S Co Ft. W. 23d St. & BY PI. .35 .50 

Davis Island U. S. Government Boat Ft. Moore & Broad Sts Pass 

Fort Hamilton U. S. Goverament Boat Ft. Moore & Broad Sts Pass 

Fort Hamilton Pleasure Bay Ft. Jane St 15 

Fort Schuyler U. S. Government Boat Ft. Moore & Broad Sts Pass 

Glen Cove Str. Idlewlld Peck SI. ft. E.31 St 35 .50 

Glenwood Str. Idlewild Peck SI. ft. E. 31 St 35 .50 

Great Neck Str. Idlewild Peck SI. ft. E. 31 St 35 .50 

Greenport Montauk S. B. Co Ft. Beekman St 1.25 2.50 

Huntington Str. Huntington Ft. Pike St 50 

Lloyd's Dock Str. Portchester Ft. Pike St 40 .75 

Northport Str. Northport PeckSlip... 75 1.25 

Orient Montauk S. B. Co Ft Beekman St 1.25 

Oyster Bay Str. Portchester Ft. Pike St 40 .75 

Port Jefferson Str. Nonowantuc From New York City 

Roslyn Str. Idlewild Peck SUp 35 .50 

Sag Harbor Montauk S. B. Co Ft. Beekman St 125 2.50 

Sands Point Str. Idlewild Peck Slip 35 .50 

Saybrook Hartford Line Peck Slip 1.50 2.25 

Sea Cliff Str. Idlewild Peck SI. & E. 31 St 35 .50 

Shelter Island Montauk S. B. Co Ft. Beekman St 125 2.50 

Southold Montauk S. B. Co Ft. Beekman St 1.25 2.50 

Whitestone Str Idlewild Peck Shp 

Willet's Point Government Launch Ft. Moore & Broad Sts Pass 

Brooklyn Elevated Railroads. 

To the elevated railroad system of Brooklyn must be ascribed very 
much of the recent development of the outlying and suburban districts of 
the city. The system, which is but four or five years old, has been grad- 
ually extended until at present it is possible to reach almost every part of 
the city by its use. Large stretches of hitherto unoccupied land along the 
routes of the elevated railroads and beyond their termini have been rapidly 
converted into populous and thriving business or residential centres. 
These roads and the surface lines connecting therewith have made the 
newer portions of Brooklyn the most desirable places in the metropolitan 
district for the building of dwellings, and seem destined to enable Brooklyn 
to vie with any city in the land as a real " City of Homes." Thousands of 
New York merchants and business men, attracted by the healthfulness of 



TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 265 

the location, moderate price of land, and above all by the facility of travel, 
have of late years fixed their residences in Brooklyn or its immediate 
vicinity. 

The elevated railroads are controlled by two companies, namely, the 
Brooklyn and Union, and the Kings County. The Brooklyn company con- 
trols the Broadway, the Brooklyn Bridge, Grand and Lexington Avenue, 
the Fifth Avenue, and the Fulton Ferry and Myrtle Avenue lines. The 
Kings County Company controls the Fulton Street line. The fare on all 
the roads is five cents for any distance, and by a system of transfers on the 
Brooklyn and Union lines passengers may reach almost any part of the 
city. The traffic on the elevated lines last year aggregated about 55,000,000 
passengers. The system embraces about 22 miles of track, and owns 
about 120 locomotives and 360 cars. 

The elevated railway lines and routes in Brooklyn are as follows: 

Broadway Line.— From Broadway Ferry to Fulton Ave., to Van Siclea Ave. Distance, 
4.80 miles; running time, 20 minutes. Stations: Broadway Ferry, Driggs Ave., Marcy 
Ave., Hewes St., Lorimer St., Flushing Ave , Park Ave., Mj^rtle Ave., De Kalb and 
Kosciusko Aves., Gates Ave , Halsey St., Chauncey St. and Broadway Park, Manhat- 
tan Junction, Alabama Ave, and Van Siclen Ave. Last train leaves ferry at 12:59 
A M. 

Brookyn Bridge, Grand and Lexington Ave. Line.— From Brooklyn Bridge via Adams 
St. to Myrtle Ave., to Grand Ave., to Lexington Ave,, to Broadway, to Fulton Ave., to 
Van Siclen Ave. Distance, 6.41 miles; running time, 30 minutes. Stations: Brook- 
lyn Bridge, City Hall, Bridge St.. Navy St , Vanderbilt Ave., Washington Ave. , Grand 
and Myrtle Aves., De Kalb A.ve., Greene Ave., Franklin Ave., Nostrand Ave.. Tomp- 
kins Ave., Sumner Ave , Reid Ave., Gates Ave., Halsey St., Ghatmcey St., Manhat- 
tan Junction, Alabama Ave., and Van Siclen Ave. Last trainleaves Bridge at 1:10 A M. 

Fifth Avenue Line. — From Brooklyn Bridge via Fulton St. to Flatbush Ave., toThirty- 
sixth St Distance, 4.25 miles; rimning time, 20 minutes. Stations: Brooklyn Bridge, 
City Hall, Bridge St., Fulton St., Flatbush and Atlantic Aves. (Long Island Railroad 
Station), St. Marks Ave., Union St , Third St., JNinth St. Sixteenth St , Twentieth St., 
Twenty -fifth St., Thirty -sixth St. Last train leaves Bridge at 12.43 A. M. 

Fulton Ferry and Myrtle Avenue Link.— From Fulton Ferry via Fulton St. , to York St. , 
toHudson Ave., to Myrtle Ave., to Wyckoff Ave. Distance, 4.91 miles; nmning time! 
24 minutes. Stations: Fulton Ferry, Washuigton St., Bridge St., Navy St., Vander- 
bilt Ave , Washington Ave., Grand and Myrtle Aves., Franklin Ave., Nostrand Ave., 
Tompkins Ave., Sumner Ave., Broadway, Evergreen Ave, De Kalb Ave, Knicker- 
bocker Ave , Wyckoff Ave. Last train leaves ferry at 12 48 A. M. 

Fulton Street Line.— From Fulton and Sackman Sts.' to Williams PI to SnedikerAve, 
to Eastern Parkway, 10 Market St., to Liberty St., to City Line iSistance lU miles. 
Stations: Manhattan Crossing, Atlantic Ave., Eastern Park, Pennsylvania Ave., Van 
Siclen Ave: This Une is stiU in course of construction, and will not be open for sometime. 

Kings County Elevated Railway.— From Fulton Feiry and Brooklyn Bridge via Fulton 
St to Williams PL, to Snediker Ave., to Eastern Parkway, to" Montauk Ave Dis- 
tance, 8 miles; running time, 85 minutes. Stations: Fulton Ferry, Brooklyn Bridge, 
Clark St , Court St. and Myrtle Ave , Boerum PI., Elm PI and DuffieJd St.. Flatbush 
Ave., Lafayette Ave., Cumberland St., Vanderbilt Ave, Grand Ave.. Franklin Ave., 
Nostrand Ave , Brooklvn and Tompkins Aves , Albanv and Sumner Aves., Utica Ave , 
Ralph Ave., Saratoga Ave., Rockaway Ave., Manhattan Crossing, Atlantic Ave., 
Eastern Parkway, Pennsylvania Ave , Van Siclen Ave.. Linwood St , Montauk Ave. 
Trains run every 45 minutes after 12:30 midnight until 5:00 A. M. 

Brooklyn Elevated R. R. Co. 

The following tables of the different branches of the Brooklyn Elevated 
R. R. Company's lines show the names of all stations and the distance of 
each from either Brooklyn Bridge, Fulton or Broadway Ferry. The num- 
bers in parenthesis which follow the names of stations refer to the para- 
graph following the tables explanatory of the transfer system. The names 
of avenues and streets along which the railway runs are printed perpendic- 
ularly, and the stations bracketed therewith are those on the respective ave- 
nues and streets traversed. 



266 



CITIZEN GUIDE. 



LEXINGTON AVE. LINE. 



FIFTH AVE. LINE. 



NAMES OF STATIONS. 



DISTANCE. 



I 
^ I 



Brooklyn Bridge. , „ o.oo 

City Hall .0.49 

Bridge Street (0) 0.72 

Navy Street (1) 0.98 

Cumberland Street 1.30 

Vanderbilt Avenue. ...... .1,52 

Washington Avenue i . 69 

Grand Ave. Trans. (1) i . 85 

DeKalb Avenue. . . .' 2.08 

Greene Avenue 2.28 

Franklin Avenue 2.61 

Nostrand Avenue 2 . 92 

Tompkins Avenue 3.24 

Sumner Avenue 3-54 

Reid Ayenue 4 . 00 

Gates Avenue (2) 4.48 

Halsey Street 4 . 89 

Chauncey Street 5.29 

Manhattan Junction (1 1) ... 5 . 69 

Alabama Avenue (12) 5.96 

Van Sicklen Avenue 6 . 38 

Cleveland Street 6 72 

Norwood Avenue 7.08 

Crescent Avenue 7.47 

Jamaica Avenue ' 7 02 

Cypress Hills Cemetery. . j" ' "9 

MYRTLE AVE. LINE. 



NAMES OF STATIONS. 



DISTANCE. 






k 
^ 



NAMES OF STATIONS. 



DISTANCE. 



^1 






Brooklyn Bridge 0.00 

City Hall o . 49 

Bridge Street (5) o 72 

Fulton Street i . 24 

Flatbush & Atlantic (13). . . i .63 

St. Mark's Place 1.S9 

Union Street 2.22 

Third Street (6) 2.51 

Ninth Street 2.82 

Sixteenth Street 3.16 

Twentieth Street 3.41 

Twenty-fifth Street (7) 3.64 

Thirty-sixth Street (8). . . .4.22 

Fortieth Street 4.71 

Forty-sixth Street 4-97 

Fifty-second Street 5.27 

Fifty-eighth Street 5 . 56 

^Sixty-fifth Street (14). . ... .5.89 



BROADWAY LINE. 



NAME OF STATIONS. 



DISTANCE 






^l 



O. 

I. 



Fulton Ferry 0.00 

Washington Street 0.30 

Bridge Street 0.56 

Navy Street (3) 1.32 

Cumberland Street 1.64 

Vanderbilt Avenue i .85 

Washington Avenue 2 . 02 

Grand Avenue 2.20 

Franklin Avenue 2 . 48 

Nostrand Avenue 2.78 

Tompkins Avenue 3.10 

Sumner Avenue 3-40 

Broadway (4) 3 . 69 

Evergreen Avenue 4.01 

DeKalb Avenue 4.25 

Knickerbocker Avenue 4.60 

Wyckoff Avenue. ) ^ 

Ridgewood. ) ^'^ 

Transfer for stations on Fifth Avenue. 
Transfer for stations on Myrtle Avenue. 



Broadway Ferry 0.00 

Driggs Avenue 0.35 

Marcy Avenue 0.61 

Hewes Street 0.89 

Lorimer Street .1.19 

Flushing Avenue 1.55 

Park Avenue i . 80 

Myrtle Avenue (9) 2.05 

DeKalb Avenue 2 47 

Gates Avenue (10) 2 . 90 

Halsey Street 3.31 

Chauncey Street 3.71 

Manhattan Junction 4,11 

Alabama Avenue 4.38 

Van Siclen Avenue 4.80 

Cleveland Street 5 14 

Norwood Avenue 5 . 50 

Crescent Avenue 5 . 89 

Jamaica Avenue ( 

Cypress Hills Cemetery.. \ "'^^ 



TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 267 

2. Transfer for Broadway Ferries. 

3. Transfer for stations on Grand and Lexington Avenues. 

4. Transfer for stations on Broadway. 

5. Transfer for stations on Myrtle and Lexington Avenues. 

6. Washington Park Ball Ground. 

7. Greenwood Cemetery. 

8. Connect with P. P. & C. I. and B. B. & W. E. R.R. for Coney Island, 
g. Transfer for stations on Myrtle Avenue. 

10. Transfer for stations on Lexington Avenue. 

11. Connect with L. I. R.R. for Manhattan Beach. 

12. Connect with B. & R. B. R.R. for Canarsie and Rockaway Beach. 

13. Connect with L. I. R.R. for aU points on Long Island. 

Trains on Lexington Avenue, Fifth Avenue and Broadway run all 

night. 
Trains on Myrtle Avenue run from 5 A. M. to i A. M. 

14. Connect with N. Y. & M. B. R.R., and N. Y. & S. B. R.R. for Coney 

Island. 
For all Cemeteries, Prospect Park, Ball Grounds and connections with 
surface railroads to all points on Long Island and Coney Island, reached 
by the Elevated Railroads, see general street map of Guide. 

Kings County Elevated Railway. 

This road represents the best t}^e of overhead carriage known to-day. 
In its construction the defects of earlier roads were remedied and every- 
thing possible done to insure speed and safety and guard against the pos- 
sibility of interruption. The same desire to promote the comfort and con- 
venience of passengers is observable in the rolling stock of the road. All 
the cars are of elegant construction, and are distinctly superior to the cars 
ordinarily run on elevated roads. Men are particularly partial to this road 
because the last car of every train is a smoker where the unfinished cigar 
may be consumed in peace. 

The route of this road is an interesting one. It starts at Fulton Ferry, 
has a station connected by a covered walk with the Bridge and continues 
on up Fulton street past the City Hall, Beecher Statue, County Court House, 
and Hall of Records. Next comes the fashionable shopping district. At 
Franklin avenue close connection is made with the trains of the Brooklyn 
and Brighton Beach R. R. , a direct and pleasant route to the coast. At 
Manhattan crossing, which is within one minute's walk of the Cemetery of 
the Evergreens, direct connection is made with the Electric Railroad which 
passes the entrances to the following cemeteries: National Soldier's, Salem 
Field, Jewish Cemetery, Union Fields, Cypress Hills and Mount Neboh. 
Ridge wood Park and Reservoir are also reached by this road, which extends 
to Woodhaven and Jamaica. 

At Eastern Park station are the grounds of the Brooklyn Baseball Clubs 
where many of the championship games are played. The terminus of the 
road IS at Montauk avenue. The running time each way is 35 minutes. 

Brooklyn and Brighton Beach Railroad. 

The easiest way of reaching Brighton Beach is by this road, which 
connects at Franklin avenue with the Kings County Elevated Railway. 
The fare is only fifteen cents for a single trip, and twenty-five cents for a 
round trip. Brighton Beach is the great popular resort of the people who 
wish to avoid the boisterous frivolity of one end of Coney Island, and the 



268 CITIZEN GUIDE, 

extravagant cost of diversion at the other. It has the best beach for bath- 
ing on the coast, a superior hotel, good restaurants where prices are mod- 
erate, and excellent music. 

Brooklyn and Kockaway Beach Railroad. 

Canarsie is usually the first objective point of all parties bent on the 
enjoyment of Jamaica Bay's attractions. To get there most easily, take 
the Kings County Elevated Railway to Atlantic avenue, and there change 
to the Brookl}^ and Rockaway Beach Railway which runs directly to Can- 
arsie Landing and connects there with the ferry to Rockaway Beach. 
Canarsie Village and Grove are also reached by this road. Canarsie Land- 
ing is famous for its fish dinners, which may be had cooked to perfection 
at any of the larger hotels. During the season there are also concerts every 
afternoon and evening. The excursion fare to Canarsie Landing is only 
twent}^ cents. Trains run every half hour as a general thing and at shorter 
intervals on Sundays and holidays. 

Brooklyn Surface Railroads. 

The surface railroads of Brooklyn afford a most complete system of 
local passenger traffic. Until recently the only mode of traction was by 
horses, but within the past year or so the underground cable and the elec- 
tric trolley systems have been introduced and operated with success. The 
latter system is employed on many of the principal surface roads in the 
city, notably the Brooklyn City, De Kalb Avenue, Brooklyn and Coney 
Island, Third Avenue and Atlantic Avenue lines. 

The traffic of the surface lines is enormous, last year aggregating over 
150,000,000 passengers. About 7,000 men, 5,000 horses and motors, and 
3,000 cars are employed on these roads. The total length of track is about 
225 miles. The largest surface railway company is the Brooklyn City, 
which owns over 88 miles of road and carries 78,500,000 passengers annu- 
ally. Its equipment embraces over 1,600 horses and motors, and about 
1,550 cars. It has introduced electricity as a mode of traction on many of 
its lines. The fare on all lines, for any distance, five cents. 

The capital letter or letters following the description of each of the sur- 
ace railroads in the following list is the letter by which the Surface road is re- 
lerred to in the text — but more especially on the Brooklyn Surface R. R. 
map at page 279. The key in the corner of this map shows that squares or 
locations on the map indicated by the letters and numbers are reached by 
the surface railway lines designated by the letters following them as above 
explained. E. G. — Square D 6 is reached by the surface railways indicated 
by the letters E, O, W, Mm, or Ww. The names of the surface railways are 
".n alphabetical order, as are also the key letters. 

The following are the surface railway lines and routes in Brooklyn: 

Adams St. Line: From Fulton Ferry tlirou2:h Fulton to Front, to Catherine Ferry, to 
Adams (Brooklyn Bridge), to Fulton (City Hall and Covu-t House), to Boerum Pi., to 
Atlantic Ave., by transfer at Long Island R. K., returning by same route. Depot to 
and from Butler St. line; 5th Ave., by transfer at 15th St , to and from 1.5th St. line to 
5th Ave., to Green-vood Cemetery, main entrance. Last night car leaves 23 J St. and 5th 
Av, at 11:20, and Fulton Ferry at 12:07 A. M. A. 

Bergen St. Line: From South Ferry, through Atlantic Ave. by transfer at Hicks St , to and 
from the Hicks St. Crosstown line, to Boerum PI., by transfer at Hoy I; St., to and from 
the Hoyt St. Crosstown line, to Bergen, to Rochester Ave., returning by same route. 
Last night car leaves Rochester Ave. at 12:14 A. M., South Feiry at 12:55 A. M. B 

Broadway Ferry, Metropolitan Ave R. R. (North 2nd St. Line): Foot of Broadway, through 
Metropolitan Ave., or N. 2d St.. to Lutheran and St. John's Cemeteries; returning by 
same route. Last car leaves foot Broadway at 1 : 10 A. M. C 



TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 269 

Brooklyn Heights R. R. (Cable Line): From Court and Montague Sts., through Montague 
St., to Wall St. Ferry, returning by same route. D. 

Bushwick Line: From Grand, Houston and Roosevelt St. ferries alone: Kent Ave. to Broadway, 
to Bedford Ave., toS. 4thSt .toMeserole St., to Bushwick Ave., to Myrtle Ave., to City 
Line; returning by same route. Transfer at Gralmm A v. and Meserble St., to Graham 
Av. line, and at Flushing and Bushwick and to Flushmg and Union Ave. lines. Night 
C3rs leave Ridgewood at 1^:04, 1-2:24, 12:54, 1:24, 2:00, 2:84, 3;04, 3:40, 4:14, 4:44; ferry 
at 12:47, 1:07, 1::^,7, 2:43, 3:17, 3:47. 4:23, 4:.57aad 5:27 A. M. E. 

Butler St. Line: From South Ferry, through Atlantic Ave. by transfer to Hicks St., to and 
from Hicks St. Crosstown li i3 by transfer at Long Islanl Depot to .5th Ave, City 
Hall and 7th Ave. lines, to Washington Ave., to Butler, to New York Ave , reruriiiig 
by same route. Last night car leaves Nostraud Ave. at 11:33 P. M., and South Icrry 
at 12:09 A. M. F. 

Calvary Cemetery Line: From Greenpoint Ferry via Greenpomt Ave., to Calvary Ceme- 
tery (new entrance^ returnin:!: by same route. Last car leaves ferry at 12:10 and Cal- 
vary Cemetery 12:30 A. M. G. 

Coney Island Line: Prom Park Circle of Boulevard to Brighton Beach and Vanderveer's 
Hotel, Coney Island, returning by sanje route. First cars leave at A. M. and every 
five minutes thereafter luitil 12 P. M. in the Summer season; in the Winter season, 
every half hour. Retvu-ning the last car leaves at 11:30 P. M. H. 

Coney Island and Brooklyn Electric Railroad (Main Line*:— Froin Fulton Ferry, through 
Water, to MaiP, to Prospect, to .lay, to Smitli,to Ninth, to Fifteenth, to City line; re- 
turning by same route. Opeaallnight. Cars run every hour at and after 12:35. I. 

Court street and Greenwood Trolley Line: From i-i"ulton Ferry through Fulton to Court, to 
Hamilton Ave., to Third Ave., to Twenty-flfth St., to Fifth Ave., to Greenwood Cem- 
etery connecting with Coney Island and Fort Hamilton trains; returning by same 
route. Night cars leave depot at 11:53, 1:23, 1:53, 2:23, 2:53, 3:2.^, 3:53, 4:23, 4:43; and 
Fulton Ferry at 1:37, 2:07, z:S7, 3:07. 3:.37, 4:07, 4:37. 5:07,5:22 A. M. J. 

Crosstown Line: From Erie Basin, through Richard St. to WoodhuU, to Columbia, to At- 
lantic Ave., (South Ferry), to Court St., to Joralemon, to Willoughby, to Ray n on d 
St., to Park Ave., to Washington Ave., to Kent Ave., to Broadway (pas-^ing Grand 
and Roosevelt Ferries), to Driggs Ave , Van Cott Ave., to Manhattan Ave., to New- 
town Creek. Annex to Long Island City through Vernon Ave., and Borden Ave., to 
34th St. Ferry and Long Island R. R. depot; return same route except Bedford Ave , 
instead of Driggs Ave. .and Navy St., instead of Raymond St. Night cars leave both de- 
pots 1 :00, 2;30 and 4:00 A. M. K. 

Cypress HiUs Extension: From Fulton St. and Alabama Ave., through Fulton St. to Cy- 
press Ave . , to the main entrance Cypress Hiils Cemetery ; returning by same route. 
L. 

Cypress Hills Line: From city line to St. Nicholas Ave. to Myrtle Ave., to Cypress Ave., to 
Cvi^ress Hills; returning by same route. Last car leaves City Line at' 9:15; Cypress 
Hills 9:30. M. 

DeKalb Avenue Line: From Fulton Ferry through Water St., to Washington St., to Fulton 
St., to DeKalb Ave., to Wykoff Ave. ; returning by same route. Night cars leave de- 
pot 12:05, 12;20, 12:35, 1. -.35, 2:05, 2:35, 3:24, 3:52, 4:22. Leave Bridge 12:37, 12:51, 1:07. 
1:22, 1:.52, 2:22, 2:52, 3:22, 4:21; 4:51, 5:20. N. 

East New York Line: From Broadway Ferries through Broadway to East New York; re- 
turn same route. Night cars leave the ferry at 1:50, 2:30, 3:10, 3:50, 4:30, 5:10; leave 
depot at 1:00, 1:40, 2:20,3:40, 4:20. O. 

Fifteenth Street Line: From Hamilton Ferry through Hamilton avenue, by transfer at 
Hicks St. to and from the Hieks St. Crosstown line, to 15th by transfer at 5th Ave . 
to and from the City Hall and Fifth Ave, South Ferry Lines, to 9th Ave. to 20th St. 
(Culver's Depot); returning by same route Last night car leaves depot at 11:36; 
Hamilton berry 12:10. P. 

Flatbush Avenue Line: From Fulton Ferry, through Fulton St. to Flatbush Ave', to Pros- 
pect Park and Flatbush; returning by same route; Night cars leave Flatbush Depot 
at 12, 12:25. 12:55, 1:25, 1:55, 2:55, 3:25, 3:55,4:31 A. M.; and Fulton Ferry at 12:51, 1:21, 
1:51, 2;21, 2:51, 3:21, 3:.51, 4:21, 4:51, .5:21 A. M. Q. 

Flushing Avenue Line: From Fulton Ferry, through Fulton to Sands, to Hudson Ave., to 
Flushing Ave., to Broadway and Graham Ave., to Van Cott Ave., to Manhattan Ave., 
to Greenp'.int Ave,, to 23d and 10th St. Ferries, Greenpoint. Transfers passengers to 
Greenpoint line at CJasson and Flushing Aves. , and to Ridgewood and Grand St., 
and Broadway Ferries at Graham Ave., and to Meserble St , and to Union 
Ave. line at Throop and Flushing aves; returning by same route. Night cars leave 
10th and 23d St. Ferries (Van Cott Ave 10 minutes later), at 12:08, 12:23, 123S. 12:53, 1 :08, 
1:3S, 2:08, 2:.38, 3:08, 3:3R, 4:0=i, 4:38 A. M., and Fulton Ferry, 1:08, 1:23, 1:38, 1:53, 2:22, 
2:52, 3:22, 3:52, 4:22, 5:22, 5:38. R. 
Fort Hamilton Electric Line: From Twenty-sixth St. and Third Ave., to Fort Hamilton, 
^long Third Ave., retm'ning by same route. Last car frona depot to Fort Hamilton, 



270 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

1.00. Leave Fort Hamilton, 1.30. Night cars leave Twenty -fifth St. depot for City , 
line only at 1.40. 2 10, 2.40, 3.10, 3.40, 4.10, 4.42, A. M.; leave city line: 2 05, 2.35, 3.05, 
3.35,4.05,4.35, 4 58. A.M.; passengers transferred to Tliirty -ninth St. Ferry when 
coming from Fort Hamilton at Sixty-fifth St. and Third Ave. S. 

FrankUn Avenue Line: From foot of Grand St., through Water St. , to Kent Ave., to Sonth 
Eighth, to Wythe Ave., to Franklin Ave , Prospect Park, and returning by same route. 
Last night car leaves Franklin Ave. and Carroll St. depot at 12.04. and Grand St. 
Ferry at 12.50 A, M . Transfers passengers at cor. of Franklin and DeKalb Ave. T. 

Fulton Street and East New York: From Fulton Ferry along Fulton St. to East New York, 
returning by same route. Niglit cars to East New York: 12.08. 12 28, 12 48, 1 .08. 1.28, 
1 5'5, 2.28, 2.5G, 3 26, 4. 1, A. M. ; and from Fulton Ferry: 1.08, 1.28, 2.08, 2 30, 3 00. 3.30, 
4.00, 4.30, 5.01, A. M. U. 

Furman Street Line: From Fulton Ferry, along Furman St. to Atlantic Ave (South Brook- 
lyn), to Columbia St., to Sackett St.. to Hamilton Ferry; returning by same route. 
Transfers to Van Brunt St. and Erie Basin line and to Hamilton Ave. line from Hamil- 
ton Ave. V. 

Gates Avenue Line: From Fulton Ferry, through Fulton St. , to Greene Ave., to Franklin 
Ave., to Gates Ave., to Ridgewood; returning by same route. Night cars from Ridge- 
wood at 12 37, 1.12, 1.52, 2.37, 3.05, 3.52, 4.^7, A. M. ; and from Fulton Ferry at 1.32, 2.09 
2.47, 3.32. 4.06, 4.47, 5 16, A. M W. 

Grand Street Line: From foot of Broadway, through Kent Ave., to Grand St , to Maspeth 
and Newtown; returning by same route . X. 

Greenpoint and Bushwick Line: This line is operated by system of transfers on Flushing 
and Bushwick lines. Y. 

Greenpoint Line: From Fulton Ferry, through Fulton St., to Myrtle Ave. to Classon or 
Washington Ave , to Kent Ave., to Franklin St.. to Commercial St., toNewtown Creek; 
returning bv same route Transfers to Flushing Ave. line at Classon and Flushing 
Aves. Night cars leaves Hunter's Point Bridge at 12.08, 12.30, 1.03, 2.00, 2.30, 3.30, 4.29, 
A. M. ; and Fulton Ferry at 1 . 12, 1.37, 2.07, 3 07, 3.37, 4.37. 5 83. Z. 

Greenpoint and Lorimer St Line: From Nostrand and Park Aves , through Nostrand Ave., 
to Gwinnett St., to Lorimer St., to Nassau Ave., to Manhattan Ave , Greenpoint Ave., 
to 10th and 23d St Ferries; also from (ireenpoint Ave. through Franklin St. to Mese- 
role Ave., to Manhattan; returning by same route. Transfers passengers to the Nos- 
trand Ave. Line at Park and Nostrand Ave Aa. 

Greenwood Cemetery Line: Franklin Ave. (Willink entrance, Prospect Park,) to Green- 
wood; returning by same route. Bb. 

Greenwood Line: From Fulton Ferry, through Furman street, passing Wall St. and S.Ferries, 
to Atlantic Ave., 5th Ave. by transfer at 15th St. to and from 15th St line to Green- 
wood Cemetery; returning by some route. Night cars leave depot: 12.05, 12.25, l<i,.55, 
1 25, 1.58, 2.25,"2.55, 3.-^5, 3.55, 4,25. 4.48, 5.12, 5.24; Fulton Ferry U.02, 12.22, 12.47, 1.17, 
1.47, 2.17, 2,47, 3.17, 3.47, 4.17, 4.47, 5.17. Cc. 

Hamilton Avenue Line: From Hamilton Ave. Ferry, throughHamilton Ave. to Third Ave. 
to 25th St., to Greenwood Cemetery and connecting at 3rd Ave. and 25th St., bv trains 
to ti'ort Hamilton, Bay Ridge and Coney Island; returning by same route. Dd. 

Hamilton Avenus and Prospect Park Trolley Line: From Hamilton Ferry, through Hamil- 
ton Ave., to Ninth St., to Prospect Park; returning by same route. Last night car 
leaves ferry, 12.10, A. M.. and depot at 11.37. Ee. 

Hicks St Crosstown Line: From Fulton Ferry by transfer at Brooklyn Bridge, through 
Washington to Concord, to Adams, to Fulton, to Atlantic Ave.. to Hicks, by transfer at 
Hicks St., to and from Bersren, Butler and 5th Ave., South Ferry lines to Hamilton 
Ave , by transfer at Hamilton Ave., to 15th, to Prospect Park, by transfer at 5th Ave 
to Greenwood Cemetery and 9th Ave., to Prospect Park and Coney Island RE., and 
Greenwood Cemetery; reti-ming i y same route. Last car leaves Hamilton Ave. ab 
11 :30, Brooklyn Bridge at 11 :05. Ff. 

Hoyt St Crosstown Line: From Fulton Feiry by transfer at Brooklyn Bridge through 
Washington, to Concord, to Adams, to Fulton (to Cooi't House and City Hall), to Boe- 
rum PI., to Bergen, to Hoyt, transfer at Hoyt St. and from the Bergen St. line to 
Saekott, to Hamilton Ferry, returning by same route. Last car leaves Hamilton Ferry 
at 1:10 and Brooklvn Bridge at 12:40 Gg. 

Jamaica and Brooklyn Line: From Manhattan Crossing station of Kings County Elevated 
R. R. and Alabama Ave., station of Union Elevated R. R , for National, Salem Field, 
Cypress Hills and Mt. Hope Cemetery, Woodhaven, Clarenceville. Morris Park, Rich- 
mond Hill and Jamaica, rpturning by same route Cars leave Jamaica at 5:30 and 6:15 
A M. and every 15 minutes thereafter until 10:45; then 11:15, 11:30 and 11:45 P M. 
Cars leave Manhattan Station at 6:15 A. M.. an^l every 15 minutes thereafter until 11 
P. M , and then at 12: 15 midnigtit. Cars leave Manhattan Station for Woodhaven only 
at 11:15, 11:30, 1;;:00, 12:30 P. M. and 12:45 (Sunday.s). Hh. 

Knickerbocker Ave. Line: This line is an extension of the Union Ave. Une. li. 

Lee ajid Nostrand Ave Lipe: From foot of Broadway to Driggs Ave., to Division Ave., to 



TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 271 

Lee Ave., toNostrand Ave,, to Malbone St., to Willink entrance, Prospect Park, re- 
tui-ning by same route. Night cars leave depot at 12:18, 12:40, 1:15. 2.00, '2:i'\ 3:30, 4:20 
A. M., and ferry at 12;.58, 1:20, 1:.55. 2:40. 3:25, 4:10, 5:00 A. M. Transfers Pas- 
senger to Lorimt r St. line at Nostrand and Park Aves. J j. 

Lutheran Cemetery Line: Fi'oni City Une to Myrtle Ave., to Palmetto, through private 
property to Metropolitan Ave., returning by same route. (Lutheran Cemetery, Mid- 
dle Village.) Last car leaves city line at 10:10, and Middle Village at 10:12 P M. Kk. 

Meeker Ave. Line: From foot of Broadway, through Kent Ave. to Grand St., to Humboldt, 
to Meeker Ave., to Calvary Cemetery (old entrance), returning by same route. Lasc 
day car leaves depot at 12:53, and ferry at 1:02. LI. 

Myrtle Ave. Line: From Fulton Ferry, through Fulton St. to Myrtle Ave., to Ridgewood. 
returning by saire route. Night cars leave depot at 12:19, i2;49, 1:19, 1:49, 2:19, 2 40, 
3:19, 3:49, 4:19, 4:40, and 4:.51 A. M , and Fulton Ferry at 1:22, 1:52, 2,22, 2:52, 3:22, 
3:52, 4:22, 4:52, 5:22 and 5:52 A. M. Mm. 

Park Ave. Line: From Fulton Ferry, through Water, passing Catharine Ferry, to Wash- 
ingt,on (Brooklyn Bridge), to Concord, to Navy, to Park Ave. , to Broadway, to Park, 
to Beaver, to Bushwick Ave . to Jefferson, to <_ entrai Ave., returning by same route. 
Last night car leaves Central Ave. at 10:00 and Bndge at 9:20. Nn. 

Prospect Park and Holy Cross Cemetery Line: From Flatbush Ave, cor. Malbone St., 
through Malbone St. to Clove Road, Clarkson st. (Almshouse, Hospital and Asylum), 
and Canarsie Lane, to Holy Cross Cemetery, returning by same route. Last night 
car leaves Prospect Park at 7 P. M. , and Cemetery at 7:25 P. M. Oo, 

Putnam Avenue Line: From FiJton Ferry, through' Fulton St. to Putnam Ave., to Nos, 
trand Ave., to Halsey St., to Broadway, returning by same route. Last night car 
leaves depot at 12:15 A. M., and Fulton Ferry at 1:05 A M. Pp. 

Ralph Ave. Line: From Broadway and Ralph Ave., through Ralph Ave., to Atlantic Ave., 
East New York cars transfer both ways, returning by same route. Last coimecting 
car leaves ferry at 12:00 midnight. Qq. 

Reid Ave Line: From Broadway ferries, BroadAvay to Reid Ave., to Fulton St , to Utica 
Ave., to Atlantic Ave., returning by same route. Night cars leave ferry at 2:10, 2:50, 
3:30, 4:10, 4:55, and depot at 1:30, 2:10, 2:50, 3:40, and 4:10 A. M. Rr. 

Richmond Hills Line : Ridgewood at city line, along Myrtle avenue to Richmond Hill. 
Returning by same route. Rrr. 

Second Avenue Electric Line: 39th St. Ferry, through 2nd Ave., 65th St., 3rd Ave., Bay 
Ridge Ave., 13th Ave., 8Gth St., 25th Ave., to Gravesend Bay; returning by same 
route. Last night car leaves 39th St. Ferry, 12 o'clock; and Unionville 12.40 A. M. 
Transfers passengers at 65th St. and Third Ave., for Fort Hamilton only when coming 
from 39th St. ferry. Ss. 

Seventh Avenue line: From Ftilton Ferry, through Water, (Catharine ferry), to Washing- 
ton (Brooklyn Bridge,) to Fulton (City Hall and Cotu-t House,) to Boerum PI., to At- 
lantic Ave., by transfer at Long Island R. R. depot, to and from the Butler St. line; 
to 5th Ave., to Flatbush Ave., to 20th, to 9th Ave., connecting with Prospect Park and 
Coney Island R. R at 20th; returning by same route. Night cars leave 20th St., and 
7th Ave.: 12.29,12.59, 1.29, 1.59. 2.29, i'.59. 3.29, 3.59,4.29, 4.59, stopping at Bridge and 
transferring at Long Island R. R. depotto and from connecting at 5th Ave. cars. Leave 
Bridge: 1.05, 1.35, 2.05, 2.35, 3.05, 3.35, 4.05. 4.35, 5.(i5, 5.35. Tt. 

Sumner Avenue line: From Broadway ferries, through Broadway to Sumner Ave., to Ful- 
ton St., to Troy Ave., to Bergen St.; returning by same route. Last night car leaves 
ferry at 1.19; depot at 12.40. Uu. 

Third Avenue Electric Line: From Fulton Ferry, along Fvdton St., to Flatbush Ave., to 
3d ave to 25th St., to Greenwood Cemetery, connecting with trains to Fort Hamilton. 
Bay Ridge and Coney Island; returning by same route. Last night car from Ferry 
at 12.40 A. M. Vv. 

Tompkins Avenue Line: From Atlantic and Kingston Aves., along Kingston to Fulton, to 
Tompkins, also from Atlantic and Noscrand Aves.. along Nostrand to Fulton, to 
Tompkins Ave , to Harrison Ave., to Division Ave., to Roebling St., to Broadway, to 
Roosevelt and (jrand St. ferries; retin-ning by same route. Last night car from depot 
at 12.04 A. M. ; from ferry 1.20 A. M. Ww. 

Union Avenue Line: From City line at IMetropolitan and Flushing Ave., through Flushing 
Ave., to Throop, to Broadway, to Union Ave., to Driggs, to Van Cott, to Manhattan, 
to Greenpoint, to 10th and 23d St. ferries; also from Ridgewood, through Myrtle to 
Knickerbocker, to Flushing, and from Throop and Park Aves., througn Throop, to 
Flushing Ave., and also from Van Cott and Oakland, through Oakland to Box St., to 
Manhattan Ave. ; retiuning bv same route. This line transfers passengers to Flushing 
Ave. line at Throop and Flushing Aves., and also at Bushwick and Flushing Aves. to 
the Bushwick Ave. line. Xx. 

Van Brunt Street and Erie Basin Line: From Hamilton Ferry, through Hamilton Ave, to 
Van Brunt St., to the Erie Basin, through Elizabeth St., to Columbia St., Erie Basm 
Dry Docks; returning by same route. Transfer tJ Brooklyn City R. R. to Fulton 



272 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

Ferry passing all ferries; also by South Brooklyn Central R. R. from Hamilton Ferry, 
through Sackett. Hoyt and Bergen Sts.. to Albany Ave., and from Hamilton Ferry via 
Coney Island and Brooklyn R. R., to Prospect Park and Coney Isiaud. Yy. 
Vanderbilt Avenue Line: brom Fulton Ferry, through W;Uer (Cathenne Ferry), to Wash- 
ington, (Brooklyn Bridije) to Concord, to Navy, to Park Ave., to Vanderbilt Ave., to 
Park Plaza, (Prospect Park), to 9th Av-e., to Greenwood Cemetery, connecting with 
steam cars for (2!oney Island; returning by same route. Last night car leaves depot 
11:00, Bridge 11.45. Zz. 

Brooklyn Ferry iLines. 

To Jersey City, Exchange Place, (Penn. R."R. Depot.): From Fulton St., every 30min from 
6:30 A. M. to 11 P.M. Sunday boats the same as week days. During summer 
season every 20 min. between the same hoiu"s. Fare 10 cents. Connections made wii h 
the Fall River Line boats, leaving Brooklyn, Sundays included, at 4:30 P. M., daily 
and also with the day line. Steamers run during summer only, boat leaving Brooklyn 
except Sundays at 8 A. M. Fare 10 cents. 

To New Youk:— From Astoria to E. 92nd St., every 12 min. from 6 to 9 A. M.; then every 15 
min. to 4 P. M. ; then every 12 min. to 7 P. M. ; then every 15 min. to 9 :30 P. M. ; then 
every 20 min. to 11:50 P. M.; then every 30 min from 12:15 A. M. to 2:15 A. M.; then 
every 30 min. from 3 to 5:30 A .M. Sunday every 15 min. from 9 A. M. to 9 P. M.; 
every 30 min. before and after these hours. Fare 3 cents. 

From Atlantic Ave. to Whitehall St., every 12 mia. from 5 to 11 A. M.; then every 15 
min. to 2 P. M.; then every 12 min to 7 P.M.; then every 30 min. to 10 P.M. Sim- 
days, every 15 min. from 7 A. M. to 10.30 P. M.; then every 20 min. to 1 A. M. ; then 
every 30 min. to 5 A. M. Fare 2 cents. From 5 to 7:30 A. M. 1 cent, and from 5 to 7:30 
P. M. 1 cent. 

From Broadway to Grand St., every 12 min. from 5 A. M. to 10 P. M.; then at 10:12 A. 
M. ; then every 24 min. from 11 :48 P. M. ; then at 12:15 A. M ; then every 80 min. to 3:45 
A. M.; then at 4: 12, 4:36 and 5 A. M. Sundays, every 24 min. from 5 to 8 A. M.; then 
every 12 min. to 10 P. M. ; then the same as week day nights. Fare 2 cents. 

From Broadway to Roosevelt St., every 10 min. from 4:40 to 7 A. M. ; then every 8 min. 
to 7 P. M. ; then every 10 min. to 8 P. M. ; then every 20 min. to 10:40 P. M. ; then 
every 40 min. to 2:40 A. M. ; then every 20 min. to 4:40 A. M. Sundays, every20 min. 
from 4:40 A. M. to 10:40 P. M.; then every 40 min. to 4 A. M. Fare 3 cents. 

From Broadway to Twenty-third St., every 15 min. from 5 to 6 A. M. ; then every 12 
min to 9 P. M . ; then every 20 min. to 5 A. M. Sundays, every 20 min. from 5 to 8 A. 
M. ; then every 18 min. to 1 P. M. ; then every 12 min. to 10 P. M. ; then every 10 min. 
to 5 A. M. Fare 3 cents. 

From Fulton St. to Fulton St., every 10 min. from 5 to 7 A. M.; then every 5 min. to 7 
P M ; then every 10 min. to 10 P. M. ; then every 20 min. to 5 A. M. Sundays, ever 15 
min. from 7 A. M. to 10 P. M. ; then everv 20 min. to 12 midnight ; then every 30 min. to 
5 A.M. Fare 3 cents. From 5 to 7:30 A. M. 1 cent, and from 5 to 7:30 P. M. 1 cent. 

From Grand St. to Grand St., every 10 min. from 5 to 7 A. M. ; then every 10 min. to 12 
midnight; then every 20 min. to i A. M. ; then every 24 min. to 3 A. M. ; then every 20 
min to 5 A.M. Sundays, every 20 min. from 5 to 8 A. M. ;then 10 nun, to 12 mid- 
night; then every 20 min. to 1 A. M. ; then at 1:30 and 2 A. M. ; then every 24 min. to 4 
A. M. ; then eveiy 20 min. to 5 A. IM. Fare 2 cents. 

From Grand St. to Houston St., every 10 min. from 6 to 9 A. M.; then every 12 min. 
from 10 A. M. to 10 P. M.; then every 20 min. to 12 midnight; then every 30 min. to 
4:30 A. M.; extra boat 4:50 A. M.; every 12 min. from 5 to 6 A. 'M. Sunday, every 30 
min. from 5 to 8 A. M. ; then every 12 min. to 10 P. M. ; then every 20 min. to 13 mid- 
night; then every 30 min. to 5 A. M. Fare 2 cents. 

From Greenpoint Ave. to 10th St., every 15 minutes from 4:45 to 6 A. M., then every 18 min- 
utes to 9 A. M., then every 15 minutes from 2 P. M , then every 12 minutes to 7 P. M. ; 
then every 15 minutes to midnight. Sundays, every 15 minutes from 8 A. M. to 9 
P M., then every 30 minutes to 12 midnight. Fare 3 cents. 

From Greenpoint Ave. to 2;3rd St., every 15 mmutes from 4:45 to 6 A. M., then every 10 ram- 
utes to 9 A.M., then every 12 minutes to 2 P. M., then every 10 mmutes to 8 P. M. ; 
then every 20 minutes to 10 P. M., then every 15 minutes to 12 midnight, then every 
30 minutes to 5 A. M. Sundays, every 30 minutes from 5 to 7 A. M., then every 20min- 
utestoS A. M., then every 15 minutes to 2 P. M., then every 10 minutes to 7 P. M., 
then every 15 minutes to 9 P. M., then every 20 minutes to 12 midnight, then every 
30 minutes to 5 A. M. Fare 3 cents. 

From Hamilton Ave. to Whitehall, every 12 minutes from 5 to 6 A. M., then every 19 min- 
utes to 7 P. M.,then every 15 minutes to 12 midnight, then every 30 minutes to 
5 A. M. Sundays, every 15 minutes from 7 A. M. to midnight, then every 30 minutes 
to 5 A.M. Fare 2 cents. From 5 to 7:30 A. M. 1 cent, and from 5 to 7:30 P. M. 
1 cent. 



TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 373 

From Long Island City (Hunter's Point) to E. 34th St, at 12:10, 12:30 and 12:50 A. M , then 

every 30 minutes from 1 :15 to 4:15 A. M . , then at 4:40, 5:20 and 5:40 A . M., then every 

10 minutes to 8 A. M., then alternating every 7 and 8 minutes to 9:30 A. M. then every 

10 minutes to 4 P. M., then alternating ev^ry 7 and 8 minutes to 5:80 P. M, then every 

10 minutes to 12 midnight. Fare 8 cents. 
From Long Island City (Himter's Point) to James Slip, every 30 minutes from 6:30 to 8:30 

A. M., then at 9:05 A. M., then every 80 minutes from 9:30 A. M. to 7 P. M. Fare G 

cents. No boat on Sunday. 
From Main St. to Catherine St., every 10 minutes from 5 A. M. to 9 P. M., then everv 20 

minutes to 11:30 P. M., then every 80 minutes to 5 A. M. Sundays, every 10 minutes 

from 7 A. M. to 9 P. M., then every 20 minutes to 5 A. M Fare 2 cents. From 5 to 

7:30 A. M. 1 cent, and from 5 to 7:30 P. M. 1 cent. 
From Montague St to WaD St. , every 10 minutes from 6 A. M. to 7 P. M., then every 20 

minutes to 9 P. M, Fare 2 cents. No boat on Sundays. 
From, Sixty -fifth St., Bay Ridge, to Whitehall St, at 7:40, 8:40 and 9:40 A. M., and 4:40 and 

5:40 P. M. During summer season, every 30 minutes from 7:40 A. M. to 10:10 P. 

M, Fare 10 cents. No boats on Sundays. 
From Thirty-ninth St. to Pier 2 East River, every 30 minutes from 5:30 A. M. to 11 P. M. 

Sundays, every half hour from 7 A. M. to 11 P. M, Fare 5 cents. 

Long Island Sound Ferry liines. 

From several places on tlie north shore of Long Island steamboat lines 
run to points on the Connecticut shore, affording great convenience to resi- 
dents of the middle and eastern sections of the island to reach towns in 
New England states without taking the circuitous journey via New York. 
The passenger traffic by these routes is considerable, especially in the sum- 
mer time, and the freight traffic is large at all periods of the year. The 
rates of fare are very moderate as compared with the cost of going by New 
York. The places connected by such steam boat lines are as follows: Port 
Jefferson, L. I., and Bridgeport, Conn.; Huntington, L. I., and Norwalk, 
Conn.; and Sag Harbor and Greenport, L. I., and New London, Conn. Be- 
sides these lines there are boats which connect Greenport with the landings 
on Shelter Island, in Gardiner's Bay, and with Sag Harbor. 

Ocean Steamship Lines. • 

TO BRITISH PORTS. 

TO LINE. N. Y. CITY OFFICE. PIKR. 

Avonmouth Barber & Co 33 Broadway ... Atlantic Docks, Bklyn. 

Avonraouth Manhanset 19 Whitehall st Columbia Stores, Bklyn. 

Bristol Bristol City 19 Whitehall st Ft. W. 2Cth st., N. Y. C. 

Glasgow Allan-State .53 Broadway Columbia Stores. Bklyn. 

Glasgow Anchor 7 Bowling Green Ft. 24th st,, N. R., N. Y. C. 

Hull . .Wilson 22 State st Wilson Pier, Bklyn. 

Leith Arrow 29 Broadway Ft. W. 24th St., N. Y. C. 

Leith Barber & Co 33 Bi'oalway Atlantic Docks, Bklyn. 

Liverpool Beaver 19 Whitehall No regular pier. 

Mverpool Cunard 4 Bowling Green. . Ft.Clarksonst..N.R.,N.Y.C. 

Liverpool Guion 35 Broadway Ft. King st , N. R., N. Y. C. 

Liverpool Inman 6 Bowling Green Ft. Christopher St., N. R., 

N. Y. C. 

Liverpool National 27 State et Ft. W. Houston st., N.Y.C. 

Liverpool White Star 29 Broadway Ft. W. 10th st., N. Y. C. 

Liverpool ; ; -j ^ Rive? pl Je^.^^.^. ? [ Pi'oduce Exchange . . Martin's Piers, Brooklyn. 

Liverpool Sumner 18 Broadway No re2;ular pier. 

London Atlantic Transport — 4 Broadway Ft. W. 27th st , N. Y. C. 

London National 27 State st Ft. W. Houston st., N.Y.C. 

London Wilson 22 State st Wilson Pier. Bklyn, and 

Ft. 2d St., Hoboken. 
London Union 140 Pearl st Ft. Jefferson st., E. E., 

N. Y. C. 

London Carter Hawley 54 WaU st Ft. Market st., E.R., N.Y.C. 

London Hill 22 State st Prentice's Stores, Bklyn. 



274 CITIZEN GUIDE. 

TO BRITISH PORTS. 

TO LINE, N. Y. CITY OFFICE. PIER. 

London ' Saint 18 Broadway Prentice's Stores. Bklyn. 

Newcastle Wilson 22 State st Wilson Pier, Bldyn, and 

Ft. 2d St.. Hoboken. 

Southampton North German Lloyd . .2 Bowling Green Ft. 2d st.. Hoboken. 

Southampton Hamburg Am. Packet. 37 Broadway Fb. 1st st.. Hoboken. 

Swansea Bristol City 19 Whitehall Ft. W. 23th st., N. Y. G 

TO NORTH EUROPEAN PORTS. 

TO LINE. N. Y. C. OFFICE. PIER. 

Amsterdam -j ^YmeScln^^.^^."^.^." j" -" ^- ^^^^^ st Ft. 5th st., Hoboken. 

Amsterdam .. .... Barber & Co 33 Broadway .... Atlantic Docks. Bklyn. 

Antwerp Red Star C Bo'vling Green — Fc. Sussex st., Jersey Citv. 

Autweri) Sumuer 18 Broadway . No regular pier. 

Antwerp White Cross 27 S. Willium st Atlantic Docks, Bklyn. 

Antwerp Wilson 2,' State st Y/ils n Pier. Bklyn. 

Antwerp Antwerp 27 S. vvilliara st Atlantic Basin. Bklyn. 

Baltic Ports Hambvirg Am. Packet. 37 Broadway Ft. 1st st.. Hoboken. 

Bordeaux Bordeaux 27 S. WilJiauist.. .. Atlantic Docfo, Bklyn. 

Bremen North German Lloyd. .2 Bowling Green Ft. 2d st.. Hoboken. 

Copenhagen Barber & Co 35 Broa Iway Atlantic Docks', Bklyn. 

Denmark Thingvalla 27 S. Wilham st. Ft. W. 4th .st. Hobokt-n, 

Hamburg Union 27 S William st Atlantic Docks, Bklyn. 

Hamburg Hamburg Am. Packet. 37 Broadway Ft. 1st st., Hoboken. 

Havre -j SSSlantfque \ ^ ««^^^"° ^^^^^ ^t. Morton st.,N R.,N.Y.C. 

Norway Thingvalla 27 S. William st Ft. 4th St., Hoboken. 

Rotterdam Rotterdam ... . ..29 Broadway Ft. .5th st., Hoboken, 

Rotterdam Barber & Co 33 Broadway Atlantic Docks, Bklyn, 

Rotterdam ] ^ ^^eScan^^^.^^^.^.' I" ~'' ^- Wilham st Ft. 5th st., Hoboken. 

Stettin Thingvalla . ..'.'.'.'.'.'.' .' . .27 S. William st.. . . Ft. 4th st., Hoboken. 

SOUTH EUROPE A.N AND MEDITERRANEAN PORTS. 

TO LINE. N. Y. C. OFFICE. PIER. 

Azores. .*. -j ^'JJ^NavagaS?.'!^ } ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ Atlantic Docks, Brooklyn. 

Azores Islands Azores Islands Atlantic Docks, Brooklyn. 

Barcelona Fabre 33 Broadway Woodruff Stores, Bklyn, 

Lisbon ] ""ZTaUSao."!^ \ "° "-" ^^ ^"-"<= !'-'==• I"*°- 

Marseilles Fabre 33 Broadway Woodruff Stores, Bklyn, 

Marseilles \ ^STSav^gatilfu \ ^^ ^- WiUiam st Atlantic Docks, Bklyn, 

Mediterranean Ports.Florio Rubitino 29 Broadway Mediterranean Piers Bklyn 

Mediterranean Ports. ] Mediurranean&N. ( ^g Broadway MediterraneanPiers, Bklyn 

Mediterranean Ports, -j ^al?||i*^tali?na^^' I" ^^ Broadway Mediterranean Piers, Bklyn 

IMediterranean Ports. North German Loyd. . .2 Fowling Green Foot 2d st., Hoboken. 

Mediterranean Ports. Anchor 7 Bowling Green Union Piers, Bklyn. 

Portugal \ ^ Por^tu^g^ieleT.'^^^" I' ^^" ^^^^^^ ^*^ ^^'^^^^^^ ^°^^''' ^^^^''' 

Spain Puig & Emerson 4 Stone st No regular pier. 

TO SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PORTS. 

TO LINK. N Y. CITY OFFICE. PIER. 

Argentine Republic. N.Y. & River Plate. . .113 Wall st Ft. Pine st., E R.,N.Y. C. 

Barbados U . S . & Brazil Mail ... 19 Whitehall st Roberts' Piers, Bklyn. 

Belize ] ^ duS^''* ^ ^°^' \ ^~ Exchange Place . . . Pinto Piers, Bklyn. 

Bermuda Quebec S.'s. Co.. .!... 39 Broadway Ft Yf. lGthst..N. Y. City^ 

ErazU -j ^^^giver Plate ^^^ \ Produce Exchange . . . Martin's Piers, Bklyn. 

BrazU U. S. & Brazil Mail. . . . 19 Whitehall st Roberts" Piers, Bklyn, 



TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 275 

TO SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PORTS. 

TO LINE. N. Y. CITY OFFICE. LINE. 

nrn.7i\ ... Sloman 27 S. u iiliam st Roberts' Piers. 

Brazil ••■•;•" [Red Cross 112 Pearl st Martin's Piers, Bklyn. 

Br\zi\ Booths. S 88 Gold st Martin's Piers, Bkl^n. 

B lenos Avres.'.! ; .' . . .River Plate ^Wall st Empire Stores, Bklyn. 

Ciudad Bolivar Orinoco 87 Broad st Empire Stores, Bklyn . 

cSon . ..C.T Espanola., 80 Wall st Ft. Leroy St., N.R.,N.Y C. 

Colon ... Pacific Mail At Her Ft. Canalst., N.R., N.Y.-. 

Cuba (Havana) N. Y. & Cuba S. S. Co.ll3 Wall st Ft. Pine St , E. R., N. Y. r 

Cuba . . . . . "U. S. <& West India. . . .135 Pearl St Ft. Washington St., Bklyn. 

Cuba "".'.'.'. W^aydell --il Old Slip No regular pier. 

Cuba (Santiago) Ward T,^7^}^f S* ^.^?i1 f/' ? g-'S'?' T" 

,i„hn Munson 80 Wall st Ft. W all St., E. R.,N. Y. C. 

Curacoa'VV*.V..V.Red"D" 71 Wall st Roberts' Piers, Bklyn. 

Barien S. Brooklyn Saw Mill . 1(5 Beaver st Ft. Prospect ave. 

De narara . . Trinidad. 45 E.xchange Place. Ft. Wall st.. E. R., N. Y. C. 

Dominica. Quebec S. S. Co 39 Broadway Ft. W 10th St., N. Y. City. 

Havti (North) . Atlas 24 State st Ft. W. 25th st. , N. Y. City . 

TT y^j' . .Clyde S. S. Co 5 Bowiing Green Robinson's Stores, Bklyn. 

TT^vfi McCaldin Bros 79 Broad st Robinson's Stores, Bklyn. 

JSnaica (Kingston).. Atlas aiStatest.. Ft. VV. 25th st. N Y C^ty . 

Ja-Jiaica Kerr 41 Beaver st Ft. Morns st.,N. R., N Y C. 

T npi'nvra Red ''D" 135 Front st Roberts' Stores, Bklyn. 

Manaos •'• .'.Booth 83 & 90 Gold st Martm's Stores, Bklyn. 

Maracaibo * Red "'D" 135 Front st Roberts' Stores. Bklyn. 

Maranhouse ■ .' .' .* ." .' .'.'.. Booth 88 & 90 Gold st Martin's Stores, Bklyn. 

ivrp^ico Ward's 113 Wall st Woodruff Stores, Bklyn. 

vpxico "n Y.& Cuba Mail... 113 Wall st Ft. Wall st., E R., N Y C. 

Mexico . .Munson.. 80 Wall st Ft. Wall St., E. R.. N Y C. 

Montevideo Norton Line 90 Wall st Empire Stores, Bklyn. 

Na?sau..N.Y.& Cuba Mail... 113 Wall st Ft. Wallst., E. R., ^ Y.C. 

NaSaS.:::::: Bahama S.S.Co 63 Pine St. Ft. Finest., E. RN. Y. C. 

Para Booth • 88 & 90 Gold st Martm's Stores, Bklyn. 

Port au Prince -j ^^i^ia^^^^^ ^^^^ \ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^* Pierrepont Stores, Bklyn. 

Porto Rico N Y. & Porto Rico ". 76 Beaver st Atlantic Docks, Bklyn. 

Puerto Cabello Red '^D" 135 Front st Roberts' Stores, Bklyn. 

River Plate "I ^m^? piate^^'^ *^ [ ^^^"^^ Exchange.. Martin's Piers, Bklyn. 

Redondo Atlantic & Pacific.".". ' . .33 Broadway Atlantic Docks, Bklyn. 

St. Thomas U. S. & Brazil 19 Whitehall st Roberts' Piexs, Bklyn. 

San Dominffo Clyde 5 BowUng Green. . . .Robinson's Stores, Bklyn. 

VeLzS Red -'D'"'; .....: 135 Front st Ft. Jefferson st.,E.R.,NYC. 

Venezuela::::::::"::".Thebaud 87BroadSt 5°^P^''.^,^S'^^v^P 

Valparaiso Merchant's Hanover Square •£<^^^*'^L?.^P' ^ V n-+^ 

West Indies Quebec S. S. Co 39 Broadway Ft. W. 10th st., N. Y. City. 

West Indies \ ^*2i^"*^^* ^' ^' \ 32 Beaver st Pierrepont Piers, Bklyn. 

West Indies Trinidad.".".' .'.".'. .".'"*' " • -29 Broadway Union Piers, Bklyn^ 

West Indies Atlas 24 State st Ft. W. 25th st.,N Y. City. 

West Indies \ ^^^fantica ^'^'^' \ ^^ P^^^ ^°^''*^^' ^"P' ^^ ^^ ^'^'^• 

West Indies Anchor 7 Bowling Green. . . Union Stores, Bklyn. 

ASIATIC PORTS. 

TO LINE. N. Y. C. OFFICE. PfEK. 

Cfllpiitta Anchor 7 BowUng Green Union Stores, Bklyn. 

cfS uSfon 140 Pearl st Ft. Jefferson St., E.R., NYC. 

gSSI G^n .■;.:■. ..4 Broadway Ft. W. 27th st., N Y. City. 

PhiSt "Perry 69 Wall St.. Martin's Piers, Bklyn. 

iilJfa PeriT 69 Wall st Martin's Piers, Bklyn. 

Jeddah," etc. ■.".*.'.".■.'.".■ "Bacon" ". 23 Cotton ExchangcNo Regular Pier^ 

Jeddah, etc Loesser 23 Beaver st Martm s Pi^rs, Bklyn. 

Tanan Union 140 Pearl st Ft. Clinton St., ER, NYC. 

jaSaS P^rry."........ ...:.. ...69 Wall st Martin's Piers, Bklyn. 

Japan.. ".:.'.' .".*.■'.!'..... Glen 4Broadway No regular pier. 



276 



CITIZEN GUIDE. 



TO CANADIAN AND DOMESTIC PORTS. 

TO LINE. N. Y. CITY OFFICE. PIER. 

Alexandria, Va Old DominionS.S. Co. .2^5 West st Ft. Beach st., N. Y, City. 

Baltimore, Md Baltimore Line Ft. Rector st tt. Rector st., N. Y. City. 

Bangor&Belfast,Me..ISl.Y.,Me.&N.B.S.S.Co.l9 S. William st Ft. Clinton st, N. Y. City. 

Brunswick, Ga Mallory 3(32 Broadway Ft. Burling Slip, N. Y C. 

Bucksport, Me N.Y.,Me.&N.B.S.S.Co.l9 S. WiUiam st Ft Chntonst.,N. Y. City. 

City Point, Va Old Dominion 235 West st Ft. Beach st., N. Y. City. 

Charleston, S. C Clyde S. S. C 5 Bowling Green. . . Robinson's btores, Bklyn. 

Eastport, Me Mallory 36^ Broadway Ft. Burling Slip, N. Y. C. 

Fernandina, Fla. . . Mallory 3o2 Broadway Ft. Burling Slip, N. Y. C. 

Galveston, Tex Morgan 343 Broadway Ft. Spring st., N. Y. City. 

Galveston, Tex Mallory 362 Broadway Ft. Burling SUp, N. Y. C. 

Georgetown, S. C. . . .Clyde S S. Co 5 Bowliug Green. . . .Ft. Market St., N. Y. City. 

Halifax, N. S Red Cross 18 Broadway Robinsons Stores, Bklyn. 

Jacksonville, Fla. . . Merchants' 154 Maiden Lane l oenties Slip, N. Y. City. 

Jacksonville, Fla. . . Clyde S.S.Co 5 Bowhug Green Ft. Market st., N. Y. fity. 

Key West, Fla Mallory 363 Broadway Ft. Burling Slip, N. Y. C. 

New Orleans, La Cromwell At Pi?r . . Ft. Rector St., N. Y. City. 

New Orleans, La. . . Morgan 343 Broadway Ft. Biu-ling Slip, N. Y. C. 

Newcort News, Va. . .Old Dominion At Pier Ft. Barclay St., N. Y. C. 

Norfolk, Va Old Dominion . 23.5 West st Ft, Barclay st.. N. Y. C. 

Philadelphia, Pa Clyde S S. Co At Pier Kt. Oliver st., N. Y. City. 

Philadelphia, Pa Henderson & Co 27 South st Old Slip, M. Y. City. 

Pilley's Island Re 1 Cross 18 Broadway Robinson's Stores. Bklyn. 

Portland, Me Maine S. S. Co At Pier Ft. Market st., N . Y. C. 

Port Royal. S. C Mallory 362 Broadway Ft. Burling Slip, N . Y. C. 

Portsmouth, Va Old Dominion 235 West st Ft. Beach st , N. Y. City. 

Richmond, Va Old Dominion 235 West st Ft. Beach St., N. Y. City. 

St. John. N. B Mallory 362 Broadway Ft. Burling Slip. N. Y. C. 

St. Johns, N. F Red Cross 18 Broadway Ft. Warren st., Bklyn. 

Savannah, Ga. . . .Ocean S. S. Co Ft. Spring st Ft. Spring St., N. Y. City. 

Washington, D. C . . Old Dominion 235 West st Ft. Beach st., N Y. City. 

West Point, Va Old Dominion 235 West st Ft Beach St., N. Y. City. 

Wilmington, N. C — Clyde S. S. Co 5 Bowling Green Robinson's Stores, Bklyn. 

Piers and Warehouses of Brooklyn. 



FIRST DISTRICT. 

95th Street pier. 

both Street pier. 

42Qd & 4.3rd St. pitrs. 

Bush & Denslows Oil Refinery, 40th St., 
S. B. 

39th Street S B Ferry to Whitehall. 

Rogers yard, 27th & 38th Sts. 

Arnott stores, ft. of 7th St. 

Waverlv Sts., Dry Docks, 26th & 27th Sts. 

South Brooklyn Dock & Warehouse Co. 
ft. of 25th & 26th Sts.. S. B. 

Ahearn & McNeil's Yard, 25th St. 

Willard's Wharf, 24th & 25th Sts. 

White's Wharf, north side 24th St. 

Tebo's Pier, 23rd & 24th Sts., South Brook- 
lyn. 

Rogers Export Lumber Yard. 

Smith & Holder's Yard, 20th St. 

17th St., South Brooklyn Saw Mill Docks. 

Wood's Wharf or Estate of B. Richardson. 

Hamilton Avenue Bridge. 

GOWANUS CANAL NORTH TO BUT- 
LER STREET. 
Hobby & Doody's Lumber & Brick Yards. 
Booth's Stone Yard. 
Centre ot. 

Haggerty's Glass Works. 
Thompson's Coal Yard, 9th St. Bridge. 



Baker's Fertilizer Works. 

6th & 7 th Sts. 

Bond St. 

Litchfield's Lumber Yard. 

3rd yt. Bridge. 

Weber & Quinn's Yard. 

Keebeth's Yard. 

2nd St. 

Christian's Yard. 

Vesta Oil Works. 

1st St. 

Watson & Pittinger's Yards. 

Carroll St. 

Morton's Yard. 

Lidford's Yards. 

Kenyon & Newton's Yard. 

Union St. Bridge. 

Adams' Yard. 

W. H. & J. W. Vanderbilt's Yard. 

Wm. H. Murtha & Go's, "iards. 

Municipal Gas Co 

Kelly & Loughlin's Yard. 

P. G. Hughes Yard. 

Ross's Lumber Yard. 

WEST SIDE OF GOWANUS CANAL. 
Canal south of Hamilton Avenue Bridge. 
Gowanus Towing Co. 
Nelson's Bros. Yard. 
Bowne's Mill. 



TRAVELLERS' GUIDE. 



277 



Murphy &Truraby's Yards & Docks. 

Knickerbocker Ice Co. 

Smith St. 

Brooklyn Roofing Co's Yard. 

Standard Asphalt Yard. 

Court St. 

Downing & Lawrence's Marine Railway & 

Ship Yard. 
Clinton St. C. & R. Poillon'., Yards. 

ERIE BASIN. 

Erie Basin Break Water connected by boat 

with Beard's Stores. 
Long Dock. 

Wm. Mackay & Sons' Dry Docks. 
Pier 1, Erie Basin, Balance Dry Dock. 
Provincial Dry Dock, Pier S3 Erie Basin. 
Pier 2, Erie Basin. 
Sullivan's Stores & Dock. 
Pier 4, Erie Basin. 
Ender's Spar Yard. 
Erie Basin Dry Docks & Ship Yard. 
Anglo-American Stores. 
Storage Yard, ) 

New Pier, >- Richards' Store. 

Covered Pier, ) 
Beard's Store and Elevator. 
Van Brmit St. 
New York Warehousing Co. 
Burtis' Ship Yard. 
Merchants' Stores Van Dyke^'s. 
Grerman American's Stores. 
Johnson & Hammond's Rosin Yard. 
Mutual Company's Lumber Yard, 
Roosevelt & McDonald, ft. of Walcott St. 
Strahan's Tobacco Inspection. 
Washburn's Stores, 

ATLANTIC BASIN. 

Atlantic Basin contains: 

North Pintis Finth's Elevator. 

Indian Wharf. 

North Central Pier. 

East Central Pier. 

Commercial Wharf, Masters Elevator. 

Franklin Stores & McCorraick's Stores. 

Clinton Wharf Laimbeer's Elevator. 

South Central Pier. 

West Central Pier 

South Pier, Excelsior Elevator. 

HAT^ULTON AVENUE FERRY. 

Ward's Inspection Yard. 

U. S. Warehouse Co. , Iron Elevator. 

Union Stores — Sedgwick, Irving & Harri- 
son Sts. 

Anchor LineBrooklynHer & S.Co.'s Store. 
Store. 

Harrison St., 

Baltic Stores. 

Robinson's Congress Stores, Baltic & Con- 
gress Sts. 

Beard's Amity St., Stores. 

Cauda & Kane's Yard. 

Dow's Stores & Elevator. 

Stores & Elevator. 

South Ferry. (Atlantic St.) 

Woodrviff's Stores & Elevator. 

Prentice's Stores (Wilson Line.) 



Wall St. Ferry. 

Pierrepont Stores. 

Walsh St. , Stores, Mediterranean Fruit Dk. 

Roberts' Stores. 

Central Elevator for E. B. Bartlett & Co 

Harbeck's Stores. 

AVatsou's Stores. 

Mai'tin's Stores. 

Knickerbocker Ice Co. 

Jewell's Pier. 

Annex Boat to Pennsylvania R.R. and 

Fall River Boats. 
Fulton Ferry. 
Brooklyn Bridge Pier. 
Marston & Sons, Coal Yard. 
Fulton Stores. 
Empire Stores. 
Catherine St. Ferry. 
Muchmore's Coal Yard. 
Waydell & Co.'s Cooperage Yard. 
Arbuckle's Coffee Warehouse. 
Offerman & Heisenbuttel, Jay St., Stores. 
Delaware & Hudson Canal Co. ) 
Crabo & Wilson's Sugar Refin- V Bridge St. 

ery. 
Gold St. 

Atlantic White Lead Works. 
Brooklyn Gas Co. 

NAVY YARD, WALLABOUT CANAL, 

BROOKLYN, E. D. 
Piers 1 & 2. 

Wallabout Elevator & Mill. 
Taylor's Coal Yard. 
Cross & Austin's Lumber Yard. 
Nassau Gas Works. 
Wallabout Oil Works. 
Knickerbocker Ice Co. 
Moller, Sierck & Co.'s Sugar Refinery. 
Rush's Sugar Refinery Yard. 
People's Gas Light Co 
Decastro & Donner's Sugar Refinery. 
Grand St. Ferry, 
Roosevelt St. Ferry. 
S 9th St., Brooklyn. 
S. 6th St., Pier. 
Havemeyer & Elder Storage 
Havemeyer & Elder Sugar Refinery, from 

S. 5th to S 2nd. 
Brooklyn Sugar Refinery 
G. B. Remsen's Lime & Lath Yard. 
Grand St. Ferry to Houston and Grand 

Sts., New York. 
B. & O. Freieht Depot. 
N. 2nd St. WiJliamsbui^g. 
Havemeyf-r & Elder's Sugar Refinery. 
N. Y. C. & H. R. Freight Pier. 
N. Y. L. E & W. Pier. 
Pennsylvania Pier 

Lehigh Valley R. R. Elevator & Stores. 
North 10th St., Williamsburg Standard. 
The Williamsburg Gas Light Co. 
Pratt's Oil Works (N. 12th St., WilKams- 

burg). 
Taft's Spar Yard, 13th St. & 2nd St. 
Bushwick Creek. 

GREENPOINT. 

Quay St., Continental Iron Works. 



378 



CITIZEN GUIDE. 



Manhattan Compass & Pipe Factory. 

Bulmer Lumber Yard. 

Oak St. 

Noble St. 

Ship Yard. 

Greewpoint Fbhry to 10th St. and 23d 

St., New York. 
Kent St. 

Smith's Steam Saw Mill. 
Java St. 

J. C. Orr & Co's Box Factory, 
Rooney & Morgan's Yard. 
Huron St., Orr's Lumber Yard. 
H. Y. Dry Wood Extract & Chemical Co. 
Freeman St. 

C. Wyant's (Spar Yard). 
Newtown Creek, Greeupoint Side. 
Page's Cooperage Yard. 
Z. Bergen's Lumber & Stave Yard. 
I 'eeves & Church's Lumber Yard. 
Greenpoint Sugar Refinery, Havemeyer, 

Commercial St., Greenpoint. 
Chelsea Jute Mills. 
Manhattan Av. Bridge. 
Oleophine Yard Oil Works. 
Smith Spoke Works, 
Church & Co's Dock. 
Taintor's Dock. 



J. D. Leary Yard, 

Cedar Warehouse Co. 

Empire Refining Co's. Oil Works, Whale 

Creek. 
Kings County Refinery. 
BUssville Bridge. 
Central Refinery. 

Newtown Creek (Hunters Point Side). 
R. R. Dock. 
Arable's Dock. 
Creosote Yard. 

C. Provost Coal & Wood Yard. 
Simons' Docks. 
Tums' Lumber Yard, 
Burroughs' Yard. 
Export Lumber Co.. (Limited). 
McClave's Lumber Yard. 
L. I. R. R. Dkpot Ferry to Pine St. 
L. I. R. R Fer. Y to James' Slip and E. 

34th St. , New York.. 
L. I. R. R. Depot, 
L. I. Coal Docks 
Barber's Asphalt Works. 
Coe's Yard, Guano. 
Devoe's Oil Yard & Works, 10th St., L, I. 

Canal. 
Empire Oil Yard & Works. 



BROOKLYN STREET DIRECTORY. 



279 



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KEY TO THE MAP. 

In the following columns the capital letters from A to G, with 
the numbers following them, indicate the several squares on the 
map, and the letters following the word "by" designate the sur- 
face railways, by any of which points located in these squares 
may be reached. A key to the surface railroads will be found 
in th3 Traveller's Guide Chapter under Surface Railroads. 

A 5 by K, Z, R or G, Aa, Xx. 

A 6 by G, LI, K, R, Y, LI, Xx. 

A 7 by K, Z, G. 

B 4 by Z, LI, K, Jj.Ww, E, K, O, R, X.Y, Jj. Ll,Ww. 

B 5 by E, K, O, R, X, Y, Z, Aa, Jj, LI, Xx. 

B 6 by R, X, Y, Aa, J.i, LI. 

B 7 by X. 




Greenwood Cemetery by J. Dd, Vv, S, Ss. 

Calvary Cemetery by G, K or Z, LI, Xy, 

Erie Basin by L. 

Atlantic Basm by L. 

Cyprus Hills Cemetery by L. 

East New York by O. 

Prospect Park by Q, Jj. 

Flatbush by Q, Co. 

39th Street Ferry by S, Ss, 

Fort HamUton by Dd, Ss, Vv; S. 

Bay Ridge by Dd, Vv. 

Coney Island by Dd, Vv, 

Lutheran Cemetery by Kk. 

Holy Cross Cemetery by Oo. 

Gravesend Bay by Ss. 

Park Theatre by J, K, Q, U, V, W, Mm, Pp, Vv. 

Navy Yard by K, O, R, Y, Z. 



D 2 by K, V, Dd. 

D 3 by J, K, Q. U, V, W, Mm, Pp, Vv. 

D i by K, Q, U, V\^, Mm, Oo, Pp, Vv. 

D 5 by U, W, Z, Aa, Jj, Mm, Ww. 

D 6 by E, O, W, Mm, Ww. 

D 7 by E. M, O, W, li, Kk, Mm, Xx. 

D 8 by E, M, li, Kk, Mm, Xx. Rrr. 

D 9 by E, M, li. Rrr. 

D 10 by E, M, Rrr. 

E 2 by K, V, Dd. 

E 3 by J, V, Dd, Vv. 

E4b7 Q, if, Oo, Pp. 

E 5 bv U, Aa, Jj, Pp, "Ww. 

E 6 by U, Pp. Ww. 

E7by O, U,Pp. 

E8by L, 0,U. 

E 9 by L, O, U. 

F 1 by J, S, Dd, Ss, Vv. 

F 2 by J, S, Dd, Ss, Vv. 

F 3 by J, Dd, Vv. 

F 4 by Q, Jj, Oo. 

F5by Q, Jj, Oo. 

F 6 by Ww. 

G 1 by S, Ss. 

G 2 by S, Ss, Vv. 

G 3 by Vv. 

G 4 by Q, Oo. 

G 5 by Q, Oo, 



F 



6 



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INDEX. 



Abbott, Rev. Lyman 156 

Abraham & Straus a58 

Academy Fairs 28 

Academy of Photog^raphy 35 

Academy of Medicine. The Brooklyn 35 

''Academy of Music,'* The 26, 28, 82 

Academy Receptions 77 

Acme Club 183 

Acme Hall Billiard Saloon 58 

Adelphi Academy, The 84, ia3, 134 

Adams Express Company 260 

Aertsen, Huyck 4 

Afternoon Teas 29 

Aged, Home for the 147 

Agate Iron Works 196 

Ahwath Cheseds Cemetery 172 

Alcyme Boat Club 31 

Aldermen, The 88 

Algonquins, The 225 

Alsronquin Club 30 

Alhambra, The 85 

Almshouse 142 

Almshouse Nursery 142 

Alpine Club 183 

Anton Seidl 18 

Apollo Club 37 

Apprentices Library 8 

Appleton Publishing Co 109 

Amachmoor Boxers 50 

Amagansett 233 

Amaranth Dramatic Society 16 

Amateiu* Acu)r 16 

Amateur Acrors, List of Prominent 17 

Amateur Dramatics 18 

Amateur Oi^era Association 37 

AmacBiAr Phouographic League 160 

Amateur Tneatricals 16 

Ambulances 146 

American Amateur Bowling League. ... 55 
American District Telegraph Com- 
pany 120, 125 

American Express Company 260 

American Manufacturing Company 94 

American Manufacturing Company, 

Works of 95 

American Model Yacht Club ,'>2 

Amersf oort Athletic Club 183 

Amersf ort (Flatlands) 9 

Amity ville 200, 201 

Amity villa Yacht Club 201 

Amphion Academy 19 

Amphion Society.. 37 

Anderson's Piano Warehouse 259 

Anglo-American Dock Company 107 

Aquebogue 237 

Archery . 49 

Architecture 76,80 

Area of Brooklyn 1 



Arena of Sports and Pastimes 43 

Argyle Hotel DubUn 203 

Argyle Park 203 

Arion Maennerchor 37 

Arlington, The 81 

Art and Architecture 76 

Art Association 26, 34, 77, 82 

Artists of Brooklyn 78 

Art Club, Brooklyn 34 

Art Galleries 76 

Art Guild, Brooklyn 34,78,135 

Artists' Lake 218 

Art Organizations 77 

Art Receptions 26 

Art Schools 78, 135 

Art School, Pratt Institute 1.35 

Art Social 77 

Art Studios 78 

Arveme-by-the-Sea 189 

Ascot Heath, Racing at 12 

Astoria igg 

Astoria Ferry 191 

Asylums for the Yoimg, List of 149, 150 

Associations 39 

Associations and Clubs 30 

Association of Exempt Firemen 39 

Association for Improving the Condition 

of the Poor 151 

Athenaeum, The I6 

Athens HaU, Port Jefferson 219 

Athletic Sports 49 

"At Homes " 29 

Atlantic Basin and Docks 2, 105, 107, 109 

Atlanticville 229 

Atlantic Yacht Club 51,184 

Attendance Schools 128 

Aurora Grata 30 44 

Azores S S Line 109 

Babylon 75, 198, 202 

Babylon Pike 75 

Bachelor Germans 28 

Backbone of Long Island, The 193 

Baggage Checking System 260 

Baggage Inspection 256 

Baiting Hollow 217 

Baker's Tavern 12 

Bald Hills 217 

Ballamore 200 

Ballot Reform League .33 

Baptist Churches , 158 

Baptist Churches, List of 164 

Baptist Churches, Music in 163 

Baptist Churches, The Principal 159 

Barber S S Line . . 109 

Bartow, Mr. & Mrs. Edgar 156 

Baseball 45 

Baseball Clubs 45 



B02 



INDEX. 



Baseball Club Grounds 45 

Baseball Fields 51 

Bath Beach 184 

Battle of Long Island 11 

Battle Pass 70 

Battle of Long Island, Generals in . . . . 11 

Bay Head (Good Ground) 229 

Bayport 205 

Bay Ridge 183 

Bays of Long Island 238, 254 

Bay Side Cemetery 172 

Bayside, Farming District 214 

Bay Shore 201, 203 

Bayswater 198 

Bayswater Bluff 198 

Bayswater Yacht Club. - 198 

Bazaar, The Grand 96 

Beaver Dam 228 

Bedelltown 200 

Bedford 154 

Bedford Club 30 

Bedford Park 65 

Beecher, Rev. Henry ^ard..l53, 156,158, 23:3 

Beecher, Henry Ward , Home of 81 

Beecher, Lyman ■ 233 

Beef Markets 98, 102 

"Bee Hive"" The 154 

Belleport 215 

Belleport Bay 202, 216 

Belmont Estate, The 202 

Belverdere 7 

Beneficial Gun Club 183 

Benevolent Organizations 141 

Benevolent Society 151 

Benj, Downing Vacation Home 209 

Bennett, Wm. Adriaense 3 

Bensonhurst 184 

Bensonhurst Club 184 

Bensonhm-st Yacht Club 52 

Bentyn Jacques 3 

Bergen's Landing 74 

Berkeley, The Apartment House 82 

Berlin , 74 

Berlin VUlage 191 

Berri'sSons 259 

Beth Elohka 158 

Bethpage 200 

Bible Society, The Brooklyn 160 

Bicycle Clubs 62 

Bicycle Riding in ProspteCt Park, Rules 

for 62 

Bicycle Roads on Long Island, key to, . . 75 

Bicycling 61 

Bicycling Roads of Long Island 72 

Billiards 58 

Black Stump Road 75 

BlackweU's Island 190 

Blankley's (Restaurant) 258 

BUssviUe 189 

Block Island Sound 236 

Bloodgood Nurseries 213 

Blytheboume 184 

Board of Assessors.. 88 

Board of Education 89 

Board of Estimate 88 

BoatBuUding ... 93 

Boating in Prospect Park 67 

Boating & Shooting on Long Island 226 

Boats in Prospect Park 68 

Books 97 



Booth House, The 235 

Bordeaux, S. S. Line 109 

Boswijch, "Town of the Woods" 4 

Boswyk (Bush wick) 13 

Bout, Jan. Evertson 3, 4 

Bowen,Hy. C 8 

Bowen's. Henry C, Country Home 81 

Bowery Bay 189 

Bowling Alleys 56 

Bowling Clubs 55 

Bowling League, Playing Rules of 55 

Bowling Organizatioiis 56, 57, 63 

Bowne Mansion 213 

Box Major 11 

Boys High School 128 

Buck, Mr. Dudley 162 

Buckbee's Alley 8 

"Bucks" of Ii'ishtown 10 

Bull Baiting 13 

Burnett, Captain Luther 232 

Burt's Shoe Store 259 

Burying Grounds 172 

Bush Literary Society 35 

Bushwick Church 86 

Bushwick Democratic Club 34, 86 

Bushwick, First Church in 14 

Bushwick Park 65 

Business Centres 91 

Business Women's Union 40 

Buttermilk Channel 104 

Breeze Hill 221 

Brentwood 218 

Breslau 201 

Breuckelen 4, 154 

Bridge, The Brooklyn 90 

Bridgehampton 230 

Bridgeport, Ct 219 

Brighton Beach Driving Club 44 

Brighton Beach 185, 186 

Brizzi, Prof . Carlo 137 

Brizzl, Prof. Louis. . . 137 

Broadway Elevated Railroad 266 

Brooklyn Amateur Musical Club 37 

Brooklvn, Area of 1 

Brooklyn Art Club, 77 

Brooklyn Art School 135 

Brooklyn Art Association 34 

Brooklyn's Battle Field 10 

Brooklyn Bar Association, 39 

Brooklyn Basin 105,107 

Brooklyn, Bath & West End Ry 187 

Brooklyn Bicycle Club 44 

Brooklyn Bridge, The 5, 90 

Brooklyn & Brighton Beach Railroad. . . 267 
Brookljra Bureau of Charities. . .141, 142, 151 

Brooklyn Canoe Club 52 

Brooklyn's Cecilian Club 37 

Brooklyn Cemeteries 172 

Brooklyn Chess Club 38 

Brooklyn Choral Society 87 

Brooklyn Citizen 140 

Brooklyn City Government 87 

Brooklyn Club 30, 57 

Brooklyn College of Pharmacy 136 

Brooklyn's Development 1 

Brooklyn District Telegraph Company. ..125 

Brooklyn Driving Club 44 

Brooklyn Elevated Railroads 264 

Broooklyn Elevated Railroad Com- 
pany 188,265 



INDEX. 



303 



Brooklyn Entertainments.... 16 

Brooklyn Ethical Society 36 

Brooklyn Ferry Lines 272 

Brooklyn's First Church 154 

Brooklyn Furniture Company 259 

Brooklyn Gun Club 220 

Brooklyn, Growth of 182 

Brooklyn Hall Super-Extra Gazette 13 

Brooklyn Handicap 185 

Brookhaven 215 

Brooklyn Home for Aged Men 1 47 

Brooklyn Homoepathic Hospital 145 

Brooklyn Hospital 143 

Brooklyn Institute 28 

Brooklyn Institute of Arts and 

Sciences 36,129 

Brooklyn Institute, History and Descrip- 
tion of 36,129, 130 

Brooklyn Institute Library 130, 138 

Brooklyn Jockey Club 44 

Brooklyn Library, The 137 

Brooklyn Library, B-anches of. 137, 138 

Brooklyn Literary Union 35 

Brooklyn Maternity H spital 145 

Brooklyn M. E. Church Home 147 

Brooklyn Museum, The 6,8 

Brooklyn Orphan Asylum 150 

Brooklyn, Population of 2 

Brooklyn Ramblers 44 

Brooklyn, Revenue of 89 

Brooklyn and Rockaway Beach R. R 268 

Brooklyn Sasn^rerbund 38 

Brooklyn Savings Bank 81 

Brooklyn's Social Life 22 

Brooklyn's Social "Sets" 27 

Brooklyn Society of Vermonters. . 40 

Brooklyn Street Directory 279, 300 

Brooklyn Sm-face R. R. Company 268 

Brooklyn Tabernacle 153 

Brooklyn Theatre, The 19 

Brooklyn Theatre Fire 19 

Brooklyn Throat Hospital 145 

Brooklyn Times, The 140 

Brooklyn Tree Planting Society. 70 

Brooklyn Turn Verein 39 

Brooklyn Waterworks 90 

Brooklyn Yacht Club 51, 184 

Browmng, King & Co 259 

Brownsville 15 

Bryant, William Cullen 207 

Bryant Literai*y Society 35 

Bryant & Stratton's Business College 134, 135 

Cab Fares 261 

Cabs and Coaches 261 

Cable Cars in Brooklyn 288 

Cable Telegraph Companies 123 

Cable Telegrapti Rates. 124 

Cable Telegraph System 123 

CaeciUa Ladies Vocal Society 38 

Calvary Cemetery 1('2 

CaUister Factory 75 

Calvary Free P. E. Chiu-ch 155 

Cameraderie 30 

Cannon, Peter 6 

Canaan Pond 205 

Canarsie Grove 268 

Canarsie Landing 2c/8 

Canarsie Turtle Club 183 

Canarsie Village 268 



Canal Boat Life , , io6 

Canal-boatmen ]06 

Canal Boats, The Home of .. 106 

Canoeing 51 

Canoe Place 229 

Captain Webb 6 

Cap Tree Island 203 

Carlton Club 31, 44 

Carman's River 216 

Carriages in Prospect Park 69 

Carriages in Prospect Park, Charges for. 69 

Carroll Park 65 

Casino, The Garden City 210 

Casket's Sociables 26 

Cathedral of the Incarnation, Protestant 

Episcopal 210 

Cedarhurst 74, 197 

Cedar Hill Cemetery 219 

Cedarmere 207 

Celebrated Paintings 76 

Cemeteries 172 

Cemetery of the Evergreens 173, 174 

Cemeteries, Routes to 267 

Central Congregational Chm-ch. 163 

Central Forge Works 214 

Central Islip 212 

Centre Moriches , 216 

Central Park, L. I • 200 

Centreport 228 

Centreville Course 15 

Charities 141 

Charities, City 142 

Charities, General 151 

Charities in Brooklyn 141 

Charity Ball 26, 27 

Charity Performances 29 

Chandler, Prof 22S 

Chapman Collection of Pamtings 76 

Chatauqua Assembly 128 

Chautauqua Union, Brooklyn 34 

Cherry Point 14 

ChessClubs 57 

Chevra Benai Sholau 173 

Children's Aid Society 149 

Children's Home, Mineola 210 

Children's Play Ground 73 

Choirs, Vested 161 

Choral Club 38 

Chorus Choirs 162 

ChristChurch 83 

Christian Hook 198 

Christmas Attractions, 98 

Churches 153 

Churches in Brooklyn. Directory of 164 

Church Charities Foundation 'Society, 

P. E 151 

Church Charity Foundation society's 

Home for the Aged 148 

Churches, History of 153 

Church Music in Brooklyn 160 

Churches, Number of 153 

Church Property, Value of 153 

Church, P. E. Church 155 

Church of the Assumption, R, C 157 

Church of the Messiah 84 

Church of the Pilgrims 83, 153, 155, 163 

Chm-ch of the Reformation 162 

Chinches, Seating Capacity of 153 

ChiH-ch, the First in Brooklyn 154 

Cincinnati, The Cruiser Ill 



304 



INDEX. 



CircuitCourt 89 

Citizen, The BrooklyTi .. . 140 

City Hall 9,65,82 

City Hall Square 81, 82 

City Mission Home of Indiistiy 151 

City Park 10, 66 

City of Churches .13, 153, 161 

"Civic Set," The 27 

ClamsheU Road, The 197 

Clarendon Hotel 258 

Clarendon Restaurant 258 

Clarke House 235 

Clay, Henry 216 

Clergymen of Brooklyn — 164 

Clinton Avenue 27, 84 

Clinton, DeWitt 74, 229 

Chnton, Sir Henry 11 

Chnton street 83 

Clinton Street Presbyterian Church. ... 158 

Colonial Counsel 4 

Clubs and Associations 30 

Clubs for Working Boys and Girls 152 

Clubs on Long Island, Sporting 63 

Clubs, The Power of 29 

Coaches and Cabs 261 

Coach Fares 261 

Cob Creek 231 

Cob Dock 110 

CobbleHill 11,12 

Cocroft's,(R.)Sons 175 

Coenties Slip 7 

Cold Spring .. 223 

Cold Spring Harbor 75, 223 

Collectors of Paintings in Brooklyn. ... 76 

College Poiut 212,214 

CoUodeu Point 233 

Colonial Legislature, The 6 

Columbian Club 31 

Columbia Heights Parks 66 

Columbia Theatre 19 

Comae 221 

Commerce of Brooklyn 103 

Commerce of New York — 103 

Commissioners of Charities and Correc- 
tion 87 

Common Council ... 88 

Composers of Brooklyn 162 

Comstock Stock Farm 236 

Coney Island 185,188 

(^oney Island, How to Reach, 187, 188 

Congregational Churches 155 

Congregational Churches, List of. 165 

Congregational Churches, Value of 156 

Con;iregational Society, The 205 

Connetquot River 204 

Conservatory of Music, The Grand Ital- 
ian 136,137 

Conservatory of Music, the Groschel .... 137 

Constitution Club 31 

Comptroller, The 88 

Cooperage Works 104 

Coram 218 

Corbin, Austin 202 

Cordageand Machine Co.,The John Good 191 

Corkscrew Fort 11 

Corlear's Hook 7, 14 

Cornelhsen, Peter 4 

Cornell, Peter C 15 

Cornell-Pierrepont House, The 12 

Coruw^llis, Lord 11 



CoronerSj The 87, 88 

Corporation Counsel 89 

"Corporation House" 12, 13 

CotilUons The 28 

"Cottage Land" 203 

"Cottage Town" 215 

Gotten Jos 156 

County Auditor 87, 88 

County Clerk, The 87 

County Court House 9 

County Hospital 142 

Coimty Treasurer, The 87, 88 

Court Houses, The 82 

Courts, The 89 

Courts, The Federal 112 

Court St 82 

Cow Harbor 221 

Cow's Neck 207 

Cowperthwait Company 259 

Cox, Henry T., Art Collection of 77 

Crab Fishing 237 

Crematory, The 180 

Crescent Athletic Club 31, 52, 184 

Cricket Clubs 46 

Cripple Bush 154 

Cross, Austin & Co's Lumber Yards 109 

Croquet 48 

Cruger Mrs. S. Van Rennsaellcr 209 

Cuflfey Rev. Paul 229 

Cumberland Square 66,67 

Curling 53 

Customs Regulations 256 

Cutchogue 226,236 

Cutler Rev. Henry Stephen 161 

Cutting Robert Fulton 205 

Cuyler Rev. Theo. L 158 

Cypress HiUs 15 

Cypress Hills Cemetery 172, 173 

Dana, Chas. A., Home of 208 

Dancing Classes 28 

Dannites Chess Club 57 

Daughters of the Revolution, The 40 

Day Nurseries 151 

Day Nurseries, the Principal, in Brook- 
lyn 151 

DaySchools 127 

Deaf Mutes, Institute for 1 52 

Decorative Art, Society of 152 

Democratic Club 33 

Dental Society, The Brooklyn 36 

De Nyse's Ferry 11 

De Silver, Carl H., Colleotion of Paint- 
ings 77 

Du'cksen, Jans 4 

Diet Dispensary 146 

Dispensaries — 146 

Dispensaries, List of 146 

Directory of Sporting Localities, 64 

Distilleries in Brooklyn . 13 

District Attorney 87, 88 

Dix, General 228 

Dix Hills 217 

Dix, Rev. Dr. Morgan 228 

Docking Business of Brooklyn 104 

Docks and Harbor . 103 

Docks, Charter of 105 

Docks of Brooklyn 103 

Docks, Value of 104 

Dominican Home ..< 149 



INDEX. 



S65 



Bongan Oak, The 70 

Dosoris 208 

Dorosis Lane 208 

Dramatic Societies, Amateur, List of . . . 17 

Dramatic Stock Companies 19 

Driving Clubs 44, 61 

"Domine Johnson" 5 

Donnelly's Olympic 19 

Dr. Behrend's Church 85 

Dr. Talmage, Home of 84 

Dr. Meredith's Church 85 

Drugs ...., 98 

Drug Store, Livingston's Mammoth 98 

Dry Goods 97 

Druggists' Prescriptions 99 

Dry Goods Houses 94, 95 

Diy Goods Houses, Eastern District . . 95 

Dry Goods Stores in Brooklyn 258 

Duffy's Chop House 258 

Du Flon Family 6 

Douglaston 214 

Dunham, Daniel 14 

Dunton 196 

Dry Docks 107 

Dunton Field Club 196 

Dutch Church, The First 9 

Dutch Kills 189 

Dutch Reformed Church on the Heights 81 
Dutch Society, Early 23 

Eagle Building 82 

Eagle Hotel.... 258 

Eagle, The Brooklyn 140 

East Bay 226 

Eastern Dispatch & Delivery Company. 260 

Eastern District, The 13 

Eastern District, The, Architecture in. . 86 

Eastern Parkway 74 

East Hampton 225^232 

East Hinsdale 196 

East Marion. 235 

East Neck 222 

East New York 11. 15, 194 

East Northport 222 

East Patchogue 206 

Eastport 215,216,227 

Eastport Creek 227 

Kast River 4, 104 

East River Ferries 188 

East River Gas Co 191 

East River Tunnel, 191 

East Rockaway 199 

East Williston 75, 207 

Eaton'sNeck 221 

Ecclesiastical Institutions 171 

Eckford Club 31 

Edgewater Stock Farm 214 

Educational Institutions 126, 135 

Effingham Park 202 

Elder Island 211 

Elevated Railroads in Brooklyn 265 

Elevated Railroad, The Brooklyn. . . . 265, 267 

Elevated Railway, Kings County 267 

Ehvood 222 

Emerald Association 40 

Emerald Ball, The 27 

Emanuel Baptist Church 84, 163 

Englis, Charles M 100 

Entertainments, Brooklyn 16 

Equestrian Sports 61 i 



Erie and Brooklyn Basins 107 

Erie Basin 105 

Erie Canal 105 

Ethical Society, The Brooklyn 36 

Evangelical Society 160 

Evening Schools 127 

Evergreens Cemetery 172,173 

Evergreens Cemetery, Means of Reach- 
ing .174 

Evergreens Cemetery, Mortuary Art in. 175 

Evergreens, The 173 

'■Everything for Everybody" 97 

Eye and Ear Hospital 145 

Excelsior Club 31 

Expresses 259 

Express Companies, The Principal 2.59 

Express Money Orders 256 

Express Offices 259 

Factories 1 

Factory Girls' Improvement Club 152 

Faith Home for Incurables 145 

Farmers of Suffolk County 230 

Farmingdale 75, 194, 200 

Farming on Long Island 197 

Far Rockaway 189, 197, 198 

' 'Fasching Thursday in Venice" 28 

Fashionable Centres 27 

Federal Building, The 82 

Federal Courts 112 

Female Employment Society 152 

Fencing. 58 

Fenbm-st 197 

Ferry Lines, Brooklyn 272 

Ferry Lines on Long Island Soxmd 373 

"Ferry," The 4 

Field and Marine Club 31 

Fifth Avenue Elevated Railroad 266 

Finance and Trade 91 

Financial Institutions, 91 

Financial Quarter 82 

Fire Department Headquarters 83 

Fire Island 201 

Fire Island Beach 203 

Fire Island Hotel , . 203 

Firemen's Hall 8 

First Baptist Church I'iS 

••First Commissioner of Marriage affairs" 23 

First Dutch Reformed Chm-ch 80 

First Reformed Church 154 

Fishermen's Paradise of... , 198 

Fisher's Island 236 

Fisher's Island Sound 236 

Fish Hatchery, Cold Spring Harbor. ... 223 

Fishing Clubs 60 

Fishing Resorts 197 

Fish, Latham A., Art Collection of 77 

Fish, Seasons for. . . 60 

Fitzhugh Mr. Edward J 162 

Flatbush 11, 15, 87,182 

Flatbush Avenue 73 

Flatbush (Midwout) 9 

Flatbush, Population of 183 

Flatlands 87, 182, 183 

Flatlands (Amersfort) 9 

Flatlands, Population of 183 

Floral Displays 176 

Floral Park 196 

Flowers in Cemeteries 176 

Flushing ..75,191,193,212 



ao6 



INDEX. 



FlusMng Athletic Club 213 

Flushing Bay 74, 212 

Flushing Boat Club 213 

Flushing's Industries 213 

Flushing Iron Works 213 

Flushing Mihtary Academy 213 

Flushing's Society 214 

Flushing Towa Hall 214 

Flushing Cemetery 176 

Flying Point 231 

Football 46 

Foreign Letters 117, 118 

Forge 216 

Forge River 216 

Fort Box 11 

Fort Greene 9, 11, 12, 72, 84 

Fort Greene Place 101 

Fortifications, American, The 12 

Fort Pond Bay 233 

Fort Putnam 10 

Fort Hamilton 105, 184 

Fort Hamilton Avenue 73 

Fort Lafayette 105, 184 

Fort Wadsworth 106 

"Forty Acres" 10 

Fosdick, Judge 195 

Foster's Meadow 197 

Fountains in Brooklyn 79 

Foiuteenth Regiment 8 

Fox, R. , & Co 259 

Fi-anklin Literary Society 35 

Frankhn Trust Company 82, 91 

Frankhn Trust Company's Building 93 

Franklin Trust Company, Capital of 93 

Frankhn Trubt Company. Ofiacers of 91 

Free Methodist Churches 157 

Freeport. 75, 199 

Freeport Bay 199 

Freeport, Industries of 200 

Free Scholarships 128 

Fresh Pond 221 

Fresh Pond Crematory 180 

Friendless Women and Children, Society 

for Aid of 152 

Friends Academy 209 

Friends Cemetery, The 176 

Fruit Market 100 

Fulton Ferry 3, 24 

Fulton St., Architecture of 83 

Gage's Chop House 258 

Gage and Tollner (Restaiu-ant) 258 

Game Laws of Long Island 59 

Game on Long Island 217 

Game on Long Island, Seasons for 226 

Garden City 191, 210 

Gardiner's Bay. 235 

Gardiner Homestead, The 233, 235 

Gardiner's Island. 225, 234, 235 

Gardiner, Lyon 225 

Garfield Building 82 

Gasworks 104 

Gazetteer of Long Island 238, 254 

General Hospitals 143 

Gentlemen's Driving Park 219 

George Washington 70 

Georgica Lake 226, 232 

German Evangelican Churches 159 

German Evangelical Churches, List of. . 165 
German Evangelical Home 148 



German Evangelical Aid Society 151 

German Methodist Episcopal Churches, 

List of 167 

German.R. C. Orphan Asylum . . . . . . . 149 

German Society of Charities 152 

Germania Club 32, 83 

Gilgo Beach ' .'.'//. , gOl 

Gihnans Restavu-ant .,..." 258 

Gilmour's Band i87 

Girls High School 127 

Glen Cove 2O8 

Glen Cove Athletic Club 208 

Godwin Parke 207 

Golf Club ; 230 

Gonzales, The Murder of 10 

Good Citizensliip League of Women 213 

Good Ground (Bay Head) 229 

Gordon, Julian 209 

Governor Dongan 5 

Government and Public Works 87 

Gowanus 3, 154 

Gowanus Bay 103, 105 

Gowanus Canal i05 

Gowanus Cove il 

Gowanus Creek n 

Gowanus Kill 5, n 

Grace M. E. Church 156 

Grace, Wm. R., 214 

Graham Instution 147 

Grain Depot 93 

Grain Elevators 105 

Grand Bazaar, The 95 

Grand Bazaar, Means of Reaching, "Bon 

Marche" 98 

Grand Hotel 258 

Grand Italian Conservacory of Music. 136, 137 

Granite Works 175 

Gravesend 9, 87, 182,184 

Gravesend Bay 44, 183 

Graves, Robert 84 

Graves Turnpike 73 

Gray Thirteenth, The 85 

Grayson, CUfford 231 

Greater Brooklyn 194 

Great Neck 212 

Great Pond 237 

Great South Bay 193, 201 

Great South Bay Yacht Club 204 

Great South Beach 205 

Great South Shore Road 75, 201 

Groschel Conservatory of Music 137 

Greeley Expedition 207 

Greenlawn 222 

Greenpoint 141 

Greenpoint Home for the Aged 148 

Greenport 75, 233, 235 

Greenville 205 

Greenwood Cemetery 172, 176 

Greenwood Cemetery, How Reached 178 

Greeowood Cemetery, Monviments in. 176, 177 

Grosvenor, The 82 

Guide to Brooklyn Shopping Districts. . . 258 

Gull Islands 234, 236 

Gvm Clubs 58 

Gynaecological Society, The Brooklyn. . 36 

Habitues, Home for 145 

Hall, Rev. Chas. H 161 

Hall, WilliamH., Florist 176 

Hall of Records 87 



INDEX. 



307 



Halls, Public Directory of 21 

Hamilton, Alexander 195 

Hamilton Club, The 34, 32, 44, 58, 83 

Hamilton Hamilton 231 

Hamlets on Long Island 1 238, 254 

Hamptons, The 225, 227 

Hand BaU 63, 64 

Hanover Club 32 

Hanover Gun Club 59 

Hanson Place M. E. Church 156 

Harbor and Docks 108 

Harbor Hill 20 218 

Hare and Hounds 50 

Harper Brothers, Publishers 156 

Harper, Joseph 156 

Harrison, Gabriel 18 

Hart, James H., Co 259 

Hauppauge 221 

Havemeyer Sugar Refinery 104 

Hay Ground 232 

Headquarters for Bargains 98 

Healy 's Collection of Paintings 77 

Hebrew Benevolent Society 151 

Hebrew Orphan Asylum 27, 85, 150 

Hebrew Synagogues 159 

Helping Hand Society 160 

Hemlock Beach 201 

Hempstead 75 

Hempstead and Vicinity 209 

Hempstead Bay 199 

Hempstead Bay iacht Club 211 

Hempstead, Cliurches in 211 

Hempstead, Fox Hunting at 12 

Hempstead Harbor 208 

Hempstead Harbor Yachc Club 208 

Hempstead Plain 196 

Hempstead Town Hall 2l2 

Hempstead Village 211 

Henry Ward Beecher 8 

Hermitage 236 

Hessian Soldiers 11, 70 

Hewlett's 197 

Hiekson, Rev. Woodward.... 156 

Hickson, Woodman 8 

Hick's Post Tavern 70 

Highland Park or Ridgewood Park — 66, 71 

High Schools, Brooklyn 127,128 

High School, Rockville Centre 199 

Hinsdale 196 

Historical HaU 18 

Historic Landmarks 3 

Historic Landmarks in Prospect Park. .. 70 

History of Brooklyn, Early 3 

Hoagland, J. C , Art Collection of 77 

Hoagland Laboratory, The 36, 83,136 

Hoeber, Aj-thvu: 331 

Holder's Restaurants. 258 

Hoffman Boulevard 74 

Hog Neck 233 

HoUis "A^m 

Holmes' Star Theatre 19 

Hohsville 217 

Holy Cross Cemetery 178 

Holy Trinity Cemetery 178 

Holy Trinity Church 80, 82, 155, 161 

Holy Trinity Church, E. D 86 

Home for the Aged 147 

Hame for Aged Colored People 148 

Home for the Aged of the LltLle Sisters 
of the Poor 143 



Home for Consumptives 145 

Home for Destitute Children 26 

Home of the Good Shepherd 151 

Home of Industry 151 

Homeopathic Hosp'tal 8 

Homeopathic Medical Society of K. C . . 36 

Hooley's Opera House 19 

Hopewell Junction 74 

Horse Racing 61 

Hospitals 143 

Hospital, County 14i 

Hospitals , General, List of 1 15 

Hosoitals, Special, List of 145 

Hotel Boswyck 258 

Hotelsof Brooklyn 257 

Hotel Brunswick 258 

Hotel de Paris 258 

Hotel Regent 258 

Hotel St. George 258 

Hounds 50 

Howe General H 

Hudson, Henrik 232 

Humane Societies 152 

Huut-a-Fly Road. 15 

Hunter's Point 189 

Hunter's PointFerry 191 

Huntington 222 

Huntmgton Bay 221 

Huntington, Churches of 223 

Huntington Opera House 323 

Huntington School, The 223 

Huntington Social Club 223 

Huntington Volunteers Memorial 222 

Huskin's (Dr.) Church 155 

Hyde & Behman's Theatre 19 

Hyde Henry B 203 

Ice Boating 54 

Idle Hour Stables 204 

Illustrators of Brooklyn 78 

Impoited Goods in Bond, Value of 104 

Incineration 180 

Independent Meeting House 155 

Indoor Sports 55 

Industrial Schools 127, 149 

Industrial School Association 149 

Industries of Brooklyn 93 

Inebriates Home 151 

Inn and Cottage Co 230 

Insane Asylum 142 

Institute of Arts and Sciences 76, 77 

Institute or University Park 66 

Inter-Club Bowling 27 

Inter-Club Bowhog League 56 

Introduction 1 

Inwood 198 

Iphetonga 3, 8, 26, 39 

Iphetonga Ball, The 29 

"Irishtown" 10 

Iroquis Indians 199 

Isle of Wight. 197 

Islip....... 201 

IsUp Village 200 

Jackson, John. 10 

Jagger, Ransom 227 

Jail, The Kings County 143 

Jamaica 194 

Jamaica Bay 3, 74, 189 

Jamaica Churches 195 



308 



INDEX. 



Jamaica Club 195 

Jamaica Pass 11 

Jamaica Plank Koad 74, 75, 195 

Jamaica, Population of 195 

Jamaica South Plank Road 74 

Jamaica Town Hall 195 

Jamaica Turnpike 7 

Jamaica, Value of Realty 195 

Jamaica Village 194 

James, John S., Collection of Paintings. 77 

Jamesport 226, 237 

James Slip Ferry 190 

Janes M. E. Church 156 

Jericho 224 

Jericho Pike 75 

Jersey, Prison Ship, The 72 

Jewish Synagogues 159 

Jewisn Synagogues, List of 166 

"Jim Remsen's House" 195 

Jobbing Houses 93 

Johnson, Evan M 5 

Johnson's Resort 6 

Jones, Edward Lloyd 200 

Joralemon HiU 7 

Joralemon, Tunis 9 

Journey & Burnham 258 

Judaism 159 

Jute Fabrics 94 

Jute Industry, Importance of 94, 95 

Jute Manufactm:"e ^ 94 

Jute Mills 94 

Jute Mills, Capacity of 95 

Juvenile Asylums and Schools 149 

"Keike" or Lookout 4 

Kelly, T. & Co 259 

Ken/on. W. W., Art Collection of 77 

Kieft, Governor 3, 4, 13 

Key to Street Directory Map 279 

Key to Surface Railways in Brooklyn. . . 268 

Kidd, Captain 235 

Kindergartens, Free 128 

King, Gen. John A 195 

King, Rufus 195 

Kings County Club 30 

Kings County, Debt of 88 

Kings County Elevated Railw^ay 267 

Kings County Jail 143 

Kings County Medical Association 36 

Kings County, Revenue of 88 

Kin2:s County Towns 182 

Kings Coimty Wheelman 44 

Kings Highway 73 

Knickerbocker Club 32, 44 

Knickerbocker Field Club 183 

Knickerbocker Hall 26 

Koch, S 259 

La Crosse 45 

Ladd, John B., Art Collection of 77 

Ladies' Benevolent Associatioa 151 

Ladies' Literary Club 219 

Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church. 158 

Lafayette Club 34 

Lafayette, Reception of 6 

Lake House, IsUp 204 

Landlord Loosley 12 

Larassey, Rev. Phillip 157 

Laurel Hill 191 

Laurclton 222 



Lawn Bowls i . . . 49 

Lawn Tennis 47 

Lawn Tennis Rules 48 

Lawrence 74, 197 

Lawrence Club '. .^ 32 

Lawyers' Title .Insurance Co 93 

Lebanon Mission 152 

Lefferts Park 66, 184 

Letter Boxes 114 

Letters, Dehvery of 118, 119 

Letters, Foreign 118 

Letters, Special Delivery 119 

Lexington Avenue Elevated Railroad . . . 266 

Libraries of Brooklyn 137, 139 

Libraries, List of 138, 139 

Liebmann Brothers 258 

Liebman Building 83 

Life Lane Mission and Home 152 

Life Saving Stations • . . 237 

Lmcoln Club 32, 44, 84 

Lincoln^tatue of 91 

Linden HiU Cemetery 178 

Lindenhurst 201 

Lisbon S. S. Line. . . 109 

Litchfield Ed. H. , Collection of Statary . 77 

Litchfield Mansion 27 

Literary Clubs 34 

Little Neck 214 

"Living Whist" 28 

Livingston's Mammoth Drug Store 98 

Livingston, Philip L 

Lloyd s Neck 222 

Lloyd's Point Lighthouse 223 

Locust Grove 224 

Locust Valley 209 

Loeser, Frederick & Co 259 

Long Branch Hotel 258 

Long Beach 189 

Long Distance Telephone Service 122 

Long Island 193 

Long Island, Area of 2 

Long Island Business College 135 

Long Island Camp Meeting Association 200 

Long Island, Central Section of 2i5 

Long Island City 104, 111, 189 

Long Island City Churches 190 

Long Island City, Factories in 190 

Long Island City, Leading Firms 191, 19\? 

Long Island City, Population of 90 

Long Island Club 24 

Long Island College Hospital..83, i;%, 136,144 

Long Island Country Club 216 

Long Island Express Company 260 

Long Island Historical Society 81 

Long Island Historical Society's Library 138 

Long Island Gazatteer 238, 254 

Long Island Historical Society 35 

Long Island Improvement Co 230 

Long Island Live Stock Fair Association 223 

Long Island, Population of 2 

Long Island Railroad 190, 261 

Long Island Railroads 26->i 

Long Island Rowing Association 52 

Long Island, Scenery of the Eastern 

End of 226 

Long Island Sound Ferry Lines 873 

Long Island Sporting Club 63 

Long Island Sportsmen's Club 227 

Long Island Stage Lines and Connec- 
tions 265 



INDEX. 



309 



Long: Island Steamboat Lines 264 

Longr Island Telephone Service 122 

Long Island— The Eastern End 225 

Long Island Throat and Lung Hospital. 145 

Long Island, West Side of 207 

"Lookout" 14 

Lookout Hill (Prospect Park) 69 

Low, Seth, Home of 81 

Lore tto House . . 152 

Losee House, Roslyn 208 

Loughlin, Very Rev. John 157 

Lubbertsen, Fredk 5 

Lubbertsen's Neck 5 

Lumber Yards 104, 109 

Lutheran Cemetery 178, 191 

Lutheran Church 159 

Lutheran Churches, List of 168 

Lyall Art GaUery 76 

Lyceiun Days 24 

Macphela Cemetery 178 

Mail Order Department, Grand Bazaar. . 97 

Maimondes Cemetery 179 

Manhasset 207 

Manhanset Club 32 

IVl mhanset House 834 

Manhattan Beach 185, 186 

P4annettohill 200 

Manorville 215, ^^Z7 

Vlauorville (Manor) 217 

Mansion House 258 

vianufactiuing Districts, Brooklyn 93 

Manufactured Products, Value of 93 

Manufactures, Value of 1 

Maple Grove Cemeteries 179 

Mapleton 184 

Marble Works 175 

Margaret, The 81 

Ma/kets 101 

Market Gardening 197 

Market, The Wallabout 99 

Marme and Field Club 51, 52, 184 

Marine Hotel 189 

Mariae Pavilion 198 

Marine Railways 107 

Marseilles S. S. Line - . 109 

Martense 184 

Martin's Private Art Collection 76 

Martyn's Hook 10 

Martyn Jan 10 

Maryland Regiments 11 

Mashomacky Point 233 

Mason, Isaac 259 

Mason, John, Collection of Paintings . . 77 

Mispeth 191 

Massapequa 191, 200 

Massapequa "hops'' 200 

Massapequa House 200 

Massapeque Lake 200 

Mastic 216 

Mattituck 236 

Matinnecock 209 

Maurice Daly's Billiard Saloon 58 

Mavor The 87. 89 

Meadow Brook Hunt Club 212 

Means of Communication 112 

Meat Markets 98, 102 

Mecox 232 

Mecox Bay Ti.2Q 

Mecox Inn 232 



Medford 217 

Medical Schools 135 

Medical Societies * 37 

Megapolensis, Dominie 154 

Memorial Arch 79 

Merrick 200 

Merrick Road 75 

Merry Eng.iand 23 

Mery ckamic y, 4 

Meryckamic, The "Bend of" 9 

Meserole Peter 14 

Messenger Call Boxes 184 

Messenger Rates 124 

Messenger Service 124 

Methodist Camp Meeting 200 

Methodist Cemetery 179 

Methodist Episcopal Church, Music in . . 163 
Methodist Episcopal Churches, List of . . 166 

M. E. Churches, Colored 156 

Methodist Episcopal Churches (.Colored), 

List of 167 

Methodist Episcopal Churches, Value of 157 

M. E. Hospital 144 

Methodist i^'ree Church 167 

Methodist Protestant Churches. ..156, 1.^7, 167 

Metropolitan Association 208 

"Mexico," The Ship 198 

Middagh, Jno 154 

Bliddie Island 218 

Middle Village TiUTipike 74 

Mxdwood (Midwout) Club 32 

Midwout Club 44, 183 

Mxdwout (Flatbush) 9, 154 

M.dwout (M.dciJewoods) 182 

Milourn 199 

Sjiloum Channel 199 

]\j.uibary Academy of St. Paul's 210 

IVxixitary Garden, The 6 

Miht-ia, The 89 

Mill Creek . . . • 238 

MillRiver 199 

Millers Place 218 

Mineola 195, 210, 207 

Mineola Fair Grounds — 207 

Miscellaneous Churches 159 

Miscellaneous Clubs 38 

Mollenhauer Sugar Refinery 104 

Monastery of the Precious Blood 84 

Money, Facilities for transmitting 256 

Money Orders, Express 256 

Money Order System 115 

Money Orders, Telegraphic 257 

Montague Street 82 

Montague Street Hill 80 

Montauk Association 233 

Montauk Club 33, 56, 86 

Montauk Indians 233 

Mantauk Peninsula 233 

Montauk Poiat 226, 233 

Monuments of Note 175 

Monumental Works 175 

Morgue, The 143 

Rloriches 216 

Morrell, Thomas 14 

Morris Park 196 

Morse. Chas. H 163 

Mortuary Art in Evergreen Cemetery ... 175 
Mortuary Art in Greenwood Cemetery. 

79, 176, 177 
MQWnt Hope Cenaetery 179 



310 



INDEX. 



Mount Misery 218 

Mount Neboh Cemetery 179 

Mount Olivet Cemetery 179, 191 

Mount Sinai 218 

Mrs. Chester's Coffee Room 6 

Mrs. Field's Literary Club 35 

Mullin & Sons 259 

Music. Composers of, in Brooklyn 162 

Music Halls 20 

Music in Brooklyn Cburches 160 

Music Schools . . . . 13> 

Musical Club r7 

Musical Societies 37 

Musical Societies, the Prominent ] S 

Mutual Life Insurance Company . . 93 

Myrtle Avenue 74 

Myrtle Avenue Elevated Railroad 266 

Nameless Boat Club 53 

Namm's Variety Store 259 

National Express Company 230 

National Greyhound Club 39 

National Soldiers' Cemetery 179 

Nautilus Boat Club 52, 184 

Naval Stores 93 

Navy Yard, Dry Docks in 110 

Navy Yard Officers. . . .' Ill 

Navy Yard.The United States. 10,103,109, HI 

Near-by Resorts 182 

Nereus Boat Club 213 

New Amsterdam 3 

New England Society in Brooklyn 40 

New Ferry (Catharine Stj) 7 

New Lots 15 

Newpoint Hotel 201 

Newport 20 1 

Newsboys Home 149 

Newspaper and Package P.O. Boxes. 113, 114 

Newspapers of Broooklj'^n 39, 140 

Newspaper, The First, in Brooklyn 13 

New Sutfolk 236 

Newton, Rev. R. Heber, Summer 

Home of 232 

Newtow n 4, 191 

New Union Fields 179 

Newtown Creek 74, 104, 111 

New Utrecht 11,87,182,183 

"New Year's Calls 23 

New York and New Jersey Telephone 

Company 120 

New York & Sea Beach Railway 1»8 

New York Avenue M. E. Lhm-ch 156 

New 'York Canoe Club 6.i 

N. Y. County Insane Asyliun 217 

New York Grain VVarehoustnj^ Company 1l9 

Niantic Club 213 

Nicholls, Governor 5 

Nissequogue River 2.c0 

North Beach ........ 191 

Northern Pacific Express Company 260 

Northport 221 

Northport Bay 221 

North Sea 231 

North Shore of Long Island— Central 

Section 218 

North Shore Tiu-npike 74 

North Side Gun Club 59 

Norton's Point 185, 236 

Norwegian Relief Society 152 

I^ogtranu ^.vejiue M. E. Church. ..,,.,,. 156 



Nottingham Laee Works 205 

Nurseries, Day 151 

Niu-ses 147 

Nurses, Training Schools for 147 

Oakdale 201, 204 

Oakes Manufacturing Company 191 

Oak Grove 234 

Oak Island Beach 201 

Ocean Resorts, To Reach 187 

Ocean Parkway 73 

Oeeanside 198 

Ocean Steamship Lines 103, 273 

Oddfellow's Home, Hollis : . 196 

Official Covutesies , 255 

Old British Barrack 155 

"Old Brooklynites" 27 

Old Bushwick Chiu-ch 154 

"Old Ferry" 4, 6, 7 

OldLaaies Home 147 

"Old Man Eloquent" 163 

Old Shore Road of Astoria 74 

Old South Road 74 

Old Westbury 212 

Oly mpia 10 

Oneek House 228 

Oneck Point 228 

Open Air Concerts 69 

Opera House, Directory of 20 

Orient Point 226 

Orphan Asylmn, R. C |150 

Orthopedic Dispensary 144 

Ovingrion Brothers 259 

Oxford Cluo 33 

Oyster Bay 200, 209 

Oyster Bay, Churches in 209 

Oyster Bay Po!o Cub 209 

Oyster Fishing 202. 223 

Packer Alumnae 40 

Packer Institute 83, 132, 133 

Paintings, Celebrated 76, 77 

Paintings, Collections of 76 

Palace Rink 58 

Parade Grounds 67 

"Park of Pines" 218 

Park and Reads 65 

Park Slope 27,85 

Park Theatre, The 18 

Partridges 217 

Pastimes 43 

Pastime Club 219 

Patchen, Jacob , 7 

Patchogue 205, 215 

Patriarch's Ball, The 29 

"x'ausch" 23 

Pavements, The 90 

Pavilion Hotel, Isllp 204 

Pearsalls 198 

Pecnnic Bay 225, 226, 235 

Pecouic Bays 229 

Peconic River 21 7 

Peconic Village 236 

Pennsylvania Regiment? 11 

Percy, General 11 

Petrolemn Refineries 104 

Pettifs Hotel, Jamaica 195 

Pharmaceutical Society, The Kings 

Countv 37 

Pharrpacy, College of .,,..,,. , 136 



INDEX. 



311 



philharmonic Concerts 18 

Philharmonic Society 18, 38 

Philidor Club 57 

Philosophical Society 35 

Piekles, Manufacture of 200 

Pierrepont House 258 

Pipes and Manholes, Location of 276 

Pierson, Captain Isaac 231 

Pigot, Josoph B 100 

Pilgrim Fathers 232 

Pinckster Day 23 

Pinto's Stores and Elevators 109 

Piper, Edwin S 95 

Places on Long Island 238, 254 

Plainedge 200, 215 

Plank Road, The 74 

Piatt, Charles 164 

Plaza, The 71, 86 

Pleasures of Rowing 68 

Plum Island 234 

Plum Gut 236 

Plymouth Church 8, 81, 156, 158 

Plymouth Congregational Church 153 

Point Lookout 189 

Polhemup, Theodorus 14 

Police Force, The 89 

Police Stations, The 89 

Political Clubs 33 

Polo 61 

Polytechnic Alumni Association 41 

Polytechnic Institute 83 

Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, The.. 132 

Polytechnic Institute, Library of 132 

Polytechnic Re-union 41 

Ponquogue 229 

Poplar Hall 8 

Population of Brooklyn 2 

Population of Long Island 2 

Port Jefferson 215, 218 

Port Jefferson, Industries of 219 

Port Jefferson Railroad 221 

Porto Rico S. S. Line 109 

Port Washington 207 

Postage R ites, Domestic 116, 117 

Postage Stamps, Depots for the Sale of. 113 

Postal Deliveries 118 

Postal Notes -. 116 

Postal Teleg aph and Cable Company . . • 120 

Post Offlce, The 82, 112 

Post Offices, Branch Stations 113 

Post Office Building 112 

Post Office, Location of Wickets 112, 113 

Post Offices on Long Island 238, 254 

Post Office, Statistics of the Brooklyn... 112 

Post Offices. Sub-stations 113 

Potter's Field, Ttie 179 

Pouch Gallery 28, 38 

Pratt Estate . . 208 

Pratt Institute, The 130, 132 

• Pratt Institute, Departments of 131 

Pratt Institute Library 131, i32, 188 

Preachers, Prominent Brooklyn 164 

Prentice House, The 8 

Presbyterian Churches 157 , VS 

Presbyterian Church, The First 8, 158 

Presbyterian Churches, List of 168 

Presbyterian Churches, Music in 163 

Presbyterian Churches. Value of 158 

Prescriptions, Druggists 99 

Pfesident Street ,...,,.,,. 83 



Press Club, The Brooklyn 35 

Primitive Methodist 157 

Primitive Methodist Churches, List of . . . 167 

Prisons, The City 143 

Prison Ships 72 

Prison Ships, "Jersey" and "Whitby". . . 9 

Private Art Galleries 78 

Professional Ball Fields 51 

Prospect Gun club 200 

Prospect Heights 27 

Prospect Hill 70 

Prospect House 234 

Prospect House, Bay Shore 204 

Prospect Park 11, 43, 44, 47, 58, 54, 67 

Prospect Park, Boats in 68 

Prospect Park, Open Air Concerts in 69 

Prospect Park, Cost of 69 

Prospect Park, Entrance to 69 

Prospect Park, Historical Landmarks in 70 

Prospect Park, Size of 69 

Prospect Park, Sports iu 70 

Prospect Park, Statues in 69 

Prospect Park, Views in 69 

Prospect Park, Number of Visitoi-s to. . . 70 

Protestant Episcopal Church 153 

Protestant Episcopal Churches, List of. . 167 
Protestant Episcopal Churches, Number 

of 155 

Protestant Episcopal Churches, Music 

in 161 

Protestant Episcopal Churches, Value 

of 156 

Provision Compauies 101 

Provision Market 99 

Public Administrator 87, 88 

Public Library, Flushing 214 

Pubhc or Official Aid 142 

PubUc School System 126 

PubUc Works 87, 90 

Pumping Station 74 

Punkiesberg 11 

Purcell, William " 157 

Puritan, The Monitor Ill 

Putnam Avenue 84 

Putnam, General Israel 7 

Quail 217 

Quaker Cemetery 179 

Quartet choirs 162 

Queen's 196 

Queen's Coimty — . 195 

Queen's County Agricultiu-al Society . . . 210 

Queen's County Athletic Club — 196 

Queen's County Bank 191 

Queen's Coimty Driving Park 59 

Quogue 228 

Quogue House 229 

Quoiting 49 

Quoit Rink, Dick White's 49 

Railroad Fares to Places on Long 

Island 23S, 254 

Railroads, List of 262 

R.u'lroads on Long Island 261 

Railroads. Surface 268 

R.xpalje, Garrett 154 

Rapelje, Jan 5 

Rapelje, Joris de 9 

Rapalje, Joris Jansen de 3 

Ravenswopd .. ..,,..,, 189 



812 



INDEX. 



Raynor,Chas 228 

Reading Rooms, List of 139 

Real Estate, Value of 1 

Red Cross Society 152 

RedHook 5 

Red Hook Lane 7 

Red Hook Point 10.3 

"Red Leg Devils" 8 

Reformatories 1.51 

Reformed (Dutch) Church 153, 154 

Reformed (TDutch) Chm-ches, Listof . . .. 169 
Reformed (Dutch) Church Music in ... 164 

Reformed Episcopal Church 1G2 

Reformed Episcopalian Churches lo9 

Reformed Presbyterian Churches 1.59 

Refrigerating Warehouses 10^ 

Regents Hotel 84 

Register, The 87 

Registered Mail 114 

Religious Communities 171 

Rembrandt Club 34, 78 

Remsen, Joris 8 

Remsen Street 83 

Rennegackonk 9 

Rennegackonck Kill 4 

Republican Club, Fiusliing 213 

Reservoir flill 86 

Residential Districts 2 

Resorts 182 

Restaurants of Brookl/n, The Chief. ... 257 

Retail Stores in Brool.lya 94 

Revenue liaf orm Club 33 

Ridgewood 200 

Ridgewood Ball Grounds 71 

Ridgewood Park or Highluud Park.. . . 66, 71 

Riding Clubs 61 

Riding and Driving Club 30 

Riding Schools 61 

Richmond Hill 196 

Riverhead 225, 237 

Riverhead Stage Connections 337 

Roads of Brooklyn 72 

Roads in Kiags County 73 

Roadg of Long Island 72 

Roads and Parks 65 

Roads in Queens County 73 

Roads in Suffolk County 73 

Robins Island Club 39 

Robinson's Stores 107 

Rockaway Beach 74, 189. .68 

Rockaway Hunt 197 

Rockaway Peninsula 74 

Rockaway Pike 74 

Rockaway Plank Road 74 

Rockaway Road 74 

Rockaway Steep leciiase 197 

RockvUle Centre 74, 194, 199 

Rocksmiths 199 

Rocky Point 218 

Roller Skating 58 

Roman Catholic Churches, History of . . . 157 

Roman Catholic Churches, List of 169 

Roman Cathohc Churches, Music in 162 

Roman Cathohc, The Principal, in 

Brooklyn 157 

Roman Catholic Churches, Value of 157 

Roosevelt Theo., Home of 209 

Roslyn - 75, 207 

Roslyn, Churches in 208 

Ross St. Presbyterian Church 158 



Routes to Places on Long Island 238, 254 

Rowing 51 

Row Boats in Prospect Park, charges 

for 68 

Rowing Clubs 51, 52 

Rowing in Prospect Park 68 

Royal Baking Powder Factory 109 

Sag Harbor 75, 233 

Sailing on (ireat South Bay 197 

Sailors Coffee House 151 

St. Agnes Church 83 

St. Andrews-on-the Dunes, 231 

St. Ann's 80 

St. Ann's Church, P. E 155 

St. Anne's Church (Old) 83 

St. Aun's-on-the-Heights 161 

St. Aususliue s Church 86 

St. Bartholomew's Church 85 

St. Catherine's Hospital 144 

St. Francis College 134 

St. George's Manor 217 

St. James Hamlet 220 

St. James P. E. Church 155 

St. James R. C. Cathcdr 1 157 

St. John's Cemetery 179 

St. John's Hospital 145 

St. John's Land 321 

St. John's M. E. Church 156 

St. John's R. C. College 134 

St. .Joseph's Institute for Deaf Mutes. . . 152 

St. Luke's Church 84 

St. Luke's P. E. Church 155 

St. Mark's P. E. Church 9,155 

St. Martha's Sanitarian 146 

St. Mary's Chess Club 5?" 

St. Mary's General Hospital 145 

St. Mary's Maternal Hospital 146 

St. Mary's P. E. Church 155 

St. Mary's School, Garden City 210 

St. Mary's Star of the Sea R. C. Church 1.57 

St. Michael's Cemetery 180 

St. Nicholas Society of Nassau Island. . .41 

St. Patrick's Church 157 

St. Patrick's Society 41 

St. Paul's R. C. Chiu-ch 162 

St. Paul's School, Garden City 210 

St. Peter's Home 149 

St. Peter's Hospital 83, 144 

St. Peter's P. K Church 155 

St. Peter's R. C. Church 157, 162 

St. Phoebe's Mission 84, 151 

St. Valentme's Day 23 

Salem Fields Cemetery 180 

Sammis Hotel, Hempstead 211 

Sampawam's Village 202 

Sands, Mrs. Ann 155 

Sands, Comfort of Joshua 6, 10 

Sands Point 207 

Sands Street Memorial Church 81, 156 

Sands Street Blethodist Church 6, 156 

Savings Bank 83 

Sanitary Commission 26 

Sanitary Fair 26. 27 

Saturday and Sunday Association 152 

Sawyers Hall 16 

tSayes, Rev. James 154 

Sayville 201, 205 

Schools of Art 78, 1^5 

Schools, The Brooklyn Publig ...,,,.,,,,. 120 



INDEX. 



§13 



Schools in Brooklyn, Statistics of — 126, 127 

Schools of Medicine 135 

Schools of Music 136 

Scientific and Learned Societies 35 

Scott, General 198 

Sea Beach Route to Coney Island 188 

Sea CliflE 208 

Searinj?town 208 

Seawantiaka Yacht Club 209 

Sea Side Avenue 74 

Sea Side Home 149 

Secor House 258 

Selnyn, Rev. Henricus 9 

Seidl Society 38 

Selden 218 

Setauket 219 

Sewanahaka Yacht Club 52 

Sewing Schools 128, 149 

Seymour Club 34 

Shareth, Israel 180 

Sheepshead Bay 44, 185, 188 

Shell Road, The 191 

Shelter Island 75, 225, 233, 234 

Shelter Island, History of 234 

Snelter Island Yacht Club 235 

Sheriff, The 87 

Sherlock's 258 

Sherman Houss, Babylon 203 

Ship Bull ding 93, 219 

Shipping Interests, Brooklyn 103 

Ship Yards 104 

Ship Yards at Port JefiEerson 219 

Shinnecock 75 

Shinnecock Bay 226, 228 

Shmnecock HUls 229, 230 

Shinnecock Summer School of Art 230 

Shooting on Long Island 197, 226 

Shopping Districts in Brooklyn 94, 258 

Short Beach Club 203 

Shore Road 73 

Sillman, Benjamin 82 

Silsbe&Co. (Restaurant) 258 

Silverware 97 

Silver Lake 231 

Single Tax Club 33, 213 

"Sitting Down" Supper 29 

Skating 53 

Sketch of Brooklyn Society f 2 

Skillman's Woods 208 

Slater's Restaurant 258 

Slaughter Houses 102 

Sleddmg 54 

Sleighing 54 

Slote, Alonzo 100 

Smith & Gray Building 83 

Smith, Gray & Co 259 

Smithtown 220 

Smithto^vn Bay 220 

Social Clubs . .'. 30 

Social Life in Brooklyn 22 

Social Sporting Clubs 63 

Societies, Scientific and Learned 35 

Society, Early Brooklyn 22, 23 

Society of Old Brooklynites 41 

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to 

Animals 152 

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to 

Children 40, 152 

Society of St. Vincent de Paul 151 

Sohmer Piano Co 191 



Soldiers and Sailors Arch 71 

Song Birds of Long Island 227 

Southampton 203, 225, 231 

South Brooklyn, Architecture in 83 

South Brooklyn Ferry Lines 1G6 

Southern Dispensary and Hospital 145 

South Haven 215 

South Jamaica 74 

Southold 225, 232, 236 

South Plank Road 74 

South Shore Resorts 197 

South Shore League 203 

South Shore Road , 75 

Sauth Side Field Club 203 

South Side Sportmen's Club 204 

Special Charities 152 

Speonk 226, 227 

Sporting Clubs 44 

Sporting Clubs, Social 63 

Sporting Localities, Directory of 64 

Sporting Clubs on Long Island 63 

Sports and Pastimes 43 

Sports and Pastimes in Brooklyn,Growth 

of 43 

Sports in Prospect Park 70 

Sportsman's Land 194 

Sports of Summer 51 

Sports of Winter 53 

Spring, Rev. Dr. Gardiner 234 

Springfield 197 

Squiretown 229 

Suburbs of Brooklyn 182 

Suffolk Club 215 

Suffolk Driving Park 218 

Sugar Loaf Hill 231 

Sugar Refineries 104 

Sugar Refining Companies 104 

Summer Resorts on Long Island 238, 254 

Summer School of Painting 230 

Summer Sports 45, 51 

Simd Meadow 221 

Sunday Schools in Brooklyn 159 

Sunset Park 71 

Supervisors, Board of 87 

Supervisor at Large 88 

Surf Bathing 201, 231 

Surface Railways in Brooklyn 268 

Surface Railways in Brooklyn, Routes 

of 268, 272 

Surface R R. Map, Key to 268 

Suydam's P. E. Church 6 

Stage Lines on Long Island 262 

Standard Union, The 140 

Starch Factory, Dur>'ea's 208 

State Charities Aid Association 151 

Statues in Prospect Park 69 

Statuary in Brooklyn 78 

Steam 1 launches in Prospect Park 68 

Steam Surface Railroads 261 

Seamboat Landings on Long Island 

238, 254, 264 

Steamboat Lines 264 

Steamer Huntington 223 

Steamship Lines, Ocean 273 

Stefani, Signor R. E De 136 

Steinway 191 

Steinway Piano Works 191 

Steinway Railway Company 190 

Sterling Lord 11 

Stewart, A. T 210 



314 



INDEX, 



Stoffelsen, Jacob 4 

Stone, L>avid M 85 

Stonybrook Harbor 220 

Storage Warehouses , Value of Contents . 93 

Storrs, Rev. Kichard S 153, 156 

Stranahan, James S. T 109 

Street Directory of Brooklyn 279, 300 

Street Directory Map, Key to 279 

Studios 78 

Stuyvesant, Governor 9 

Syosset 224 

Tabernacle, The 84 

Tabernacle, The Brooklyn 84, 153, 158 

Talmage's Building: 84 

Talmage, Rev. T. DeWitt. . . .153, 158, 163, 233 

Tammany Society 9 

Teachers' Association 40 

Telegraphic Mouey Orders 25? 

Telegraphic Service 119 

Telegraph Stations on Long Island. .238, 254 

Telegraph Messages, Night 123 

Telegraph Officers, Location of 119, 120 

Telephone Booths 122 

Telephone Busine iS, Statistics of 124 

Telephone Directories 124 

Telephone Pay Stations, List of — 123,124 

Telephone Rates 120, li;3, 124 

Telephone System l.»l, 124 

Temple Beth El Cemetery 180 

Temple Isreal 85 

Tennis 47 

Tennis Groimds 47 

Tennis, Rules for 48 

Terror, The Monitor Ill 

Theatres 16 

Theatres, Directory of 20 

Theatres in Brooklyn, History of 18 

"The Ferry" 4, 5, 6, 13 

"The Ferry," Market at 7 

The Grand Bazaar 95 

'The Heights" 8,81 

The Heights "Class" 28 

The "HiH" 84 

The Hill "Set' 25 

The King's Arms 12 

"The Kirmess" 28 

Theosophical Society 36 

The Plaza 71 

The Regent (Hotel) .258 

The "Temple" 86 

Thirty-fourth Street Ferry 190 

Thirteenth Regiment 8 

Throop Avenue Presbyterian Church... 158 

Tdje Jan 13 

Times. The Brooklyn 140 

Tombstones 175 

Tompkins Park 71 

Tourists on Long Island 193 

Town Hall, Jamaica 75 

Towns on Long Island 238, 254 

Towns of Kings County 182 

Tract Societies 160 

Trade and Finance 91 

Trade Centres 91 

Training School and Home for Yotmg 

Girls 152 

Training School for Teachers 127 

Travellers' Guide 255 

Travelling on Long Island 11*3 



Trolley System 268 

Trotting Course Lane 74 

Trout Fishing 202. 229 

Truant Home, The 151 

Trunk Railway Lines 263 

Trust Companies 91 

Trust Company, The Frankhn 91 

Tuesday Evening Subscription Dances. . 28 

Tuinnessen, Jan 4 

"Tulip" Tree, The Big 7 

Twelfth Ward Park 71 

Twenty-third Regiment Ai'mory 85 

Underground Wires 121 

Union Cemetery 180 

Union Course 15 

Union Depot 184 

Union Fields Cemetery 180 

Union for Christian Work 41, 151 

Union Gun Club 183 

Union Hill 221 

Union League Club 33, 85 

Union S. 8. Line 109 

Union ville 184 

Unitarian Churches, History of 159 

Unitarian Churches, List of ; . . . 169 

Unitarian Churi;hes, Music in 164 

United Presbyterian Churches 159 

United Presbyterian Churches, List of. . . 169 

United Singers of Brooklyn 38 

United States Express Company 260 

United States Navy Yard 109, 111 

Universalist Churches 159 

Universalist Churches, List of 169 

University or Institute Park 66 

Utrecht 4 

Valentine House, The Old . . . 207 

Valley Stream 197, 198 

Van Brunt Mansion ' 31 

Van Couwenhoven Gerrit 4 

Vanderbeeck Ram Jansen 8 

Vanderbilt, Wm. K 204 

Van Nostrand's Express Company 260 

Van Twiller, Gov 5 

Varuna Boat Club 52, 184 

Vegetable Market 100 

Vendome Apartment House 84 

Vested Choirs 161 

"Village of Churches" 199 

Vinegar Hdl 10 

Vlissenden (Flushing) 21 3 

Volunteer Firemen's Association 41 

Volunteer Fire Department 10 

Wading River 218 

Winscott 232 

Wallabout 10, 104, 154 

Wallabout Basin 109 

Wallabout Bay 3, 109 

WaUabout Canal 109 

WaUabout Chapel 157 

Wallabout Market, Importance of 99 

Wallabout Market, The 99 

Wallabout Market, Merchants in 100, 101 

Wallabout Pond 7 

Walloon Settlement 99 

WaUoons, The Bay of 3 

Wampmissick "17 

Wantagb 300 



INDEX. 



315 



Warehouses 93, 102, 104 

Warehouses and Piers, Location of 276 

War Fund Committee 71 

Wartburff Home for the Aged and In- 
firm 149 

Washington Ball Grounds 71 

Washington Cemetery 180 

Washington, General George 220 

Washington Park 9, 71 

Washington Square 67, 72 

"Watch Night Calls" 23 

Waterbury, Noah 14 

Waterfront of Brooklyn 103 

Water Mills 232 

Watson House, Babylon 203 

Wave Crest 74, 198 

Waverley 217 

Waverly Yoimg Men's Club 33 

Wayside Home for Girls 151 

Waywayonda Club 203 

Webb, Thomas 156 

Webster, Daniel 216, 229 

Wechsler & A braham 258 

Wechsler & Brother 258 

Wechsler BuUding 83 

Wells, Fargo & Co 260 

Wells Sanitarium 146 

Wescott Express Company 260 

Wesley Davis 81 

West Brighton 185, 186 

West Brooklyn 184 

Western Union Telegraph Company 120 

West Hampton 227 

West Hampton Beach 228 

West India Co., The 4 

Westminster Kennel Club 202 

West Neck 222 

Wheatley Hills 212 

Whist League 27 

White Cross S. S. Lme 109 

Whitestone 212 

Wholesale Houses , 93 

Wild Duck Shootuig 216 

Wild Fowl 59 

Willet's Point 214 

Wiiliamsburgh 13, 14, 95 

Williamsburgh Benevolent Society 151 

Williarasbm-gh, Growth of 15 

Williamsburgh, First Mayor of 15 



WilUamsburgh, Last Mayor of 15 

Williamsburgh Saengerbund 38 

Williamsbm-gh Savings Bank 86 

Williamsburgh Yacht Club 42 

Windsor Club 33 

Winfleld 74 

Winter Sports 53 

Winthrop Park 71 

Wise, W & Son (Jewelers) 259 

Women's Club 40 

Women's Exchange 42 

Women's Health Protective Association. 41 

Women's Suffrage Association 40 

Women's Work Exchange 152 

Woodhaven 74, 195 

Woodhaven Road 74 

Woodhaven Water Works 74 

Woodhull, Gen. Nathaniel 196 

Woodhull, Richard M 14 

Wood, Samuel 197 

Woodsburgh 197 

Woodville Landing 218 

Working Women's Vacation Society 152 

Wright, Rev. George 154 

Wyandance Club 220 

Wyandanck House 235 

Wyndham Hotel 258 

Yacht Clubs 51 

Yachting 51 

Yachting on Great South Bay 202 

Yale Alumni Association of Long Island. 41 

"Yankee" HiU 6 

Yaphank 215, 217 

Yorkton 14 

Young Men's Christian Association. 41, 83, 160 
Young Mens Christian Association, 

Branches of 160 

Y. M. C. A. Literary Society 35 

Young Men's Democratic (Jlub 34 

Young Men's Institute 206 

Yoimg Men's Guild 221 

Yoimg Men's Social Club 219 

Young Republican Club 34 

Young Women's Christian Association, 

41, 84, 160 

Zeeun Jan Comelis • . . 13 

Zoellner Maenchor 38 



Directory of Advertisers. 



ABATTOIRS: 

J. M. P. Scanlan, 169 Fort Greene Place. 
See page 102. 

Scnwarzschild & Sulzberger Co., Pacific 
st and 5th ave. See page 102. 
ADVERTISING AGENTS: 

R. Wayne Wilson Company, 23 Park Row, 
N. Y. C. See opp page 141. 
ARCHITECTS: 

Julius Hunerbein, 21 Borden Ave.. L. I. C. 
See page 192. 



AUCTIONEERS; 

Jos. Hegeroan & Co., cor. Willoughby ave 
and Pearl st. See opp page 63. 
BANKS: 

Brooklyn, Fulton st cor Clinton. See opp 
page 27. 
Kings County, 12 Court st. See opp page 206. 

Long Island, 186 Remsen st. See opp 
page 207. 

Mechanics, cor Covu^i st & Montague. See 
opp page 167. 



816 



1NDE5C. 



Nassau, Court st cor Joralemon. See opp 
page 159. 

Queens County, cor Borden ave and Front 
St, L. 1 C. See opp 191. 

Wallabout, Myrtle and Clinton aves. See 
page 10(1. 
BICYCLES; 

Schwalbach Cycle Co., 1216 Bedford ave. 
See inside front cover. 

chas. SchwalUach Company, Flatbush 
ave near Franklui. See opp page 123. 
BOILER MANUFACTURER: 

Hagan & Daly, foot of 7th st, L. I. C. 
See page 192. 
BOOKBINDERS: 

Jno. Cassidy, 221 Fulton st N. Y. C. See 
opp page 280. 
BOOKS, PRINTS, &c: 

M. J. Sabin, 80 Nassau st, N. Y. C. See 
opp page 206. 
BOOTS AND SHOES: 

Chas. L. Jung, 70 Broadway. See opp 
page 183. 
BOTTLERS: 

Long Island Bottling Co., 280 Bergen st. 
See opp page 5. 
BUTTEk, EGGS &c: 

Peter Nieman, 10 Wallabout Market. See 
page 100. 
CARPENTERS AND BUILDERS : 

John Lee's Sons, 216 State st. See opp 
page 2 0, 

CARRIAGE AND WAGON MANUFACTUR- 
ERS: 

Donigan & Neilson, 745 3d ave. See opp 
page 219. 
CATERERS: 

J. A. Dilliard, 1207 Bedford ave. See opp 
page 182. 

B. Moore. Jr., cor Main st and Remsen st, 
Astoria. Seepage 192 
CEMETERIES: 

Evergreen Cemetery Co., T^ushwick ave 
and Conwav st. Seepages 173. Vii. 
CIGAR MANUFACTURER: 

E. A. Hathaway., 149 Grand st. See opp 
page 230. 
COAL & WOOD: 

Colin & Messenetr, Boulevard, ft of Cam- 
elia st, E. R., Astoria. See page 192. 

Law & C^leary , 47 Union st. See opp page 320. 

Henry Mencken, ft Main st, Astoria. See 
page 192. 
COLLEGES: 

Bryant & Stratton's College, Chas. Clag- 
horn. Prop , 44 Court st. See page 134. 

Grand Conservatory of Music, Fulton st, 
cor Gold. See pages 136, 137. 

Pratt's Institute. Ryerson st, near De Kalb 
ave. See pages 131, 132. 

St. Francis' College, 41 Butler st. See page 
134. 
COMMISSION MERCHANTS: 

G. Grabau, 34 Washington ave, Wallabout 
Market. See page 101. 

Fred E. Rosebrock, Wallabout Market. See 
page 101. 
CONFECTIONERS, MANUFACTURING: 

Roworth Manufacturing Co, 27 New Cham- 
bers st, N. Y. C. See opp page 85. 



CONTRACTORS: 

H F. Quinn & Son, 226 5th st. See page 
192 
COPPERSMITHS: 

Frank Clarke, 161 Dikeman st. See opp 
page 250. 
CORDAGE: 

Jno. Good Cordage Co., Morris Building, N. 
Y. C. See page 191. 
CORN, OATS, ETC.: 

Beyer & Morgan, ft of East ave. See pag 
101. 
DECORATORS: 

The New York Du-corating Co., Wall st 
Ferry. Brooklyn. See opp page 20?. 
DENTISTS: 

E. B. Wicht, 179 Grand st. See opp page 
230. 
DRUGGISTS: 

W. Douglas, 423 Fulton st. See opp page 
133. 

B. H. Livingstone, 277 Grand st. Seepages 
98 and 99. 
DRY GOODS: 

Elwin S. Piper, 222 Grand st. See pages 
95, 96, 97, and 98. 
DYEWOjDS, ETC.: 

Oaks Manufacturing Co., 53 Stone st., N. 
Y. C. See page 191. 
EGG DEALERS: 

S. S. Lone & Bros , 77 Washington ave, 
Wallabout Market See page 101. 
ELECTRIC LIGHT: 

Long Island City Co., 112 Front, L. I. C. 
See page 191. 
ELEVATORS: 

Otis Bros., 36 Park Row, N. Y. C. See page 
opp Table of Contents. 
ENGINEERS (CIVIL): 

Leonard C. L. Smith, 77 Jackson ave, L. I. 
C. See page 192. 
EXPRESSES: 

Wm. K. Moore, 188 Main st, Astoria. See 
page 192. 
FIXTURES (BUTCHERS): 

O. Velle, 320 Flushing ave. See page 101. 
FLORIST: 

J. Condon, 734 5th ave. See opp page 183. 

Wm. H. Hall. Conway st entrance to Ever- 
green Cemetery. See page 176. 

Jno. J. Peters, 39 Borden ave, L. I. C. See 
page 192. 
FOUNDRY (FINE ART): 

Maurice J. Power, 218 E. 25th, N. Y. C. 
See opp page 101. 
FRUITS AND PRODUCE: 

Barteld & Garms, 18 Wallabout Market. 
See page lOl . 

Z Brush. 30 Wallabout Market. See page 
101. 

Fitzgerald & Shanks, 20 Wallabout Market. 
See page 100. 

L. Horstman, Jr., 23 Wallabout Market. 
See page 101. 

Lewis Jurgens, Wallabout Market. See 
page 100. 

Lippman Bros., Wallabout Market. See 
page 100. 

Schoeder Bros., 38 West ave., Wallabout 
Market. See page 101. 



INDEX. 



817 



Geo. Thurling, 33 'Washington ave, Walla- 
bout Market. See page 100. 

Thos. H, Townsend, 64 West ave, Walla- 
bout Market. See page 101. 

C. Van Ronk, 24 .\larket Square, Walla- 
bout Market. Seepage 101. 
FURNACE : 

Simonds Mfg Co, 50 Cliff st, N. Y. C. See 
page 1!)2. 
FURNITURE: 

H. Johnson, 118 Hamilton ave. See opp 
pa^e 194. 

J. E. Keller's Sons, 835-837 Myrtle ave. 
See opp page 195. 
FURS : 

Ohas. Booss & Co., 54 Coui-t st. See opp 
page 207. 
GASLIGHT : 

East River GasUght Co, 40 Wall st, N. Y. C. 
See page 191. 
GROCERS: 

Jno. H. Hoeft & Sons, Wallabout Market. 
See page 100. 

Wm. Irvine & Co., 62 Washington ave, 
Wallabout Market. See page 101. 

W^m. B. A. Jurgens, 50 Washington ave, 
Wallabout Market. Seepage 101. 

HeiTuan JAnk & S )ns, 4, 5 and 6 Washing- 
ton ave, Wallabout Market, See page 
100. 

Jno. McGahie, 321 Columbia st. See opp 
page 306. 

Jas. Thompson, 121 Atlantic ave. See in- 
side back cover. 

Van Glahn Bros., Washington st and Pai-k 
ave. See page 101. 
GROCER'S SUNDRIES: 

A. P Quimby & Co. , 82 Washington ave 
Wallabout Market, See page 101. 
HATS: 

Chas. Booss & Co., 54 Court. See opp 
page 207. 
HAY, GRAIN, ETC.: 

W. F. Shotwell & Co., 72 Washington 
ave, Wallabout Market. See page 101. 
HOTEL: 

J. S. Baldwin, Centre Moriches, L. I, See 
opp page 251. 

"The Carlton," Chas. Richter, Propr., cor 
S. 8th stand Kent ave. Sea opp page 182. 
INK (PRINTERS'): 

Geo. Mather's Sons & Co., 29 Rose st, N. Y. 
C. See opp page 73. 
INSURANCE: 

Jas. F. Atchinson, 26 Court st. See opp 
page 206 

Mutual Life Insm-ance Co., 371 Fulton st, 
Brooklyn, and 59 Cedar st, N. Y. C. See opp 
Title page. 
IRON WOHKS: 

A A. Petry & Co., 7tn st and Jackson ave. 

See page ]Li2. 
JUTE BAGGING: 

Am. Mfg. Co., 16 Exchange Place. See 
pages 94 and 95. 
LUMBER: 

Beers & Resseguie, Washington st and 
Flushi'ig ave See page lOO. 

W. S, Reeves, Boulevard ft of Camelia st, 
E. R. , Astoria. See page 192. 



Sims Lumber Co., Flushing St, L. I. C. See 
page 192 

Smith, Carpenter & Co., Greenpoint ave. 
and Nevrtown Creek, L I. C. See page 192. 

EAT (DEALERS IN): 

Armour Packing Co., 35th st and 12th ave, 
N. Y. C. See page 102. 

Atlantic Beef Co. , 174 Ft. Greene Place. See 
page 102. 

Brooklyn Beef Co., 74 Atlantic ave. See 
page 101. 

Ft. Greene Sheep & Prov. Co., 172 Ft. 
Greene PI. See page 101. 

Mark Mayer & Co., 71 East ave, Walla- 
bout Market. See page 100 
Protzman & Seaton, cor Flushing and East 
End aves, Wallabout Market. Seepage 100. 

Swif & Bros, 182 Ft. Greene Place. See page 
101. 

Williamsburg Beef Co, 100 N 6th st. See 
page 102. 

Wulf & Ehlers, 73 Wallabout Market. See 
page 100. 
MEETING ROOMS : 

Chas. Nickering, 7th ave & 9th st. See opp 
page 250. 
MINERAL WATERS: 

Geo. Russell, 369 Jay st. See opp page 195. 
MONUMENTS : 

R. Cocroft's Sons, Conway st entrance to 
Evergreens Cemetery. Seepages 175 and 176. 
MOTORS (GAS): 

Daimler Motor Co, 937 Steinway ave, L. I C. 
See opp page 191. 
NEW.sPAPERS : 

Brooklyn Citizen, 397 Fulton st. See opp 
Copyright. 
PAINTS : 

Spence-Grant C'Jo, 560 Kent ave. See page 
101. 
PAPER, WHOLESALE : 

Glen Mfg Co, Tribune Building, N. Y. G. 
See opp page 15. 

Chas. F. Hubbs & Co, 419 Broome st, N. Y. 
C. See opp page 2.50. 

Edw. J. Merriam, 2S Beekman st, N. Y. C. 
See opp page 171. 

Geo. H. Simpson, 194 WilUam st, N. Y. C. 
See opp page 219. 
PIANOS AMD MUSIC: 

F. H. Chandler, 300 Fulton st. See opp 
page 219. 

Sohmer & Co.. 149-1.55 E 14th st, N. Y. 
City. See inside front cover. 

Steinway & Sons, ill E 14.h st, N. Y. C. 
See page 191. 
PICKLES. ETC.: 

H. J Heintz Co , 17 Waverly ave. See 
page 101. 
POTTERY WORKS: 

Chas. Gran ini, 110 Metropolitan ave. See 
page opp inside front cover. 
POULTRY, ETC.: 

Russell Hoey, 150 Ft. Greene PI. See 
paere i02. 

Long Island Poultry Co., 194 Ft. Greene PI. 
See payes 101-102. 
PRINTERS: 

F. & E. Greenbaum, 13 Spruce st, N. Y. C. 
See page opp 195, 



318 



INDEX. 



PRODUCE, ETC.: 

Jno. H. Kaiser, 3 Wallabout Market. See 
page 100. 

Jno. H. Krogman, 14 Washington ave, 
WalJabout Market. See page 100. 

Lues& Stormau, 18 Washington ave, Wall- 
about Market. See page 100. 

Andrew J. & Chas. Smith, Wallabout Mar- 
ket. See page 100. 

Wittpchen & Co.. 58 West ave, Wallabout 
Market. See page 101. 
PUBLISHERS: 

Brooklyn Citizen, 397 Fulton st. See opp 
Copyright. 

R. Wayne Wilson Company, 23 Park Row, 
N. Y. C. See opp page 194. 
RAILROADS: 

Brooklyn, Bath & West End R. R., cor 
Chnton and Montgomery. See pages 187 
and 188. 

Brooklyn City R. R. Co., Montague st, cor 
Clinton Brooklyn. 

Brooklyn Elevated R. R. Co., 31 Sands st. 

Coney Island & Sea Beach Route. See 
pages 188 and 189. 

Kings Coimty Elevated R. R , 346 Fulton 
St. See page 268. 

Steinway Railway Co., Steinway and Win- 
throp aves, L. I. C. See page 191 
REAL ESTATE: 

Astoria Homestead Co., 931 Steinway ave, 
L. I. C. See page 191 

Jacob Baker, 65 Broadway Seepage 325. 

Chauncey Chicester, Centre Moriches, L. 
I. See opp page 251. 

Geo. E. Clay, 5 Jackson ave. See page 320. 

Wm. A. Ferry, 2.52 Court st. See page 320. 

P. J. Grace, 361 Fulton st. See page 320 

W.W. Grant, 189-191 Montague st. See page 
320 

German American Real Estate & Title 
Guarantee Co., 189 Montague st. See opp. 
page 151 . 

D. L Hardenbrook, Pulitzer Bldg, N. Y. C. 
See opp page 251. 

R. Horak, .256 Steinway ave, L. I. C. See 
page 192. 

Jno. J. James & Son, 103 Montague st See 
page 320. 

Geo. E. Payne, 75 Jackson ave, L. I. C. See 
page 192. 

Geo . H. Paynter, 83 Borden ave, L. I. C. See 
page 192 

W. P. Rae Co., 394 Gates ave. See opp 
page 170. 

Ravenswood Imp. Co., 21 Borden ave, L. I. 
C. See page 190. 

Emil Sauermilch, 43:3 Steinway ave, L. I. C. 
See page 192. 

Horatio ,S . Stewart, 6 4th ave. See page 320. 
RKST A.URANT : 

Benson & Gillooly, cor. East ave and Mar- 
ket sq uare, Wallabout Market. See page 101. 
ROOFING: 

Comins & Ev^ns, 41 Waverly ave. See 
page 101. 



Gum Elastic Roofing Co., 41 West Broad- 
way, N. Y. C. See opp page 117. 
SASH AND DOOR M AKERS: 

S. E. Bronson, 52 West ave, L. I. C. See 
page 192. 
SCHOOL (LAW): 

George Chase, Dean, N. Y. Law School, 120 
Broadway, N. Y. C. See opp page. 
SMELTING AND REFINING: 

Brooklyn Smelting & Refining Works, 375- 
383 Driggs ave. See opp page 159. 
STATIONERY: 

Thomas Limt, 188 Fulton st. See opp page 
207. 
STONEYARDS: 

A. D Baird & Co., cor Keap st and Myrtle 
ave. See opp page 167. 

Chas. S. Lynan, cor Clinton and Flushing 
ave's. See opp page 194. 
TELEPHONIES: 

N, Y. & N. J. Telephoce Co., 16 Smith st. 
See pages 120, 121 and 122. 
TELEGRAPH: 

Brooklyn District Telegraph Co. See opp 
page 171. 
TIMBER: 

L. Hanson, Broadway and Sherman st, 
L. I. C. See page 192. 
TOBACCO: 

B. Don op's Sons, 11 Montrose ave. See in- 
side of back cover. 

TRUST COMPANIES: 

Franklin, cor Montague st and Clinton, 
See pages 91, 92 and 93. 

Hamilton, 191 Montague st. See opp page 
151. 

Nassau, 101 Broadway. See opp page 49. 
TUBS, (HOISTING): 

G L. Stuebner & Co., 168 E. 3d st L. I. C. 
See page 192. 
TYPE FOUNDRY: 

Walker & Bresnan, 201-205 WiUiam St, N. 
Y. C. See opp page 219. 
VARNISH: 

Mayers & Lowenstein, 164 Water st N. Y. 
C. See pa2:e 192. 

Edw. Smith & Co., Times Building N. Y. 
C. See page 192. 
VENEER: 

Astoria Veneer Mills, 120 E. 1.3th st, N. Y. 
C. See page 192. 
WAREHOUSE & STORAGE CO.: 

The Brooklyn Warehouse btorage Co. See 
back cover. 
WIRE CLOTH MANUFACTURERS: 

Philip Schmitt, 156 Graham ave. See opp 
page 251. 
WIRE WORKS: 

Jos. Norwood, 349 Adam sc. See opp page 
230. 
WOOD (KINDLING): 

Fred Tielke, Washington ave, near Walla- 
bout Biidge. Seepage 101. 
YARNS: 

David Ingraham, 96 Spring st, N. Y. C. 
See page 193. 



LAW SCHOOL AlVD PUBLISHERS. 



New York Law School, 

Equitable Building, 120 Broadway, New York City. 

LARGEST LAW SCHOOL IN THE UNITED STATES, OUTSIDE OF MICHIGAN. 

Incorporated in June, 1891 . Now in the second year of its existence. Niunber of students 
during first year, 381 ; during second year, 508. The Professors were associates of Pro- 
fessor Theodore W. Dwight in Columbia College Law School until his retirement there- 
from in June, 1891, and follow the DWIGHT 3IETHOI> of legal instruction. Degree of 
LL.B. given after two years' course. Post-graduate coiu"se now added. 

Annual Tuition Fee ^lOO. Next Annual Session opens October 2. 
For Catalogues, information, etc., address GEORGE CHASE, Dean. 



Everybody advertises sometimes, and most 
people advertise a good deal at times, and 
have a great deal of bother when they do. 
They might save themselves all trouble by 
intrusting their advertising business to The 
R. Wayne Wilson Company, 23 Park Row, 
New York City. Rates the same as over 
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saved. 

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Boarders Wanted Ads., 

Help Wanted Ads., 
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8^0 



REAL ESTATE— DIRECTORY. 



WM. A. FERRY, Real Estate and Insnrance Broter. 

Agency of the HOME FJRE INSURANCE COMPANY, op New York . 
And LLOYD^S PLATE GLASS INSURANCE COMPANY. 

Offices, 252 & 254 Court Street, {Opposite Butler Street\ Brooklyn. 

LOANS NEGOTIATED AND ESTATES MANAGED. Rents Collected. Telephone Call, 1240. 



P. J. GRACE, 

Broker IN Real Estate, Insurance, 
and Mortgage. Loans. 

Over FULTON Bank, «/»., t7--T4..„ 04- 
Opposite City Hall, ODi xUltOIl St., 

Entire charge of Estates a Specialty. RrOOklvn 

JACOB BAKER, 

Real Estate and Insurance, 

No. 421 BROADWAY, 

Bet. Hooper & Hewes St. Brooklyn. 

Agent for Lehigh Talley Coal and Wood. 



NOTARY 
PUBLIC, 



W. W, GRANT, 
Real Estate, 

189 & 191 MONTAGUE STREET, 

Room 403. Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Horatio S. Stewart, 

Real Estate and Insurance Broker, 

6 Fourth Avenue, Brooklyn, 

Bet. Flatbuph & Atlantic Av. Telephone 954 Bklyn 
Orders received for Wood & Coal, Money loaned 
on Bond and Mortgage. Property managed. 



JOHN F. JAMES. 



CLINTON R. JAMES. 



JOHN F. JAMES & SON, 
Real Estate Brokers 

193 Montague St., Brooklyn. 

Special attention paid to the collection of 
Rents and Management of Estates. 

TELEPHONE, BROOKLYN 1251. 



COAL AND WOOD— DIRECTORY. 



Telephone Call, 914 Brooklyn. 

LAW & CLEAR Y, 

COAL AND WOOD, 
Nos. 47 to 57 Union St., 

One Block from Hamilton Ferry, Brooklyn, 







.^^ 



nx^*: 



Have You Seen our Latest 
Exclusive Feature? 



MOST ENTERPRISING, 
CONSEQUENTLY 

Most Successful Paper 

IN BROOKLYN. 
^ BRIGHT, 

NJEWSY and 

PRACTICAL 

, We are Appreciated 



\ 



THE CITIZEN, 

397 to 403 FULTON STREET, 

W^ Opposite City Hall, Brooklyn, N. Y. ^^v 




A display advertisement is like the heading 
of an article. 

A reading notice is the article itself. 

One may attract attention, the other holds 
it. 

A display advertisement says, " Come in 
and buy." 

A reading notice tells why a purchase should 
be made. 

The difference between the two forms of 
advertising is like that between a letter re. 
commending goods and a traveller's interview 
with a customer. With a reading notice, the 
seller buttonholes the buyer. 

Always Provided 

The Reading Notice 

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The R. Wayne Wilson Company, 23 Park 
Row, New York City, know how to write 
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>\re you aware of the fact 
that it is to your interest 
to advertise in Brooklyn? 




at 



There are a million people 
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^ salesman into nearly every 

J^ home by an announcement 






in 



The 



Brooklyn 
- — Citizen 



. t ^ . . The 

avmg more special and origi- --i^.i.». 



fy^ 



nal lioine features tlian any DCSt 
Brooklyn paper, it is carried H nm f^ 

directly to the fireside of — ^— — 

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FOOLISH 




ADVERTISING 




<0 JVIAKE EVEF^Y DObbjOrF^ TEbb, 

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fLACEID BY 




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No. 23 Park Ho^w^ 




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Select Mediums. 

jy^ost Valuable 

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IN NEWS. 
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READ BY ALL 

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CIGARETTES— GROCER. 



B. Donop's Son, 



Manufacturer of 



5c. /A\ 5c. 

All Tobacco .-. 



• • • • 



Cigarettes. 



EACH BOX CONTAINS A TICKET. 
For 50 Tickets a Pocket Knife or Pocketbook. 
For 250 Tickets an UmbreUa. 

For 500 Tickets a Clock. 



1 1 Montrose Ave., 

Near Union Avenue, BROOKLYN. 

JAMES THOMPSON, 

GROCER— s 

121 ATLANTIC AVENUE, 

Comer Henry, BROOKLYN. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



THE BRC 
Y\^arehous^^nd 3 



V 



^y 



014 223 624 2 • 
SCHERMERHORN S . ., v.^. . . .... « z wv,. 

z. / w R RARTLETT y7;.l/^r.7.V/.;/^ JOHN R. VAN WORMER, 

Treasurer, CHRISTIAN T. CHRISTENSEN. Secretary, GUY DU VAL. 




THE massive and absolutely fire-proof structure erected by ^^^^ Brooklyn Ware 
1 house and Slorage Company is 225x100 feet and ^^n s'f"^\^^g^^V^^°X^^^^ 
whatever was used in its construction. The Company will store ^o^^^^^^^^^^^^f '^ 
of every name and nature, works of art and silver plate xn t™^^,%°\.P^^^^^^^^^^ 
any description, giving therefor a guarantee receipt. One f^^^he stron^es and 
most invulnerable Safe Deposit Vaults that human ingenuity has devised is being 

'"''ThVfiL';rirodern vans, trucks and special wagons for the cartage of valuables* 
areprovid^ed,^ competent and experienced packers and porters only are employed. 
The building will be thrown open for business m July, 1893. ^^^p|,o„ses 

Brooklyn now has the finest, most perfectly equipped hre-proof warehouses 
in the world. 



